Page 1

Proton number 1 nuclear charge increases

Greater attractive force between nucleus and ontw neutrons .

5 has two neurons in the same orbital ,

elution retention
repulsion
.

sodium has free moving mentions

phosphorus is simple molecular

hag has 2 dirocalised Mentions

Compiled by Dr. Teh Swe Jyan

Page 2

Hv
Nhg LMOIIV
NOV Or

ammonium carbonate

Compiled by Dr. Teh Swe Jyan

 Page 3

42 43 th 46

mmol ear charge increases

Mentions in the same shell 1 same shielding )

greater attraction of neutrons to nucleus

Nhgit and Sir

NIGH has fewer Shen than SV

Compiled by Dr. Teh Swe Jyan

Page 4

Py 4501 -5 Pu 010

Greenish-yellow
'
U gas drssapear
white solid

Phosphoric IVs and

Compiled by Dr. Teh Swe Jyan

 Page 5

- - -

+ t + t t
- - -

-
- - -
-

-
.

t
-

y -
-
t t -

-
- -
-
-
-
- -
-

+ I 4 I t
-
t
-
t

high melting and boiling point

electrical insulator

Compiled by Dr. Teh Swe Jyan

Page 6

% abundance of 4th isotope

= 100 -
10.1854 00251488.45 )

I
11.114
v0.18 5×135.907 ) t will ✗ 137.9061 1- Her 450
.
✗ 139.505 ) t 111.114 ✗ RINA )
E 140.116
100

RINI :
141.915

Compiled by Dr. Teh Swe Jyan

 Page 7

ha Se

D2 03 46h4 → LDCIS 1- 34W

Dull + Lmao 4 -13420 -52 Na D 10414

Giant ionic

Gou thro -5 Uvhos

Compiled by Dr. Teh Swe Jyan

Page 8

increase unclear change with same shirt drug ,

greater force between nucleus and outer e-

Nns of Nato Si have lost outer shell / electrons

-
P to 4 form none by gaining electrons to the same

outer shell

unweaving repulsion between elections shell

m same

-
On -1W election removed from Lp subshell

More
shielding
-

Compiled by Dr. Teh Swe Jyan

 Page 9

- outer unction from S n

paired in a
p orbital
-

causing spin pair repulsion

• - .

-
Oxidation numbers increases from -11 to 44

-
Mall i My Uv i AICI } , Silly

-
chlorine oxidation number stays constant

Mail → Nat + a -

Silla two -5 Sion + 444

Giant ionic ioniu

Simple molecular covalent

Compiled by Dr. Teh Swe Jyan

Page 10

/ ( H
XX

/
" "

Ms : si

• •

Mgnsi + 4hr0 → silly tunny with

Simple molecular structure

induced forces
- weak temporary

f- ft ft f-

Compiled by Dr. Teh Swe Jyan

 Page 11

tetrahedral

dipole charges cancel

G. -
H mind is weaker than C- n bond
how nitration energy

Mansi 0 } , Uno

auidiu

Compiled by Dr. Teh Swe Jyan

Page 12

increase nuclearcharge
increase nuclear attraction

1mg to All

IP to S )

dcreasing IF down
lnronp 18 due to donnas
ing
-

unclean charge attraction

increasing number of shells 1
shielding
-

Compiled by Dr. Teh Swe Jyan

 Page 13

Increasing
number of dilocohisid mutinous
.

mauve energy to break metallic bonding

-
Increase 1 P to S ) then decrease I 4 to Art

muting print depends on IMF

-
Anteater number of elutions
-

m molecule ,
greater IMP ,

A nap

Giant covalent structure

Compiled by Dr. Teh Swe Jyan

Page 14

atomic 1 nuclear charge

mrweasing number

increasing nuclear attraction

outer -
of Al host m
bp sub - shall

I
higher energy subshell )

