VICE DRUG EDUCATION

AND CONTROL
UNIT COVERAGE
 HISTORY OF DRUG ABUSE
The holy bible:
• The book of Judges(old testament)- revealed that mighty Samson was put to
sleep by Delilah by means of a drug-laced wine before cutting his hair(the source
of his strength)

• There are also many allusions of drug abuse in the old cities of Sodom and
Gomorrah, which might have led to the widespread of adultery, bestiality and
incest.

• Ancient Greek and Roman literature- the tragic romance of Anthony and
Cleopatra. Cleopatra, in desperation over her disprized love drank a narcotic-
laden wine before allowing her self to be bitten to death by a poisonous asp
from the River Nile.
Marijuana(Cannabis Sativa)-
The world’s oldest cultivated plant started by the Incas of Peru.
Peruvian and Mexican Incas have also the common practice to use the coca
leaves during religious offering ceremonies.
Marijuana was a “sacred tree” in the belief of the Assyrians being used
during religious rituals.
Marijuana deeply ingrained in the cultures of many countries such as India,
Jamaica, Morocco, Nepal, Mexico and Peru.
Iran- first reference of introduction was in Northern Iran as an intoxicant.
Marijuana- India by Hindus used for religious rituals in the belief that it is
source of “happiness and laughter provoker”.
The word “hashis” (resin) of the Marijuana plant was derived from the
name Hasan or Hashain, the Muslim cult leader.
Opium Poppy Plant (Papaver Somniferum)
7,000 years BC cultivated and
prepared by the Sumerians.
First harvested in Mesopotamia
Opium use in China was stemmed
out from India became widespread
in the 19th Century.
From Middle east the plant was
cultivated in India, Pakistan and
Afghanistan.
Hippocrates – Father of Medicine,
prescribe the juice of the white
poppy plant as early as 5,000 BC in
belief that it can cure many illness
both in the internal and external
use.
Emperor Yung Chen- prohibited
the smoking of Opium and
attempted to close ports for its
importation in China. This
triggered the “opium war” of 1840
which induced China to accept
British sponsored opium trade and
forced to sign a treaty permitting
the importation of Opium intro
China after his defeat.
Friedrich W. Serturner- 1806 a
German pharmacist discovered
Morphine, the first derivative of
opium.
Morphine- Seturner called this
new drug as “ Morphium” and
later changed to Morphine after
the Greek God of dream
Morpheus. This was the first
attempt to cure Opium addiction.
Morphine addiction- became
known as “soldiers disease” during
the American Civil war.
Heroine (Diacetylmorphine)
Second attempt of treating
opium and morphine addiction
started in 1896.
It was called the “miracle drug”
because it is believed that it can
cure both opium and morphine.
Named after the word “hero”
due to its impressive power.
 Most addictive of all drugs.
• Alder Wright- British chemist
who discovered Heroine
History of Drug Abuse and Addiction in the
Philippines
Nga-nga- The intoxicants and
stimulants used by the early
Filipinos were fermented alcoholic
beverages and the masticatory
preparation.

The opium poppy plant and the

coca bush were absent in the
Philippine vegetation prior to
1521.
1901- The Americans took over the rule of the country, and after establishing a civil
government, a systematic survey was conducted and it was found out that
there were 190 joints where the Chinese smoke opium.
1906- Partial legislation allowed Chinese addicts to obtain a license to use opium
in their homes for a fee of P5.00
1908- The total ban of opium was effected. The campaign continued until the
Japanese occupation in 1946.
1953- Republic Act No. 953 was enacted which provided for the registration of
collection, and the imposition of fixed and special taxes upon all persons who
produce, import, manufacture, compound, deal-in, dispense,
sell, distribute, or give away opium, Marijuana, opium poppies, or coca leaves
or any synthetic drugs which may declared as habit forming.
1955- Marijuana plant introduced in Pasay City by foreigners for purpose of
producing “reefers”.
January 8, 1959- conducted the first Marijuana raid in Pasay City.
Republic Act No. 6425
- signed by President Ferdinand Marcos
-known as the “Dangerous Drug Act of 1972”
- This law which was amended by Presidential Decree No. 44, dated
November 9, 1972 placed under control not only narcotics by also
psychotropic substances.
1975-1980- the cultivation of Marijuana increased
DEFINITION OF TERMS
• DRUG- is a chemical substance used as medicine or in the making of
medicines, which affects the body and mind and have potential for abuse.

• CHEMICAL- is any substance taken into the body that alters the way
and the mind and the body work.

• CHEMICAL ABUSE- is an instance when the use of chemical has

produced negative or harmful consequences.

• NARCOTIC DRUG- refers to illegally used drugs or dangerous drugs,

which are either prohibited or regulated drugs. The term Narcotic comes
from the Greek word “narcotikos”. It is sometimes known as “opiates”
• Drug Abuse- the illegal, wrongful or improper use of any drug.
• Drug Addiction- refers to the state of periodic or chronic
intoxication produced by the repeated consumption of a drug.
• Drug Dependence- refers to the state of psychic or physical
dependence of both on dangerous drugs following the administration
or use of that drug. WHO defines it as periodic, continuous, repeated
administration of a drug.
• Physical Dependence - An adaptive state caused by repeated
drug use that reveals itself by development of intense physical
symptoms when the drug is stopped (withdrawal syndrome).
• Psychological Dependence - An attachment to drug use which
arises from a drug ability to satisfy some emotional or personality need of
an individual. (Physical dependence not required but it does not seem to
reinforce psychological dependence.
• Tolerance - it is the increasing dosage of drugs to maintain the same
effect in the body.
• Pusher- Any person who sell, administer, deliver or give away to another,
distribute, transport any dangerous drug.
• Use- The act of injecting, consuming, any dangerous drugs. The means of
introducing the dangerous drug into the physiological system of the body.
• Administer- The act of introducing any dangerous drug into the body of any person with or
without his knowledge.
• Manufacture- The production, preparation, compounding or processing a dangerous drug
either directly or indirectly or by extraction from substances of natural origin or by chemical
synthesis.
• Drug Experimenter- One who illegally, wrongfully, or improperly uses
any narcotics substances, marijuana or dangerous drugs as defined not more than a few times
for reasons of curiosity, peer pressure or
other similar reasons.
• Drug Syndicate - it is a network of evil. It is operated and manned
by willful criminals who knowingly traffic  human lives for the money.
Large sum of money, they can make in their illegal and nefarious trade.
The set results of their commerce are physical and mental cripples,
ruined lives, even agonizing death.
 DRUG ABUSE JARGONS

• “Opiate”- Narcotic
• “On-the-Nod’/“Nodding”- the state produced by opiates like being suspended on
the edge of sleep
• “Mainline’/“to shoot”-injecting a drug into the vein
• “A Hit”- the street slang for injection of drugs
• “Work”-an apparatus for injecting drug
• “A Fix”- one injection of opiate
• “Juni”-heroin
• “Junkie”- an opiate addict
• “Skin popping”- to inject a drug under the skin
• “A Bag”- a pocket of drug
• “Cold Turkey”-the withdrawal effect that occurs after a repeated opiate
• “Track”-scars on the skin left from the repeated injection of opiate
• “Overdose”-death occurs because the part of the brain that controls breathing
becomes paralyzed.
• “Speed”- amphetamines
• “Speed Freaks”-amphetamines addicts
• “Uppers”- street slang for amphetamines
• “Rush”- the beginning of a high
• “High”-under the influence of drugs
• “Coke”-street slang for cocaine
• “Flashback”-user can be thrown back into the drug experience months after
the original use of drugs
• “Acid”-slang term for LSD
• “Acid Head”- LSD user
• “Drop”- taking drug orally
• “Joint”-an MJ Cigar
• “Roach”-butt end of a joint
• “Stoned”-the intoxicating effect of a drug
• “Trip”-the name for the reaction that is caused by drugs
• “Head”-drug user
• “Downer”-street slang for depressant
WHAT ARE DRUGS?
• A drug, as defined, is a chemical substance used as a medicine or in
making medicines, which effects the body and mind and have
potential for abuse. Without an advice or prescription from a
physician, drugs can be harmful.
• Drugs also help person’s body and mind function better during an
illness.
• The practice of taking drugs without proper medicinal supervision is
called the non-medical use of drugs or drug abuse.
 TWO FORMS OF DRUGS
• Natural Drugs- include natural plant leaves, flowering tops, resin,
hashish, opium, and marijuana.

