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General Physics1
Quarter 1 – Module 6:
Quantities in Circular Motion
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What I Know

Read each problem or situations carefully. Choose the letter of the correct answer
and write it on your answer sheet.

1. Which of the following is the motion along the circle and at any point is
always tangent to the circle? a. Tangential acceleration
b. Tangential velocity
c. Centripetal acceleration
d. Radius of curvature
2. Which of the following shows the concept in an object that is moving in a
circular motion with the acceleration is always towards the center of the
circle?
a. Tangential acceleration
b. Tangential velocity
c. Centripetal acceleration
d. Radius of curvature
3. Which of the following is the measure how the tangential velocity changes
along the time?
a. Tangential acceleration
b. Centripetal acceleration
c. Centripetal acceleration
d. Radius of curvature
4. Which of the following is the distance from the vertex to the center of
curvature?
a. Tangential acceleration
b. Centripetal acceleration
c. Centripetal acceleration
d. Radius of curvature
5. An object moving along circular motion with acceleration vector pointing
towards the center of the circle is known as centripetal acceleration. a.
True
b. sometimes

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c. false
d. maybe not
6. What force is needed in circular motion?
a. Centrifugal force
b. Centripetal force
c. Normal force
d. Tension force
7. Which of the following quantities in uniform circular motion of the object
remains constant?
a. Acceleration and velocity
b. Acceleration and speed
c. Speed and velocity
d. Velocity only
8. What is the tangential acceleration of the object in circular motion? a. 0˚
b. 30˚
c. 45˚
d. 90˚
9. What is the angle between the acceleration and the velocity of the object
moving in uniform circular motion? a. 0˚
b. 30˚
c. 45˚
d. 90˚
10. What is the type of acceleration doing a body experience in the uniform
circular motion? a. Linear speed
b. Centripetal acceleration
c. Centrifugal force
d. none
11. What does velocity of the object describe in uniform circular motion?
a. always perpendicular to the velocity of the object
b. always perpendicular to the centripetal acceleration of the object
c. always parallel to the centripetal acceleration of the object
d. always parallel to the velocity of the object
12. What is the linear velocity a man driving a car in 60 km in two hours?
a. 30 km per hour
b. 80 km per hour
c. 100 km per hour
d. 120 km per hour
13. What is the example of angular velocity?
a. A ball rolling in the road
b. A runner in a circular track
c. A runner in a straight track
d. A ball stuck in edge of the road
14. What is angular velocity
a. Object that is moving along a straight path
b. Object in between two straight paths
c. Object that is moving along a circular path

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d. Object at rest in any path

e. Centripetal force is the total force acting on the object in uniform
circular motion and the direction is always towards the center of
the rotation.
15. What force is acting on the object in uniform circular motion and the
direction pointed towards the center of the circle? a. Centrifugal force
b. Centripetal force
c. Tangential force
d. Gravitational force

Lesson
Quantities in Circular
5 Motion
Riding a vehicle can bring us to experience linear motion to circular motion.
The velocity of the vehicle changes depending on the motion, direction, and time of
both motions. The basic quantities in linear motion is also same as in circular
motion, the only difference is the direction circular motion is circular path. These
quantities are the radius (r) in circular path of the circle, the time (t) taken of the
object to travel around the circle, velocity (v) and acceleration (a).

What’s In

What is linear and angular velocity?

What is the example of linear velocity?

What is the formula of linear velocity?

What is the formula used to measure angle?

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Notes to the Teacher

It is important that learners must have knowledgeabout uniform

and non-uniform circular motion. They must also knowledge in
speed, velocity and acceleration in one dimension in kinematics
and also in Newton’s Law of Motion about forces.

What’s New

Quantities of Circular Motion

1. Tangential Velocity
2. Tangential Acceleration
3. Centripetal Acceleration
4. Radius of Curvature

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What is It

Knowing that a quantity with both direction and magnitude is called a

vector. An example of vector is velocity, wherein velocity is an example of linear
motion where the rate of change in objects position with respect to time.

equation1 (speed along linear motion)

While the direction of the circular motion is the circumference of a circle is

two pie times radius.

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-------equation2
Substitute equation 2 and 1

equation 3 (speed along circular motion)

TANGENTIAL VELOCITY

Tangential velocity is the velocity measured of an object moving

along the edge of a circle and direction is always along with the
tangent line of the circle at any given point.

Where
VT = tangential velocity Fig 1. Velocity vector
direction at
any point in circular path is always
r = radius t = time
tangent to the circle
Because of this understanding, the tangential velocity is related to angular velocity
where;
angular velocity with respect to time and the radius of the wheel

Where
– change in position
– change in time

– angular velocity r
- radius

Example
Calculate the tangential velocity of a rotating wheel with angular velocity of 32
rad/s with the wheel diameter of 30 cm. Given r = ½ (30cm) = 15 cm or 0.15
m. = 32 rad/s

Object’s position
with respectto time

𝜔 – angular velocity
𝜃
𝜔
𝑡
The tangential velocity is measured by the

7 S = r.𝜃
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Solution

TANGENTIAL ACCELERATION

The object moving in a circle doesn’t have any tangential

acceleration or zero tangential acceleration it means that the
object is moving with a constant velocity. When the object in
circular motion changes the magnitudes and direction of the
tangential velocity it resulted tangential acceleration.