S has a
paired of electrons in a
hp orbital
rpm pair repulsion
-

Compiled by Dr. Teh Swe Jyan

 Page 15

nngclv
neutral
nagvt n

ring cons in the white

ppl
Ang ch f 2 Nao 4 is
my contr 1- Wall

fill 4

form HII firmus

white crowd n Sin
Si die + vnvo → Sion + YULI

Compiled by Dr. Teh Swe Jyan

Page 16

41
Al
,
P ' " 4
\
at CI
a
Ff

trigonal planar trigonal pyramidal

two WO -
WT

molecular and id nd force

silly is a simple -

Nacl is giant ionic structure

bonding in Mau or
stronger than id id -
on Silius

filly has more elections

stronger id id
-
forces

Compiled by Dr. Teh Swe Jyan

 Page 17

Compiled by Dr. Teh Swe Jyan

Page 18

metallic metallic covalent

Naro MgO Alva Sion

Allis Silly Pug

⑥
•
•
•

s
tt ✗
✗ •

• + ✗

u a
¥
xx xx xx

Compiled by Dr. Teh Swe Jyan

 Page 19

bout from Mu to
increasing strength of metallic C1

Si is a
giant covalent structure

P and S has weaker id Vd forces

Pu ow t 6hr0 -5 4 ns Poy

-
acid mm

destroy buildings

Compiled by Dr. Teh Swe Jyan

Page 20

and Al
hag
For Al , on tour Merton host m
Ip subshell

(higher
energy subshell )
more shielded than
my

sand P
the
par
-
of neutron m a
hp orbital
-

cursing spin pair repulsion

-

Compiled by Dr. Teh Swe Jyan

 Page 21

Nunc Amice Nunc covalent covalent

Want Giant Want Giant simple

molecular wwlnwlcr

Sion has stony bonds

.

many
503 has weak 1mF

-
reacts with both awds and base

AHO } 1- 6h11 -5 ZAIUS 1- Huo

Alvob + Alarm + 3hr0 -32N a Al WH / a

solid dissolves

Compiled by Dr. Teh Swe Jyan

Page 22

octahedral

Compiled by Dr. Teh Swe Jyan

 Page 23

A- 1205 £02 Paolo

basic acidic audio audio

reacts with both acid and base

on -

+ Ht → nw

increases

Compiled by Dr. Teh Swe Jyan

Page 24

Compiled by Dr. Teh Swe Jyan

 Page 25

Arnie ionic ionib covalent covalent

hinnt hianf Want Wiant simple

Winton
Millerton

Compiled by Dr. Teh Swe Jyan

Page 26

Compiled by Dr. Teh Swe Jyan

 Page 27

- effervescence

-
calcium
ddssapears
water turns
- Wine
cloudy

cat 2h20 → Ca long v -1 Uv

no
precipitate forms

Compiled by Dr. Teh Swe Jyan

Page 28

<
Wish nap and BP

stronger force of attraction

Nago is basic / reacts with acid .

increases

→ Cov
Nag co }
nago -1

2cal NO ] Iv -7 2 Cao t 4 NOV 1- Or

Compiled by Dr. Teh Swe Jyan

 Page 29

-1MW →
My whir -1 Uv
nay

Nag 10h12 is slightly sombre

1 from Mg to atooniu radius

-

Ba ) larger
✓ elections less attracted to nucleus

-
tower IF

-
white flame
r white WWI

2k9g -102 Znhgo

-1 nisou -5 nagwy t nu
rag

Compiled by Dr. Teh Swe Jyan

 \

Page 30

Less
shielding
-

. diitaveu of outer a- from wudang

fr + vhw → Srl out )r 1- Hu

Is ) lilt Lang (g)