• Synthetic Drugs- produced by clandestine laboratories which

include those drugs that are controlled by law because they are used
medical practice.
A. THE PRESCRIPTIVE DRUGS

• These are drugs requiring written authorization from a doctor to

allow a purchase. They are prescribed according to the individuals
age, weight and height and should not be taken by anyone else.
The pharmacist should never allow the consumer to request them
knowingly without first consulting a doctor.
B. THE- OVER THE COUNTER- DRUGS (OTC)

• These are non-prescription medicines, which may be purchased from

any pharmacy or drugstore without written authorization from a
doctor. They are use to treat minor and short term illnesses and any
persistent condition should be immediately referred to a physician.
C. THE “SELF-MEDICATION SYNDROME”

• The “self-medication” syndrome is found in users and would be users

of drugs whose sources of information are people or literature other
than doctors, pharmacists and health workers.
HOW DRUGS WORK?
• Most drugs act within a cell, rather than on the surface of cell or in
the extracellular fluids of the body. Similar to normal body chemicals,
a drug enters a cell and participates in a few steps of the normal
sequence of a cellular process.

• When two (2) drugs are taken together or within a few hours of each
other they may interact with unexpected result. This is one reason a
physician should always know the names of all drugs one is using.
• The amount of drug in a dose can be described as:

1. Minimal dose- amount needed to treat or heal, that is, the

smallest amount of a drug that will produce a therapeutic effect.
2. Maximal dose- largest amount of a drug that will produce a
desired therapeutic effect, without any accompanying symptoms of
toxicity.
3. Toxic dose- amount of drug that produces untoward effects or
symptoms of poisoning.
4. Abusive dose- amount needed to produce the side effects and
action desired by an individual who improperly uses it.
5. Lethal dose- amount of drug that will cause death.
HOW DRUGS ARE ADMINISTERED?
• The common methods of administration are the following:
1. Oral- this is the safest most convenient and economical route whenever possible. There are
however , drug, which cannot administered this way because they are readily destroyed by the
digestive juices or because they irritate the mucous lining of the gastro-intestinal tract and induce
vomiting.
2. Injection- this form of drug administration offers a faster response than the method. It makes
use of a needle or other device to deliver the drugs directly into the body tissue and blood
circulation.
3. Inhalation- this route makes use of gaseous and volatile drugs, the mucous of the respiratory
tract.
4. Topical- this refers to the application of the drugs directly to a body site such as the skin and the
mucous membrane.
5. Iontophoresis- the introduction of drugs into the deeper layers of the skin by the use of
special type of electric current for local effect.
THE CONCEPT OF TOXICOLOGY
1. Overdose- when too much of a drug is taken, there may be an over extension of its
effects.
2. Allergy- some drugs cause the release of histamine giving rise to allergic symptoms
such as dermatitis, swelling, fall in blood pressure, suffocation and death.
3. Idiosyncrasy- for unexplained reasons, morphine, which sedates all men, stimulates
and renders some women are maniacal. Perhaps the phrase “catty woman” has
pharmacological basis since most mammals are sedated by morphine but some cats
become extremely excited by it.
4. General Protoplasmic Poison Property- drugs are chemicals and some of
them have the property of being general protoplasmic poisons.
5. Side Effects- some drugs are not receptions for one organ but receptors of other
organs as well. The effects in the other organ may constitute a side effect, which is
unwanted
• One or more of the following attributes characterizes drug addiction:

• 1. Compulsion/ uncontrollable craving- the addict feels a compulsive craving to take drug
repeatedly and tries to procure the same by any means.
• 2. Tolerance- it is the tendency to increase the dose of the drug to produce the same effect as to that
of the original effect.
• 3. Addiction- the addict is powerless to quit drug use.
• 4. Physical Dependence- the addict’s physiological functioning is altered. The body becomes sick,
inactive and incapable of carrying out useful activity in the absence of the drugs. The withdrawal
syndromes will occur once the drug use is stopped.
• 5. Psychological Dependence- Emotional and mental discomfort exist to the individual. The
drug addict feels he cannot do without the drug, consequently if he does not take the drug his mental
processes are affected. He can not carryout his work efficiently .
• 6. Withdrawal Syndrome- the addict becomes nervous and restless when he does not get the
drug. After about 12 hours, he starts sweating. His nose and eyes becomes watery and continue doing so
increasingly for another twelve hours. It is followed by vomiting, diarrhea, loss of appetite and sleep.
Respiration, blood pressure and body temperature also rises. This will continue up to three days. After
which, the trouble starts subsiding and most of it is gone in about a week’s time. Complete recovery takes
place in the three to six months.
UNDERLYING CAUSES/INFLUENCES OF DRUG ABUSE

A. Biological factors
B. Common Causation of drug abuse
C. Factors in youthful drug abuse
(Psychological, mental health, family conditions)
1. Motives and attitudes
2. Personality and pathology
3. Family background

D. The Psycho- Social factors

E. Other factors
F. The 7 Deadly sins- Primary causes of drug abuse
The 7 Deadly Sins- Primary Causes of Drug Abuse

1. Pride- excessive feeling of self-worth or self-esteem, sense of self-

importance.
2. Anger- unexpressed, deep-seated anger against himself, his family, his
friends or the society in general.
3. Lust- burning sexual desire can distort the human mind to drug abuse.
4. Gluttony- “food trip” in the lingo of junkies
5. Greed- wealth, fame, recognition as exemplified by people under pressure in
their work of art, such as musicians, actors, athletes who indulge in drug abuse.
6. Envy- to get attention from someone: as a sign of protest envy is a major
cause of drug abuse.
7. Laziness- “ I can’t syndrome”, incapacity to achieve the breeding ground of
drug abuse. Boredom coupled with poor self-image.
 HOW ADDICTION IS ACQUIRED?

The drug habit is acquired in three (3) ways:

1. Association
2. Experimentation
3. Inexperienced doctors
Addiction may be acquired through:
1. Habituation- closely related to euphoric effect, and the relief of pain or emotional
discomfort.
2. Toleration- the necessity to increase the dose to obtain an effect equivalent to the
original dose.
3. Dependence- the altered physiological state brought about by the repeated
administration of the drug, which necessitates the continued use of the drug to avoid
withdrawal syndrome.
 IDENTIFICATION OF DRUG ABUSER
1. Change in interest- they lose interest in their studies and in their work. They fail
in school, shift from one course to another, transfer of school of lower standard
until eventually drop out.
2. Frequent shifting of mood- they are euphoric, elated and sometimes even
ecstatic when under the influence of drugs. They would be indifferent, irritable
and even hostile when the effect of drug is waning from the system.
3. Changes in behavior- they usually spend a lot. They are usually in the company
of known drug users in the community. They come home late; they become
disrespectful and would sell personal or family valuables.
4. Changes in physical appearance- if they can be seen while still under the
influence of drugs the following can be noted:
a. They know the lingo of the abusers
b. Presence of linear scar in the arms, forearms and abdomen
c. Lobule of left ear punctured and some of the males even wear earrings
 PROCESS OF DETECTING DRG ABUSERS

a. Observation
b. History taking
c. Laboratory examination
d. Psychiatric evaluation
PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS

a. Intelligence Test- the test is designed to cover a wide variety of mental

functions with special emphasis on adjustment comprehension and reasoning.
b. Personality Test- this type of test is used to evaluate the character and
personality traits of an individual such as his emotional adjustment, interpersonal
relation, motivation and attitude.
c. Aptitude- this test is to measure the readiness with which the individual increases
his knowledge and improves skills when given the necessary opportunity and training.
d. Interest Test- this is designed to reveal the field of interest that a client will be
interested in.
e. Psychic Evaluation- it is a process whereby a team of professionals composed
of psychiatrist, psychologists, psychiatric social workers conduct an examination to
determine whether or not a patient is suffering from psychiatric disorder.
 •VICE DRUG
EDUCATION AND
CONTROL
PRELIM COVERAGE
What are the Group Classification of Drug Abuse?

1. Situational Users- those who use drugs to keep them awake or for
additional energy to perform an important work.
2. Spree Users- school age users who take drugs for “kicks”, an
adventurous daring experience, or as a means of fun.
3. Hard Core Addicts- those, whose activities revolve almost entirely
around the drug experience and securing supplies.
4. Hippies- those who are addicted to drugs believing that drug is an
integral part of life.
A. THE 1ST IMPORTANT DRUG TRAFFIC ROUTE

Middle East- discovery, plantation, cultivation

Turkey- preparation for contribution

Europe- manufacture, synthesis, refine

U.S.- marketing
B. THE 2ND MAJOR TRAFFIC ROUTE
1. Drugs that Originates from the “Golden Triangle”

Burma/ Myanmar

Laos Thailand
2. Drugs that originates from the “Golden Crescent”
(South and Western Asia)

• Iran
• Afghanistan
• Pakistan
• India
 SILVER TRINGLE
The South American region, historically known to be a
major illegal drug production area.