Tangential acceleration is a measure of how the tangential velocity of a point

changes with time. Tangential acceleration is just like linear acceleration, but it’s
particular to the tangential direction. It always acts perpendicular to the centripetal
acceleration of the object moving in a circle.

= tangential acceleration dv
= change in velocity
dt = change in time

Example:
A certain object accelerates uniformly in a circular path with a speed of 10 m/s to
100 m/s in 25 sec. Calculate the acceleration to tangential.
Given: Required:
– initial time =?
– final time
– initial velocity
– final velocity

Find the time taken

Find the change in velocity

Find tangential acceleration

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CENTRIPETAL ACCELERATION

Uniform Circular Motion is the motion of the object in a circle with constant speed
and as it moves in the circle it constantly changing in direction tangent to the path
of the circle in any point. As it continuously changes in direction the velocity vector
also changes and experienced acceleration. This acceleration is called as the
centripetal acceleration, means center seeking.

Fig. 1.

The direction of the velocity vector of an object in

uniform circular motion at any point is
perpendicular to the centripetal force of the object.

Fig. 2.

Velocity Vector

𝑣 𝑣 𝑣1

Where:

𝑣 – Change in velocity

V1 and v 2 – velocity in uniform circular motion

For any object in uniform circular motion with a velocity in circular path with the
radius, r. the magnitude of the centripetal acceleration is

Where:
ac – centripetal acceleration
v - velocity
r – radius

Example:

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A stone swings in a circle of radius 4 m. If its constant speed is 6 m/s, what is the
centripetal acceleration?
v = 6 m/s
r=4m

ac = 9 m/s2

Centripetal Force
Centripetal force is the total force acting on the object in uniform circular motion
and the direction is always towards the center of the rotation.
In Newtons Second Law of Motion, the total force acting on the object causes the
acceleration of mass, . Just like for the uniform circular motion the
acceleration is the centripetal acceleration, a = ac.

In Newtons Second Law of Motion equation

Where F –
force m – mass
a–
acceleration

equation 1

Centripetal acceleration

equation 2
Where:
ac – centripetal acceleration
v - velocity
r – radius

Equate the equation 1 and 2

The magnitude of the centripetal force, Fc = mac

Therefore, the Centripetal force, Fc in terms of tangential velocity is

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Where
Fc – Centripetal Force m – mass
v – velocity r – radius

Example:

Calculate the centripetal force exert on a 450 kg jeep taking a turn on a 330 m
radius road at 20 m/s? Given

mass – 450 kg
radius – 330 m
velocity – 20
m/s Solution

RADIUS OF CURVATURE

The radius of curvature is defined as the radius of the approximate circle at a

particular point. It is the length of the curvature vector. As the curve moves, the
radius changes. It is denoted by r.

Equation:

rc = radius of curvature
m = mass
v = velocity
F = lateral gripping force

Example

The minimum lift to a 900 kg helicopter is 9,000 N. if the helicopter travels at 110
m/s, calculate the possible radius of curvature.

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Use the centripetal force equation . Rearranging, we find that radius of

curvature, . Substitute the value minimum helicopter lift;

What’s More

I. Solve the following problems about circular motions.

1. What is the tangential acceleration of the object if it accelerates uniformly in

circular motion with changes in velocity of 80 m/s an in the total changes of
time of 25 seconds?

2. The ball is tied to a string to whirl it having a radius of 50 cm at a velocity of

1.2 m/s. What will be the acceleration of the ball?

3. What is the acceleration of the bicycle if the velocity is 1.5 m/s in a circular
path with the radius of 75 meters?

4. A jeepney follows a circular road with a radius of 300 meters at a speed of 30

m/s. What is the magnitude of the jeepney’s acceleration?

5. A 450 kg jeep taking a turn on a 350 m radius road at 22 m/s. Calculate the
centripetal force exerted on the jeep.

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What I Have Learned

1. Tangential velocity is the velocity measured of an object moving along the

edge of a circle and direction is always along with the tangent line of the
circle at any given point.
2. The tangential velocity is measured by the angular velocity with respect to
time and the radius of the wheel.
3. Tangential acceleration is a measure of how the tangential velocity of a point
changes with time. Tangential acceleration is just like linear acceleration,
but it’s particular to the tangential direction. It always acts perpendicular to
the centripetal acceleration of the object moving in a circle.
4. Uniform Circular Motion is the motion of the object in a circle with constant
speed and as it moves in the circle it constantly changing in direction
tangent to the path of the circle in any point.
5. The radius of curvature is defined as the radius of the approximate circle at
a particular point.