PERU
COLOMBIA
BOLIVIA
 C. World’s Drug Scene
1. Southeast Asia- the “Golden Triangle” approximately produce 60% of opium
in the world, 90% percent of opium in the eastern part of Asia. It is also the
officially acknowledge source of Southeast Asian heroin.

2. Southwest Asia- the “Golden Crescent” is the major supplier of opium

poppy, MJ and heroin products in the western part of Asia. It produce at least
85% to 90% off all illicit heroin channeled in the drug underworld market.

3. Middle East- the Becka Valley of Lebanon is the biggest producer of cannabis
in the Middle East. Lebanon is also considered as the transit country for
cocaine from South America European markets.
4. Spain- major transshipment point for international drug traffickers in
Europe- known as “the paradise of drug users in Europe”.

5. South America- Colombia, Peru, Uruguay and Panama are the

sources of all cocaine supply in the worlds.

6. Morocco- the number one producer of cannabis in the world. (2003

to 2006)
7. Philippines- the major transshipment point for the worldwide
distribution of illegal drugs such as shabu and cocaine from Taiwan and
South America. The second world’s supplier of MJ and the drug
paradise of drug abusers in Asia.

8. India- center of the world’s drug map, leading to rapid addiction

among its people.

9. Indonesia- Northern Sumatra has traditionally been the main

cannabis growing area in Indonesia. Bali Indonesia is an important
transit point for drugs end route to Australia and New Zealand.
10. Singapore, Malaysia, and Thailand- the most favorable sites of drug
distribution from the “Golden Triangle” and other parts of Asia.

11. China- the transit route for heroin from “Golden Triangle” to H.K.

12. Hong Kong- the world’s transshipment point of all forms of heroin.

13. Japan- the major consumer of cocaine and shabu from U.S. and
Europe.
 D. Organized Crime Groups Behind the Global Drug
Scene
Columbian Medellin Cartel
Founded during 1980’s by Colombian drug lords in the name of Pablo Escobar
Gaviria and drug bosses Jose Gonzalo Rodriguez Gacha and the top aid cocaine
barons Juan David and Ochoa Brothers.
The Medellin Cartel is reputedly responsible for organizing world’s drug trafficking
network.

Cali Cartel
The Cartel produces over 90% of Cocaine in the world. The downfall of the
Columbian Medellin Cartel is the rise of the Cali Cartel- the newly emerged cocaine
monopoly. Gilberto Rodriguez Orajuela- Don Chepe- “ the chess player” heads the
syndicated organization. Under him the Cali Cartel was considered the most powerful
criminal organization in the world.
 The Chinese Triad

The Chinese Triad is also called the Chinese Mafia- the oldest and
biggest criminal organization in the world. It is believed to be the
controller of the “ Golden Triangle”
 DRUG SYNDICATES IN THE
PHILIPPINES
The Binondo-based Chinese syndicate has been identified as the
nucleus of the Triad Society, the Bamboo gang based in Taiwan and the
14K based in Hong Kong. The Bamboo Gang is the influence of the
Green Gang of the Chinese Triad while the 14K is the newest among the
triads families established only in 1947.
Green Gang (a Chinese secret society and criminal organization, which
was prominent in criminal, social and political activity in Shanghai
during the early to mid 20th century)
 THE DANGEROUS DRUGS

A. According to Effects
1. Depressants- those that depress the CNS
2. Stimulants – those that stimulate the CNS
3. Hallucinogens- those that distort perception, mind; alter moods
B. According to Medical Pharmacology

1. Depressants
2. Narcotics
3. Tranquilizers
4. Hallucinogens
5. Solvents/Inhalants
The Depressants (Downers)
These are group of drugs, which suppress vital body functions
especially those of the brain or central nervous system with the
resulting impairment of judgement, hearing , speech and muscular
coordination. They dull the minds, deaths an/or suicides usually
happen. They include the narcotics , barbiturates, tranquilizers, alcohol
and other volatile solvents. These drugs, when taken in, generally
decrease both the mental and the physical activities of the body. They
cause depression, relieve pain and induce sedation or sleep and
suppress cough.
• 1. Narcotics – are drugs, which relieve pain and produce profound
sleep stupor. Medically, they are potent painkillers, cough depressants
and as an active component of anti-diarrheal derivatives like
morphine, codeine and heroin, as well as the synthetic opiates,
meperidine and methadone, are classified as narcotics.
• 2. Opium – derived from a poppy plant-Papaver somniferum
popularly known as “gum”, “gamot”, “kalamay” or “panocha”.
• 3. Morphine – most commonly used and best used opiate. Effective
as a painkiller six times potent than opium, with a high dependence –
producing potential. Morphine exerts action characterized by
analgesia drowsiness, mood changes, and mental clouding.
• 4. Heroin- is three to five times more powerful than morphine from
which it is derive and the most addicting opium derivative. With
continued use, addiction occurs within 14 days. It maybe sniffed on
swallowed but it is usually injected in the veins.
• 5. Codeine- a derivative of morphine , commonly available in cough
preparations. This cough medicines have been widely abuse by the
young whenever hard narcotics are difficult to obtain. Withdrawal
symptoms are less severe than other drugs.
• 6. Paregoric- a tincture of opium in combination with camphor.
Commonly used as a household remedy for diarrhea and abdominal
pain.
• 7. Demerol and Methadone- common synthetic drugs with morphine-
like effects. Demerol is widely used an a painkiller in childbirth while ,
Methadone is the drug of choice in the withdrawal treatment of heroin
dependents since it relieves the physical craving for heroin.
• 8.Barbiturates- are drugs use for inducing sleep in persons plagued
with anxiety, mental stress, and insomnia. They are also of value in the
treatment of epilepsy and hypertension. They are available in capsules,
pills or tablets, and taken orally or injected.
• 9. Seconal- commonly used among hospitality girls. Sudden withdrawal
from these drugs is even more dangerous than opiate withdrawal. The
dependent develops generalized convulsions and delirium, which are
frequently associated with heart and respiratory failure.
• 10. Tranquillizers- are drugs that calm and relax and diminish anxiety.
They are used in the treatment of nervous states and some mental
disorders without producing sleep.
• 11. Volatile Solvents- gaseous substances popularly known to abusers
as “gas”, “teardrops”. Examples are plastic glues, hair spray, finger nail
polish, lighter fluid, rugby, pain, thinner, acetone, turpentine, gasoline,
kerosene, varnishes and other aerosol products. They are inhaled by
the use plastic bags, handkerchief or rags soaked in these chemicals.
• 12. Alcohol- the king of all drugs with potential for abuse. Most widely
use, socially accepted and most extensively legalized drug throughout
the world. In the field of medicine, it is “valuable” as disinfectant, as
an external remedy for reducing high fever among children, and as
preservative and solvent for pharmaceutical preparations like elixirs,
spirits and tincture.
THE STIMULANTS (UPPERS)

They produce effects opposite to that of depressants.

Instead of bringing about relaxation and sleep, they produce
increased mental alertness, wakefulness, reduce hunger, and
provide a feeling of well being. Their medical users include
Narcolepsy- a condition characterized by an overwhelming
desire to sleep. Abrupt withdrawal of the drug from the
heavy abuser can result in a deep and suicidal depression.
1. Amphetamines- used medically for weight reducing in obesity, relief
of mild depression and treatment.
2. Cocaine- taken orally, injected or sniffed as to achieve euphoria or
an intense feeling of “highness”.
3. Caffeine- it is present in coffee, tea, chocolate, cola drinks, and
some wake-up pills.
4. Shabu/ “poor man’s cocaine”- chemically known as
methamphetamine. It is a central nervous system stimulant and
sometimes called “upper” or “speed”.
5. Nicotine- an active component in tobacco, which acts as a powerful
stimulant of the central nervous system. A drop of pure nicotine can
easily kill a person.
The Hallucinogens (Psychedelic)
Consist of a variety of mind-altering drugs, which space and
sensation. The user experiences hallucination (false perception), which
at times can be strange.

1. Marijuana- It is the most commonly abused hallucinogen in the

Philippines because it can be grown extensively in the country.
Many users choose to smoke marijuana for relaxation in the same
way people drink beer or cocktail at the of the day.
2. Lysergic acid Diethylamide (LSD)- This drug is the most powerful of
the psychedelics obtained from ergot, a fungus that attacks rye
kernels. LSD is 1,000 times more powerful than marijuana.
3. Peyote- Is derived from the surface part of a small gray brown
cactus. Peyote emits a nauseating odor and its user suffers from
nausea.
4. Mescaline- It is the alkaloid hallucinogen extracted from the peyote
cactus and can also be synthesized in the laboratory. It produces less
nausea than peyote and shows effects resembling those of LSD
although milder in nature. One to two hours after the drug is taken in a
liquid or powder form, delusions begin to occur.
5. STP- It is a take-off on the motor oil additive. It is a chemical
derivative of mescaline claimed to produce more violent and longer
effects than mescaline dose.
6. Psilocybin- This hallucinogenic alkaloid from small Mexican
mushrooms are used by Mexican Indians today. These mushrooms
induced nausea, muscular relaxation, mood changes with visions of
bright colors and shapes, and other hallucinations. These effects may
last for four to five hours and later to be followed by laziness,
depressions, and complete loss of time and space perception.
7. Morning Glory Seeds- The black and brown seeds of the wild tropical
morning glory that are used to produced hallucinations. The seeds are
ground into flour, soaked in cold water, then strained though a cloth
and drunk. They are sold under the names of “heavenly blues”, “flying
dancers”, and “pearly gates”
 Commonly Abused Drugs
1. Sedatives- drugs which reduce anxiety and excitement such as
barbiturates, non-barbiturates, tranquilizers and alcohol.
2. Stimulants- drugs which increase alertness and cavity such as
amphetamines, cocaine and caffeine.
3. Hallucinogens/Psychedelics- drugs which affect sensation, thinking,
self-awareness and emotion.
4. Narcotics- drugs that relieve pain and often induce sleep. The
opiates, which are narcotics, include opium and drugs derived from
opium, such as morphine, codeine and heroin.
PEYOTE
MEXICAN MUSHROOM
MORNING GLORY SEEDS
ERGOT
MIDTERM
APPROCHES TO THE DRUG PROBLLEM

The Major approaches:

A. The Law Enforcement Approach

B. The Treatment and Rehabilitation Approach
C. The Educational Approach
D. The International Efforts Against Drug Abuse
 The Law Enforcement Approach

The Philippine government considers drug abuse as a multi-faceted

problem that threatens the health and well being of the Filipinos
across all levels of society. This is the major arm of the government in
its law enforcement approaches that derived from the supply and
demand reduction strategies.
RA 9165 - commonly known as The Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs
Act of 2002. (Approved on June 7, 2002- It took effect on July 4, 2002).

  
 UNLAWFUL ACTS PENALTY

Importation of Dangerous and/ or Controlled Precursors Life Imprisonment to Death and a fine ranging from
and Essential Chemicals (sec. 4) P500,000 to P10million

Sale, Trading, Administration, Dispensation, Delivery, Life Imprisonment to Death and a fine ranging from
Distribution and Transportation of Dangerous Drugs and/ P500,000 to P10million
or Controlled Precursors and Essential Chemicals (sec. 5)

Maintenance of a Den, Dive or Resort where dangerous Life Imprisonment to Death and a fine ranging from
drugs are used or sold in any form (sec. 6) P500,000 to P10million

Being an employee or visitor of a den, dive or resort(sec.7) Imprisonment ranging from 12 years and 1 day to 20 years
and a fine ranging from P100,000 to P500,000.

Manufacture of dangerous drugs and or controlled Life imprisonment to death and fine ranging from
Precursors and Essential Chemicals (sec. 8) P500,000 TO P10,million.

Illegal chemical diversion of control precursors and Imprisonment ranging from 12 years and 1 day to 20 years
essential chemical (sec. 9) and 1 day to 20 years and a fine ranging from P100,000 to
P500,000.
Manufacture or Delivery of Equipment, Instrument, Imprisonment ranging from 12 years and 1 day to 20
Apparatus and other Paraphernalia for Dangerous Drugs years and 1 day to 20 years and a fine ranging from
and/ or Controlled Precursors and Essential Chemicals P100,000 to P500,000.
(sec.10)

Possession of Dangerous Drugs (sec. 11) Life Imprisonment to Death and a fine ranging from
P500,000 to P10million

Possession of Equipment, Instrument, Apparatus and Imprisonment ranging from 6 months and 1 day to 4 years
other Paraphernalia for Dangerous Drugs (sec. 12) and a fine ranging from P10,000 to P50,000

Possession of Dangerous Drugs during Parties, Social The maximum penalties provided for Sec. 11.
Gatherings or Meetings (sec. 13), and Possession of
Equipment, Instrument, Apparatus and other
Paraphernalia for Dangerous Drugs during Parties, Social
Gathering or Meetings (sec. 14)

Use of Dangerous Drugs (sec. 15) Minimum 6 months rehabilitation (1st offense),
Imprisonment ranging from 6 years and 1 day to 12 years
and a fine ranging from P50,000 to P200, 000 (2nd Offense)
Cultivation of Plants classified as dangerous drugs or Life Imprisonment to Death and a fine ranging from
are sources thereof (sec. 16) P500,000 to P10million

Failure to comply with the maintenance and keeping Imprisonment ranging from 1 year and 1 day to 6
of the original records of transaction on any years and a fine ranging from P10,000 to 50,000 Plus
dangerous drugs and/ or controlled precursors and revocation of license to practice profession.
Essential Chemicals on the part of practioners,
manufacturers, wholesalers, importers, distributors,
dealers or retailers (sec.17)

Unnecessary Prescription of Dangerous Drugs (sec. 18) Imprisonment ranging from 12 years and 1 day to 20
years and a fine ranging from P100,000 to P500,000.
Plus revocation of license to practice profession.

Unlawful Prescription of Dangerous Drugs (sec.19) Life Imprisonment to Death and a fine ranging from
P500,000 to P10million
 THE UNLAWFUL ACTS PUNISHABLE BY DEATH PENALTY
(PIOR TO THE ABOLISTION OF DEATH PENALTY)

1. Importation or bringing into the Philippines of dangerous drugs using

diplomatic passport or facilities or any means involving his/ her official
status to facilitate unlawful entry of the same (sec 4, Art II).

2. Upon any person who organizes, manages or acts as “financiers” of any of

the activities involving dangerous drugs (sec 4,5,6,8 Art II)

3. Sale, Trading, Administration, Dispensation, Delivery, Distribution and

transportation of Dangerous Drugs and/ or Controlled Precursors and
Essential Chemicals with in 100 meters from the school (sec 5, Art II)
4. Drug pushers who use minors or mentally incapacitated individuals
as runners, couriers and messengers or in any other capacity directly
connected to the dangerous drug trade (sec 5, Art II)

5. If the victim of the offense is a minor or mentally incapacitated

individual, or should a dangerous drug and/or controlled precursors
and essential chemical involved in the offense be the proximate cause
of death of the victim (sec 5, Art II)

6. When dangerous drug is administered, delivered or sold to a minor

who is allowed to use the same in such a place (sec 6, Art II)
7. Upon any person who uses a minor or mentally incapacitated
individual to deliver equipment, instrument, apparatus and other
paraphernalia for dangerous drugs (sec. 10, Art II)

8. Possession of dangerous drugs during Parties, Social Gatherings or

Meetings (sec. 13), and Possession of Equipment, Instrument,
Apparatus and other Paraphernalia for Dangerous Drugs during
Parties,, Social Gatherings or Meetings (sec. 14)
 WHAT IS THE DANGEROUS DRUG
BOARD (DDB)?

The DDB is the policy-making body and strategy-making body in the planning and formulation of policies
and programs on drug prevention and control. (under the Office of the President) (sec. 77, Art IX)

Establishing the proper intelligence network has been inherent task given by the law to PDEA in
coordination with the following support units: The PNP AIDSOTF, the NBI AIDTF, the Customs Task
Force in Dangerous Drugs and Controlled Chemicals along with other government and non-government
entities dedicated to curb the drug problem.
 The late President Ferdinand E. Marcos, organized the Dangerous
      Drugs Board on November 14, 1972 under the Office of the President.