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What I Can Do

1. Can you differentiate tangential velocity and tangential acceleration?

2. Can you differentiate centripetal force from centripetal acceleration?
3. Can you identify the quantities in circular motion?
4. Can calculate tangential acceleration of the objects in motion?

Assessment

Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. What is tangential velocity?

a. Measured velocity of the object directed outward of the circle
b. Measured velocity of the object at any point tangent to the circle
c. Measured acceleration of the object at any point tangent to the circle
d. Measured acceleration of the object directed outward of the circle
2. What is centripetal acceleration?
a. The acceleration of the object in non-uniform circular motion directed
outward the circle
b. The acceleration of the object in non-uniform circular motion directed
inward the circle
c. The acceleration of the object in uniform circular motion directed parallel
to the path of the circle.
d. The acceleration in uniform circular motion directed tangent to the path
of the circle
3. Which of the following is defined as the radius of the circle in a certain point
and was denoted by r?
a. Radius of curvature
b. Measure of radius

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c. radians
d. curve
4. Which of the following is the measure of how the tangential velocity of a
point changes with time?
a. centripetal acceleration
b. tangential acceleration
b. tangential velocity
c. radius of curvature
5. Which of the following is the total force acting on the object moving in
uniform uniform circular motion and the direction is always towards the
center of the rotation? a. centripetal force
b. centrifugal force
c. normal force
d. gravitational force
6. What is the acceleration of a 500-kg tricycle moving at 8 m/s takes a turn
around a circle with a radius of 20 m? a. 0.4 m/s2
b. 4 m/s2
c. 0.5 m/s2
d. 5 m/s2
7. What is the total force of acting on the 450 kg-tricycle is the acceleration is
4m/s2?
a. 1700 kg.m/s2
b. 1800 N
c. 1900 N
d. 1950 N
8. What is the centripetal force exerted on a 500 kg jeep taking a turn on a 300
m radius road on horizontal ground at 20 m/s? a. 33 kg.m/s2
b. 34 N
c. 667 N
d. 670 kg.m/s2
9. Which of the following acts on an object in uniform circular motion with
direction is always towards the center of the rotation? a. Tangential velocity
b. Tangential acceleration
c. Centripetal acceleration
d. Centripetal force
10.What is the tangential velocity of a rotating wheel with the diameter of 75 cm
and angular velocity of 48 rad/sec? a. 0.64 m/s
b. 64 m/s
c. 36 m/s
d. 2,160 m/s
11.Which of the following proves that there is a total force acting on an object in
uniform circular motion?
a. Total force is acting on the object accelerating
b. There is total force because there is no acceleration

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c. No total force when there is acceleration

d. Total force acts only in gravitational force
12.What is the acceleration of the ball tied to a string to whirl at the radius of
40 cm with the velocity of 1.1 m/s? a. 0.3 m/s2
b. 3.0 m/s2
c. 0.44 m/s2
d. 44 m/s2

13.What is the centripetal force exerted to a 400 kg jeep with a velocity of 25

m/s taking its turn to the curved road with a radius of 350 m?
a. 29 kg.m/s2
b. 192 kg.m/s2
c. 30 N
d. d.714 N
14.What is the possible radius of curvature of a 700kg helicopter with a
minimum lift of 8,000 N that travels at 100 m/s.
a. 8.75 m
b. 76.56 m
c. 875 m
d. 1142.86 m
15.What is the tangential velocity of an object moving in a circle with the radius
of 15 meters in constant angular velocity of 12 rad/s?
a. 180 m/s
b. 0.8 m/s
c. 1.25 m/s
d. 9.6 m/s

Additional Activities

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1. Find an open area to perform the whirling of the clothespin.

2. Tie the clothespin (if not available) or any plastic bottle cap to the string.
Make sure that the string istied tightly.
3. Whirled around horizontally at the top of the head. Observed safety while

Whirling plastic clothespin

Objectives

To explore circular motion

Materials

1 pc plastic clothespin or any plastic bottle cap

String (1.5 meter)

Procedure

performing the activity.

4. Allow the string to wrap around your finger in start of whirl until the motion
increase and reach the constant motion.
5. Observed what happens while whirling the clothespin or the plastic bottle
cap or any available safe materials in whirling.

Questions:

1. What force is present when you start to whirl the plastic clothespin or any
plastic bottle cap?

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2. What happen to the orbit of the clothespin or any plastic bottle cap when the
string wrap around the finger?
3. What happen when you make faster the whirling of the clothespin or any
plastic bottle cap?

Answer Key

A 15. B 15.
C 14. C 14.
D 13. A 13.
B 12. A 12.
A 11. B 11.
C 10. B 10.
D 9. D 9.
C 8. A 8.
B 7. A 7.
D 6. B 6.
A 5. 2 kg·m/s 622.29
5. A 5.
B 4. m/s 2 34.
D 4.
m/s 2 5.88
3.
A 3. m/s 2 2.8
2. A 3.
D 2. m/s 2 3.2
1. C 2.
B 1. B 1.

Assessment What's More What I Know

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