      National Agencies Forming Part of the Dangerous Drugs Board

      1. DOH  - Department of Health
      2. DSWD - Department of Social Welfare and Development
      3. DECS - Department of Education, Culture and Sports
      4. DOJ  - Department of Justice
      5. DND  - Department of National Defense
      6. DOF  - Department of Finance
      7. DILG - Department of the Interior and Local Government
      8. DOLE - Department of Labor and Employment
      9. DFA  - Department of Foreign Affairs
      10.CHED - Commission on Higher Education
      11.NYC  - National Youth Commission
      12.PDEA - Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency

      Permanent Consultants of the DDB

      1. Director of the NBI

      2. Chief of the PNP
DDB Composition:

17 members (3 as permanent, 12 as ex-officio, 2 regular members) (sec. 78,

Art IX)
3 permanent members- to be appointed by the President, one to be the
Chairman.
12 ex officio members:
Secretary of DOJ, DOH, DND, DOF, DOLE, DILG, DSWD, DFA, and DepEd,
Chairman of CHED, NYC, and the Dir. Gen of PDEA.
2 regular members: President of the IBP, and the Pres/ Chairman of an NGO
involved in a dangerous drug campaign to be appointed by the President.
The NBI Director the Chief of the PNP- permanent consultant of the Board.
 What are the Powers and Duties of the DDB?
(sec. 81, Art IX)

1. Formulation of Drug Prevention and Control Strategy,

2. Promulgation of Rules and regulation to carry out the purposes of this
Act,
3. Conduct policy studies and researches.
4. Develop educational programs and info drive,
5. Conduct continuing seminars and consultations,
6. Design special training,
7. Coordination with agencies for community service programs,
8. Maintain international networking.
WHAT IS PDEA?
PDEA means Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency.

• It is the implementing arm of the DDB and responsible for the efficient and
effective law enforcement of all the provisions on any dangerous drugs and/
or precursors and essential chemical.
HEAD: Director General- appointed by the President

Assisted By: 2 Deputies Director General (one for Admin, another for
Opns)- appointed by the President (sec. 82, Art IX)

PDEA Operating Units:

It absorbed the NDLE- PCC ( created under E.O. 61), NARCOM
Narcotics Interdiction Unit (sec. 86, Art IX).
 WHAT ARE THE POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF
THE PDEA? (sec. 84, Art, IX)

1. Cause the effective and efficient implementation of the national drug

control strategy,
2. Enforcement of the provisions of Art II of this Act,
3. Undertake investigation, make arrest ad apprehension of violators seizure
and confiscation of dangerous drugs,
4. Establish forensic laboratories,
5. Filing of appropriate drug cases,
6. Conduct eradication programs,
7. Maintain a national drug intelligence system,
8. Close coordination with local and international drug agencies.
 Anti-Drug Drives and Operational Concepts

1. Oplan Thunderbolt 1 – operation to create impact to underworld.

2. Oplan Thunderbolt 2 - operations to neutralize suspected illegal

drug laboratories.

3. Oplan Thunderbolt 3 – Operations for the neutralization of big time

drug pusher’s drug dealers and drug lords.

4. Oplan Iceberg – Special operations team in selected drug prone

areas in order to get rid of illegal drugs activities in the area.
5. Oplan Hunter – operations against suspected military and police
personnel who are engage illegal drugs activities.

6. Oplan Mercurion – Operations against drug stores, which are

violating existing regulations on the scale of regulated drugs in
coordination with the DDP, DOH and BFAD.

7. Oplan Tornado – Operations in drug notorious and high profile

places.

8. Oplan Greengold – nation wide MJ eradication operations in

coordination with the local governments and NGO’s.
9. Oplan Sagip-Yagit – A civic program initiated by NGO’s and local government
offices to help eradicate drug syndicates involving street children as drug
conduct.

10. Oplan Banat – the newest operation plan against drug abuse focused in the
barangay level in cooperation with barangay officials.

11. Oplan Anthena – operation conducted to neutralize the 14k, the Bamboo
gangs and other local organized crimes group involved in illegal drug trafficking.

12. Oplan Cyclops – operations against Chinese triad members involved in the
illegal drug operations particularly Methamphetamine Hydrocloride.
In the conduct of anti-drug operations, the following must be strictly considered:

1. Respect for Human Rights (sec. 11, Art. 2, Phil. Constitution)

2. Respect for right of the people to due process and equal protection (sec. 1,
Art. 3, Phil. Constitution)
3. Respect of right of the people against unreasonable search and seizure. (sec.
2, Art. 3, Phil. Constitution).
4. Respect for fight of the people to privacy of communication (sec. 3, Art. 3,
Phil. Constitution).
5. Respect for constitutional rights of the accused undergoing custodial
investigation (RA 7438), (sec. 12, At. 3, Phil. Constitution).
6. Respect for the statutory rights of the accused undergoing custodial
investigation (RA 7438)
THE PRINCIPLES OF DRUG OPERATIONS ARE:

1. Knowledge on circumstances on when to use necessary force (Art.

11, Chapter 3, RPC).
2. Knowledge on the statutory provisions on arrest (Rule 113, Rules on
Criminal Procedures)
3. Knowledge on the administrative guidelines on arrest, search and
seizure.
4. The Miranda Doctrine (384 U.S. 346)
5. Warrantless Search and Search incidental to lawful arrest (Rule 126,
Rules on Criminal Procedure).
 NATIONAL CAMPAIGN STRATEGIES
1. DEMAND REDUCTION STRATEGY- refers to the concept of keeping the potential users away from drugs.
- preventive education and information campaigns to prevent further demand of society particularly the youth.
- Treatment and rehabilitation of drug dependents.
Intended Programs

         a. Preventive Education

         b. Sports Development
         c. Moral and Spiritual Values Recovery
         d. Treatment and Rehabilitation

2. SUPPLY REDUCTION STRATEGY- which refers to the concept of keeping the drugs away from the potential drug users.
- Dangerous Drug Law Enforcement
- Judicial and Legislative measures

Intended Programs

         a. Law Enforcement

         b. Amendments of the Law
5 Pillars of Global Drug Control Approach

      1. Drug Supply Reduction

      2. Drug Demand Reduction
      3. Alternative Development
      4. Civic Awareness and Response
      5. Regional and International Cooperation
Operational Plans Against the Drug Problem

1. Oplan Thunderbolt 1 – operations to create impact to the

underworld.
2. Oplan Thunderbolt 2 – operations to neutralize suspected illegal
drug laboratories.
3. Oplan Thunderbolt 3 – operations to neutralization of big time
drugs pushers, drug dealers and drug lords.
4. Oplan Iceberg – special operations team in selected drug prone
areas in order to get rid of illegal drug activities in the area.
5. Oplan Hunter – operations against suspected military and police
personnel who are engaged in illegal drug activities.
6. Oplan Mercurio – operations against drugs stores, which are violating
existing regulations on the scale of regulated drugs in coordination with
the DDB/DOH and BFAD.
7. Oplan Tornado – operation in drug notorious and high profile place.
8. Oplan Greengold – nationwide MJ eradication operations in
coordination with the local governments and NGO’s.
9. Oplan Sagip-Yagit - A civic program initiated by NGO’s and local
government offices to help eradicate drug syndicates involving street
children as drug conducts.
10. Oplan Banat – the newest operational plan against drug abuse
focused in the barangay level in cooperation with barangay officials.
RULES ON NARCOTICS OPERATIONS

General Rules and Procedures:

1. Only specially trained and competent drug enforcement personnel

shall conduct drug enforcement and prevention operations.
2. All drug enforcement and prevention operations shall be covered by
a Pre-Operations report.
3. All steps taken before, during and after the conduct of the operation
must be documented and properly authenticated.
4. Operating units shall promptly submit written a report after the
operation.

5. No apprehended and seized item shall be released without

authorization from the duly designated authority.

6. All pieces of evidence confiscated will be deposited with proper

Evidence Custodian for safekeeping and proper handling.

7. Each participating element must be given clear and do-able task.

 COVERAGE OF THE RULES
1. Coverage: The rules covers the following anti-narcotics operations.
a. Buy-bust Operations
b. Search with warrant
c. MJ Eradication
d. Mobile Check point Operations
e. Airport/ Seaport Interdiction
f. Controlled delivery
g. Undercover Operations
h. Narcotics Investigation
2. Stages of Operations:

Phase I- Initial stage

Planning and preparations which include surveillance, casing,
reconnaissance and other preliminary activities.
Conduct the Operation
Phase II- Action and post- action stage

 Tactical interrogation (follow-up operation)

 Post operation
 Custodial Investigation
 Prosecution
 Trial
 Resolution
BUY-BUST OPERATIONS

a. Concept: It is a form of entrapment employed by peace officers as

an effective way of apprehending a criminal in the act of the
commission of the offense
b. Planning and Preparation: The operation must be preceded by an
intensive surveillance, casing, or other intelligence operations and
gathering, evaluation and timely dissemination. Intelligence must
be evidence based and shall be supported by documents such as
summaries of info, maps, sketches, affidavits and sworn
statements.
SEARCH FOR DRUG EVIDENCE WITH WARRANT

a. Concept: A search warrant is an order in writing issued in the

name of the People of the Philippines, signed by a judge and
directed to a peace officer, commanding him to search for personal
property described therein and bring it before the court. (sec. 1,
Rule 126, Revised Rules of Court)
a. Planning and Preparation:

1. Prior to the procurement of search warrant, intensive intelligence data

gathering must be undertaken, evidence-based and supported by credible
documents.
2. Conduct of surveillance, casing, and other intelligence operations.
3. Identification, movement activities and location of suspects should be
established.
4. Search warrant shall be applied with competent court
5. Conduct of Operation
6. Submission of reports
Marijuana Eradication

a. Concept: Marijuana eradication involves the location and

destruction of marijuana plantations, including the identification,
arrest and prosecution of the planter, owner or cultivator, and the
escheating of the land where the plantations are located.
b. Planning and Preparation: The planning and operation
shall be preceded by intelligence gathering to verify the existence of
marijuana plantation and the existence to be supported by
documentary evidence such as summary of information, maps,
sketches, photographs and others. The intelligence gathering must
be appropriately documented by pre- operations orders and after-
casing reports.
C. Conduct of Operation:

1. Briefing, rehearsals, and proper formations.

2. Exact location of the plantation must be established.
3. Identify owner of the land or the cultivators.
4. Coordination with other operating units in the area.
5. Barangay eradication team should be organized.
6. Strict compliance with SOP under Rules of Opns.
Mobile Checkpoint Operations

a. Concept: No other forms of checkpoints other than mobile

checkpoints are authorized for drug enforcement and prevention
operations. They shall be established only in conjunction with on-
going operations/ situation or when there is a need to arrest a
criminal.
b. Planning and Operation: Intensive intelligence gathering supported
by credible documents, with proper pre-operations orders and
after surveillance or casing reports.
c. Conduct of Operations: Shall be in consonance with the existing
SOPs on checkpoint operations.
Airport and Seaport Interdiction
a. Concept: Airport and seaport interdiction involves the conduct of surveillance,
interception and interdiction of persons and evidence during travel by air or sea vessels.

b. Planning and Operation: Intensive intelligence gathering supported by credible

documents, with proper pre-operations orders and after surveillance or after casing
reports.

c. Conduct of Operations:
1. Coordination with airport and seaport authorities.
2. Operations shall be in consonance with the existing SOPs on airport and seaport
check/operations.
Controlled Delivery
a. concept: This is the technique of allowing illicit or suspect
consignment of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances or
substances substituted for them to pass out of, through or into the
territory of one or more countries, with the knowledge and under
the supervision of their competent authorities with a view to
identifying persons involved in the commission of drug related
offenses. International cooperation in facilitating the controlled
delivery of drugs is considered the most effective means to
neutralize transnational criminal syndicate.
b. Planning and Operation: Intensive intelligence gathering and evaluation
to determine the applicability of controlled delivery operation. It must be
supported by credible document, with proper pre-operation orders and
after surveillance or after casing reports. A controlled delivery operation.

c. Conduct of Operation:
1.Proper formation for accounting of personnel.
2. Coordination with airport, seaport and other travel agency authorities.
3. Operation shall be in consonance with the existing SOPs on controlled
delivery operations.
Undercover Operations
a. Concept: Undercover operation is an investigative technique in which the personnel involve
assumes different identities in order to obtain the necessary information. This technique may also
be considered as a method of surveillance.

b. Planning and Operation: Undercover operations shall be resorted to only under circumstances
where evidence can be hardly obtained in an open investigation or when an open investigation is
unsuccessful.

c. Conduct of Operations
1. Proper briefing and rehearsals.
2. Identification of effective cover and undercover.
3. Buy-bust or search with warrant operations.
4. Operations shall be in consonance with the existing SOPs on Undercover operations.
Narcotic Investigation
a. Concept: Narcotic investigation is a necessary tool employed by
drug enforcement agencies in building up relevant and competent
evidence, which are vital in the development of a drug case. Several
investigative techniques may be utilized for the successful
attainment of the operation. This include but not limited to use of
informants, interviewing, interrogation, surveillance operations and
undercover operations.
b. Planning and Operation: The most effective way of investigative
technique or combination of two or more or all techniques under a
given situation and setting that shall be determined by considering
the magnitude of drug law violations.
c. The conduct of investigation shall follow the basic steps in criminal
investigation and direction. The application of the following:

1. Initial Investigation
2. Tactical Investigation (Follow-up)
3. Post Operations
4. Custodial Investigation
5. After Investigation and Inquest
6. Prosecution and filing of the case
7. Trial of the case
VICE
DRUG EDUCATION
AND CONTROL

PREFINAL COVERAGE
 THE TREATMENT AND REHABILITATION APPROACH

1. Treatment- the medical service rendered to a client for the effective

management of physical and mental conditions related to drug abuse.

Aims of treatment
a. To prevent death from overdose.
b. To treat complications following drug dependency.
c. To make them comfortable during the withdrawal period.
d. To encourage confirmed drug dependent clients to undergo
rehabilitation and other specialized services.
Detoxification- it is a medically supervised elimination
of drugs from the system of any addicted person.

Methods of Detoxification includes:

1. Cold Turkey
2. Substitution- the use of methodex, catapres, haemasin,
dextropropoxyphene, tranquilizer, etc.
3. Reduction Method- using the same drug to which the patient is
dependent. The process could be gradual or rapid.
4. Acupuncture
2. Rehabilitation- the dynamic process directed towards the
physical, emotional/ psychological, vocational, social and spiritual
change to prepare a person for fullest life compatible with his
capabilities and potentialities, and render him able to become a law
abiding and productive member of the community without abusing
drugs.

Objectives:
To restore an individual to a state where he is physical,
psychologically and socially capable of coping with the same problems
as to others of hid age group and able to avail of the opportunity to live
a happy, useful and productive life without abusing drugs.
Modalities:
a. Multi-disciplinary Team Approach
b. Therapeutic Community Approach
c. Primal Scream Therapy
d. Spiritual Approach
e. Eclectic Approach
f. The 12 Steps of AA/ NA (alcohol anonymous, narcotics anonymous)
 METHODS
OF REHABILITATION
1. Psychotherapeutic Methods

a. Individual Therapy-
This involves a one to one
relationship whose aim is to
help the patient reduce his
drug abusing behavior and
develop insight into his
condition.
b. Group Therapy-

This is a form of therapy where the

individual is helped through group
process. Each member of the group
receives immediate feedback from the
other members regarding his verbal and
other forms of behavior. Group support
and encouragement are given to the
subject on the premise that these are
effective devices, which can produce
positive results toward behavioral
modification.
c. Unstructured Group
Therapy- The role of the
therapist can be assumed by the
entire group or group members. In
the therapeutic community, group
therapy is commonly used, among
others, through (a) group
encounter, (b) verbal haircut
(tongue lashing reprimand), (c)
group games, and (d) family
encounters.
The Family Therapy-
This form of intervention is
based on recognition that while
the family as a primary social
unit, can be a source of problem
leading to drug abuse, can also
be a powerful factor in
improving the behavior of the
drug dependent.
2. The Spiritual and
Religious Means-
development of
moral and spiritual
values of the user.
3. The follow up and After- Care
The process of rehabilitation does not end upon the release or discharged
of client from a center. After his discharge, he has to undergo follow-up and
after-care services for a period for a period of not more than 18 months by
the appropriate center personnel. The Department of Social Welfare and
Development (DSWD) and National Bureau of Investigation (NBI) are
deputized agents of the board to handle this.
The Social Worker of the receiving entity assigned to the case shall
maintain a close contact with the client, family, the accredited physician
attending to the case, and the police, for the purpose of assisting the client
maintain his progress towards adjusting to his new environment. He shall also
see to it that a regular laboratory examination of the client’s body fluids is
made to ensure that the client remains drug-free.
Duration of Rehabilitation- If the patient is found to
be an opiate abuser, the treatment prescribed shall be
for a period of not less than (6) months.

Criteria of Rehabilitation
a. The patient achieves a drug-free existence.
b. He becomes adjusted to the community.
c. Socially integrated to the community.
d. The client is not involved in socially deviant behaviors.
THE EDUCATIONAL APPROACHES

Drug Abuse Prevention Education

Drug abuse prevention education is concerned
with bringing about changes in the people’s
knowledge, attitudes and practices towards drug
abuse.
KNOWN STRATEGIES IN DRUG ABUSE PEVENTION

1. Drug Education
2. Drug Information
3. Alternatives
4. Interventions
1. Drug Education- learning situations during
seminar workshops, symposiums and lecture
forums, which take up values clarification,
leadership training, coping skills and decision-
making. It is a movement, which utilizes humanistic
techniques in both school-based and community
oriented drug abuse prevention programs.
2. Drug Information- It is an activity, which focused on the
dissemination of basic facts of the causes and effects of drug
abuse with the objective of creating awareness and vigilance
of the people in the community.

It includes the following information drive activities:

a. Youth-Adult Communication
-parent-youth dialogues
-family encounters
b. Info- Oriented Classroom/ Community Activities
-Consent in the school/ community essay, slogans,
posters, cartoon, play writing.

c. Broadcast Media: TV/ Radio of Printed

-plugs, films, slides, spot announcement, music
programming, newsletter, comics, leaflets/ brochures,
magazines, other publications.
3. Alternatives- this includes a number of ideas for stimulating
meaningful involvements for the youth that can compete successfully with
the demands of drugs and alcohol.
Primarily the emphasis should be on service or constructive and
productive pursuits and recreational activities that are usually community
based such as:
a. Voluntary service works
b. Income producing activities
c. Sports, arts development: theater- choral/ dance groups
d. Community fair/ contest
e. Other recreational activities: development of physical, emotional
interpersonal, mental intellectual, social, spiritual, and all aspects of
behavioral development.
4. Interventions- this strategy is applied experimenters and
potential drug abusers. Activities like peer or group counselling should
be encouraged in every community. It is applied to the individual
group, which needs specific assistance and support.

The techniques or activities recommended for intervention are:

a. Peer counseling
b. Hot lines
c. Cross-age tutoring
d. New peer group creation
Peer and Cross-age Tutoring and Counseling.

Peer and cross -age tutoring and counseling enable the

person/student to assume adult and matured roles, to
become activity involved in their own learning and in others
learning and to take on a ‘’real world’’ responsibility.it can
provide a meaningful ‘’work’’ in the school setting to the
students who might otherwise suffer from low self-esteem
and a general lack of involvement with school or cross-age
tutoring and counseling program.
The program is focused on;

a. LIFE CARRER PLANNING –the preparation towards a

comprehensive career education helps young people to make
the right choice.

b. PARENTING AND FAMILY COMMUNICATION-activities

that fosters better understanding and wholesome family
relationship.
c. Effective techniques and learning activities

1. VALUES FORMATION OR DEVELOMMENT – the

articulation from personal values. Its process
includes choosing from alternatives and repeatedly
and consistently acted upon.

2. ROLE PLAYING-a technique used to help students identity

more closely with historical figure or character in literature,
which will help them sensing problem at and testing
solutions with out taking any great risk.
3. DECISION MAKING AND PROBLEM
SOLVING-techniques using conflict resolutions
focused on group problems which help the
students in identifying possible alternatives to
solve the problem.
4. INDIVIDUAL CONTACT –the basic principles in working
with an individual with the emphasis of making him
feel at ease, involving him by asking questions,
supplying with the necessary information and arriving
at a decision that will end to action. It is carried out by;

a. person –to-person relationship or individual counseling

b. house\office visits
c. telephone calls or by letters
d. information conversation or dialogues
5. SMALL GROUP APPROACH –involves contact with a number of
people assembled in isolated group in one of a series of related groups.
This technique can be carried out by;
a. Lecture- one way discussion
b. Small group discussion- mutual interchange of ideas or
opinions between the small group
c. Symposium- group talks, speeches or lectures presented by
several individuals on various phases of a single subject
d. Panel Discussion- discussion before an audience by a selected
group of persons expressing a variety of view points under moderator
e. The buzz Session- the count off procedure
f. Seminars, simulation games, debate, field trips
6. Community Approach- This involves working together
about their common problems, identify these and implement
the kind of action patterns for the solution of the problems.
This technique can be carried out by:
a. Community assemblies and barangay fairs
b. Sport festivals or on test in the community
c. Church related activities
INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION APPROACH
The UNDCP
The United Nation International Drug Control Program (UNDCP)
was established in 1991 pursuant to General assembly Resolution 45|
179 of 21 December 1990.
The UNDCP is mandated by the General Assembly with the
exclusive responsibility leadership for all United Nation Drug Control
activities in order to ensure coherence of actions, coordination, and
non-duplication of such activities in the United Nation System.
The UNDCP assists government in fulfilling their obligation under
the existing regulatory structures so that they can become parties to
these conventions.
The UNDCP Resources for Operation
The financial resources cone from the regular budget of the
United Nation and voluntary contribution of the U.N members.
UNDCP in SEA
UNDCP is created in the different field office in Laos and Burma
(Myanmar), which handles national programs.
Master Plan Approach
This involves encouraging and assisting governments in
undertaking a though analysis of drug problem with in a country or
region ,the identification and assessment of all anti –narcotics
intervention undertaken and planned.
Measures Undertaken in SEA
1.Enhancement of Capital Punishment
2. ASIAN Drug Official group meetings/ Convention
against Drug abuse
3. Instant urine Test Machine
4. Denial of Passport on all offenders upon release from
prison
5. Use of Narcotic Drug Detector
6. ASEAN Cooperation on against Drug Trafficking
 Drug Outlook in the ASEA Countries (Major
Contribution)

1. Thailand- the training center for:

a. undercover operation
b. investigation
c. informant
d. surveillance
e. other enforcement techniques
2. Philippines- the adoption of the Drug Demand Reduction
Strategy and Supply Reduction Strategy. The drug Supply
strategy is carried out by the conduct of anti-narcotics
operations (raids on plantations, laboratories, etc); arrest,
search and seizure; surveillance and other intelligence
operations; legislative and judicial measures. The demand
reduction strategy is carried out by the conduct of
information and the treatment or rehabilitation of drug
addicts.
3. Malaysia- The Asian treatment and rehabilitation training
center is sponsored by the International Labor Union located
in Malaysia. Malaysia then is considered as the training center
for treatment and rehabilitation of drug abusers in Asia.
4. Singapore- responsible in the area of research
as part of the Asian anti-narcotic work. The urine
test project was adopted with the aim to train
chemist from ASEAN members in the techniques
of mass urine screening.
 SOCIATAL ROLE IN DRUG ABUSE
The Individual PREVENTION

the primary role of the individual is to improve his

personality and develop traits and characteristics
that would help him build-up his self-concept,
thereby making himself. He should develop strong
spiritual and moral values, sharpen his skills in
making decisions, and strengthen his will power. He
should improve his physical qualities as well as his
mental faculties.
B. The Family

The Role of Parents

1. Create a warm and friendly atmosphere in the home.
2. Develop effective means of communication with their children.
3. Understand and accept the children for what they are and not for what they
want them to be.
4. Listen to their children, respect for their opinions, and guide them in
making decisions.
5. Praise their children for whatever positive achievement they have
accomplished no matter how trivial this may seem.
6. Take time to be with their children no matter how busy they are
7. Strengthen moral and spiritual values.
C. The School
Next to the home, the school
is the child’s next impressive
world. As a part of a broader
social process for behavior
influence, it is said that the
school is an extension of the
home having the strategic
position to control crime and
delinquency.
The church
Committed to fight against drug
abuse. Religion is a positive force
for humanitarian task of moral
guidance of the youth. It is the
social institution with the primary
role to strengthen faith and
goodness in the community, an
influence against crime and
delinquency.
The Police
One of the most powerful
occupation groups in the modern
society. The prime mover of the
criminal justice system and the
number one institution in the
community with the broad goals
of maintaining peace and order,
the protection of life and property
and the enforcement of the law.
 The government and the other components of the
CJS
The organized authority that enforces the laws
of the land and the most powerful in the control
of people. Respect for the government is
influenced by the respect of the people running
the government. When the people see that public
officers and employees are the first ones to
violate the laws, people will refuse to obey them.
The Non- Government organizations
The group of concerned individuals responsible for helping the
government in the pursuit of community development being partners of
providing the common good and welfare of the people through public
service.

EX:
RED CROSS
PRO LIFE
HARIBON FOUNDATION
CHILDHOPE ASIA
GAWAD KALINGA
The Mass media
The media is the best
institution for information
dissemination thereby
giving the public the
necessary need to know,
and do help shape everyday
views about drug abuse its
control and prevention.
CHAPTER 6
OBJECTIVES
At the end of the discussion the students will be able
to:

1. Imbibe the importance of drug education and vice control and the
role of the family to help facilitate the rehabilitation of the dependent.
2. Explain how vices and alcoholism affect society and the
environment.
VICE
A vice is a moral failing or a bad habit. Traditional examples of vice
include drinking alcohol, smoking tobacco, and gambling in card games.
Behaviors that have long been considered vices
include:

1. Excessive or habitual indulgence in gambling,

2. Certain sexual activities, and
3. The use of psychoactive drugs such as nicotine,
alcohol or opium
 WHAT IS
ALCOHOL?
 Alcohol is created when grains, fruits, or vegetables are fermented.
Fermentation is a process that uses yeast or bacteria to change the
sugars in the food into alcohol. Fermentation is used to produce many
necessary items — everything from cheese to medications .

Alcohol is a colorless, tasteless clear liquid. It boils at 78.4 degrees

Celsius. It has pleasant odor and gives a burning sensation to the
mouth, esophagus and stomach. Like many drugs, alcohol is toxic. It can
poison the human body if taken in large amount or in combination with
other drugs. Alcohol is a depressant not a stimulant.
History of Alcohol

Evidence of wine only appeared as a finished product in Egyptian

pictographs around 4,000 BC
The ancient Egyptians made at least 17 types of beer and at least 24
varieties of wine
The earliest evidence of alcohol in China are wine jars from Jiahu which
date to about 7000 BC.[2] This early drink was produced by fermenting rice,
honey, and fruit
Sura, is the alcoholic beverages in India, a beverage distilled from rice meal.
The first alcoholic beverage in Greece was mead, a fermented beverage
made from honey and water.
Two kinds of alcohol

Methyl and Ethyl alcohol. Methyl alcohol is very poisonous and is

not put in drinks but is use in some industries. Ethyl alcohol is used in
alcoholic drinks, which are made by breweries. The fermentation occurs
when germs called yeast act on sugars in food to produce alcohol and
carbon dioxide. Fermented brews and spirits contain different amounts
of alcohol. The amount in beer is less than in other drinks. It varies
from 2.5% to 8% in different countries.
 
The Common Alcoholic Drinks

• Beers – they contain 2 – 6 percent alcohol

• Wines –they contain about 10% alcohol
• Fortified Wines – liquors that contains 10% – 20%
alcohol (port wine, Madeira, Marsala, Vermouth,
Sherry)
• Spirits –liquors that contains 40% - 60% of alcohol
(vodka, gin, rum, tequila and whiskey)
Types of Drinkers
Occasional Drinker
drinks on special
occasions or uses
alcohol as a home
remedy, takes only a
few drinks per year.
Frequent Drinker –
drinks at parties and
social affairs. Intake of
alcohol may be once a
week or occasionally
reaches three or four
times per week, uses
beverages to release
inhibitions and tensions.
Regular Drinker –
may drink daily or
consistently on
weekends, usually
comes from cultural
background where
wine and beer is
used with meals to
enhance the flavor of
the food.
Alcohol Dependent

–drinks to have good

time, excessive drinking
occurs occasionally but
drinker may not become
alcoholic.
Alcoholic
–has lost control of
his use of alcohol.
Alcohol assumes
primary goal in his life,
even to the exclusion
of physical health and
interests of family and
society in general.
Usual Motives for
Drinking
• Traditional – social and religious functions.
• Status –symbol of success and prestige.
• Dietary –dining incomplete without wine, integral part of today’s way
of “gracious living”.
• Social –release tensions and inhibitions so user can tolerate and enjoy
another’s company.
• Shortcut to adulthood –user unsure of maturity, drinks to prove
himself.
• Ritual –foster group feeling, cocktail parties, toasts made to brides,
wishes for good health.
• Path of least Resistance –doesn’t want to drink but doesn’t want to
abstain so goes along with everyone else.
 EFFECTS OF
ALCOHOL ON THE
DRINKER
• Euphoria –feeling of well – being, increased confidence, temporary
relief from fatigue, pain or depression.

• Muscular Incoordination – depression of motor function and

causes greater dulling of the brain that controls inhibitions. The
person may become hilarious, morose, irritable or excitable without
proper cause. He may suffer from slurred speech and staggering gait.

• Respiratory Paralysis – if more liquor is consumed the paralysis

of the respiratory centers sets in. The person may suffer from
complete in coordination of muscles, torturous breathing, sleep,
coma and death.
 EFFECTS
OF
ALCOHOL
ON THE
BODY
The Brain and the Nervous System- The Alcohol actually blocks some of
the messages trying to get to the brain. This alters a person's
perceptions, emotions, movement, vision, and hearing. Alcohol stops
people behaving correctly to other people. They may do whatever
comes first in their minds.

Stomach and Intestines- Alcohol damages the stomach and intestines

makes theme sore. This can cause a burning sensation, nausea and
vomiting. Sometimes there is bleeding.
Liver- The first thing the liver does is to turn part of the alcohol into fat.
Some of this goes into the blood, but a lot builds up in the liver cells.
After drinking six (6) medium-sized glasses of beer everyday for few
days, fat is formed in the liver.

While the liver enlarges, some of the liver cells are damaged.
The liver can become permanently damaged. As the alcohol poisons
the cells of the liver, they die. If many of these cells die, the person may
get what is called “ ALCOHOLIC HEPATITIS”
Scar tissues is formed where the liver cells die. This means the liver
doesn’t work so well. This is called “CIRRHOSIS”.
Heart and Muscles- Alcohol affects the heart and other muscles
so that they become weaker and less effective. This makes people tired
and breathless.

Blood- the activity of the liver in trying to get rid of the alcohol
results in many changes to the blood- for example: blood sugar is
lowered and blood fats are increased.

Kidneys- Alcohol decreased the ability of the kidneys to get rid of

some waste products.
Sexual activities- After the excessive use of alcohol, the ability to have
satisfactory sexual activity is decreased.

Malnutrition- The illness that occurs when a person doesn’t have

enough food to eat or eats the wrong kind of food. Malnutrition causes
further liver damage, which makes the condition even worse. The result
of all these are that the heavy drinker gets weak because of lack of
energy and body building food.
 ALCOHOL EFFECT ON
GENERAL BEHAVIOR

Drinking affects a person’s behavior. Most of the changes are due to

the effect of alcohol on the brain and nerves. The effects of alcohol
depend on how much there is in the blood.
 ALCOHOL
EFFECTS IN THE
COMMUNITY
TROUBLE IN THE
HOME-
Heavy drinkers takes
money needed for food,
clothes and furniture. This
causes debts. Husbands
and wife fight and accuse
each other of being
unfaithful. Children are
badly treated and badly
fed.
TROUBLE AMONG
FRIENDS-
The heavy
drinker will often
fight with his
friend and may
even kill people.
TROUBLE AT WORK-
The heavy drinker
often does not go to
work because he feels
sick. He sometimes
works badly and hurts
himself or others.
TROUBLE AT PLAY-
Heavy drinkers has a bad
effect on sportsmen.
Because alcohol affects the
brain, the drinker can not
control his arms and legs
well. A sportsman who has
been drinking can not play
well as he should.
TROUBLLE ON ROADS-
The driver lost his
judgement, he is careless
and takes risks. Accidents
result. A person who is
drunk may walk onto the
road and be killed by a
motor vehicle.
TROUBLE WITH CRIME-
excessive drinking is
the biggest cause of
crime. People become
aggressive, fight, break
into houses and steal.
TROUBLE WITH THE
ECONOMY AND THE NATION-

The economy is badly

affected when people
do not go to work and
production falls.
Alcoholism is burden to
the government.
Alcohol
dependence-
A person who drinks
a lot can become a
dependent on alcohol.
This means he can not
live without it. If he tries
to stop drinking, he may
also experience acute
anxiety or fear, delirium
and hallucinations.
Prevention of Alcohol Problem-
Solely treating people with medications can not
control problem drinking and alcoholism. Treatment
should be coupled with proper education both in the
schools and in the adult community to develop the
nation habits of moderation in the use of alcoholic
beverages.
TOBACCO
The use of tobacco is one of the
foremost public health problems in the
world today. The world health
organization estimates that around the
world one person dies every 13
seconds from tobacco-related diseases.
TOBACCO

The tobacco plant, scientifically known as

NicotianaTabacum, is a plant grown for its leaves,
which are smoked, chewed, or sniffed for a
variety of effects. Tobacco is considered addictive
because it contains the addictive chemical
Nicotine. Sniffing and chewing tobacco originated
in North America and Europe.
Tobacco Chemicals

• Nicotine – it is the most common important active ingredient in controlled doses. It is

an extremely toxic substance. A typical cigarette contains 1 – 2 mg of nicotine. When
smoked, less than 1 mg from each cigarette is filtered or not depending on the
characteristics of the filter, the depth and frequency of inhalation and the length of
the butt.
• Carbon Monoxide –a poisonous gas similar to the gas that emanates from a car’s
exhaust pipe. It impairs the capacity of the blood to supply adequate amounts of
oxygen to the vital organs of the body. It is responsible for the shortness of breath
among smokers.
• Tar –the brownish viscous substance known to be the cancer – causing component of
tobacco smoking. It also stains the fingers, teeth, and tongue of the smoker. Along
with the other noxious substances in cigarette smoking, it can lead to lung cancer,
emphysema and chronic bronchitis.