-
Strontium
- more soluble hydroxide
stronger base / produce none on
-

Solid dissolves

Compiled by Dr. Teh Swe Jyan

 Page 31

Itv1 oxidation state

em borates
decompose on
heating

formed white compounds / oxides turbinates

XO

✗
coz -5 xotcov

Compiled by Dr. Teh Swe Jyan

Page 32

white Hawn 1 white what

nago t nu →
nagyutn.io

nentnlisahon

-
Giant structure
-
lots of energy to break the bonds

-7
Magoo ] 1st Mgo Csi + Wr
Igi

thermal
dwowpositrou

Compiled by Dr. Teh Swe Jyan

 Page 33

atomic radii

nWo radii

Atom Inns become larger as number of neutron mweases

thereace thief once of on -1W e- from nucleus

results maker attraction

increase
shielding in

Atom has one more shell than in

Nitrate NW ]
-

non ,

Compiled by Dr. Teh Swe Jyan

Page 34

Ba

Bait 1- Sour
-

j Ba 504

Ba LNOS )v

ZBalnwr.jo -32 Bao +4N Ou 1- Ou

Ca 10412 of 24-1 → lait -1 2hr0

law } t 2h -1 -5 Cart + coz -1 Huo

calcium carbonate is incolubw , lasts longer

ang with
nago

Compiled by Dr. Teh Swe Jyan

 Page 35

not has permanent di protect 8 induced dipole forces

FE has
oly induced drpoctu tones

Ucl than Fu
IMP in is
stronger

Muto static forces of attraction between

strong
opposite changed Nus

laws -12nF → can + wit Uvo

1st laql Cnql 197 Ill

Compiled by Dr. Teh Swe Jyan

Page 36

2512196 Bsu Spb

Purple gas diss

opens

not
iodine is a
strong oxidising agent

silver nitrate

yellow

ammonium
hydroxide

Compiled by Dr. Teh Swe Jyan

 Page 37

•
XX •

✗ G
✗ 0 F
W •
•

• •

Xx

Fit H2O -7 nF -1 hop

Compiled by Dr. Teh Swe Jyan

Page 38

Compiled by Dr. Teh Swe Jyan

 Page 39

Compiled by Dr. Teh Swe Jyan

Page 40

Iodine chlorine

h - P bind Barakar than U -

Q

due to greater shielding

LHP → yr -1 Pv

Compiled by Dr. Teh Swe Jyan

 Page 41

d- →
Agt +
Aga

4-
Aga -1 2h14 } → Ag inns , sit

no of 4 mwnases ,

due to number of Si
mirroring
oxi Al
nag ,
.

→ magnet + 2 U
-

-16420 't -13 11

-

→ At Luvs o

Sion 1- 44-1 Ya
-

42410 -5 +

Compiled by Dr. Teh Swe Jyan

Page 42

:
B

F-

strong heating
outrun thou
-
overcome
high energy

white flame

Whiz -1 hr
rag
-1 hw →
my
1st Ill Is , G)

Compiled by Dr. Teh Swe Jyan

 Page 43

2mg lniogji → 2nA go 1- Ynwv tou

Caco } → Cao t Wu

Cao -1 hero → calousv

reduce of soil
acidity
both base

Cocos + at -5 Cart -1 wut tho

Compiled by Dr. Teh Swe Jyan

Page 44

yellow tavern has

red 1 brown wound

Gray 1 black what

of
increasing
-
no e-

of id old
increasing strength
- -
tones

decreases
-

Oxidising power
drrnases
ability to
accept
-
-
a

mom
numbing
-

white fumes

pmphe funny

Compiled by Dr. Teh Swe Jyan

 Page 45

Nisou not to oxidise chloride

une
strong enough
iodide is oxidised

zNaDr 1- thou → Harlot f Br -

+ 2h20 -1 Son

Aga

Agu dissolves in ammonia

Compiled by Dr. Teh Swe Jyan

Page 46

decreases

number of
increasing
e-

of id id forces
increasing strength
-

Ch 1- ZNAI → 2nd all -1 Iv

yellow white

silver iodide silver chloride

soluble
no
charge

Agt lags -11 law -5 Aga

-

Compiled by Dr. Teh Swe Jyan

 Page 47

teutons
acceptor

art no -544 -1 now

-
3 Cli 1- 6 NaOH -35 Na U t Na CIO } t tho

-
0 to I -11 and I -151 chlorine has been oxidised

and seduced

Compiled by Dr. Teh Swe Jyan

Page 48

uv

Tilsit nvcgl →
mugs

nt I proton donor

All

a-

dative

trigonal pyramidal
cryo

Compiled by Dr. Teh Swe Jyan

 Page 49

silly fruit -5 Sion + 4h11

Ill 1h1 Is , law

hydrolysis

Mall -
Nino

silly - Wral and

Compiled by Dr. Teh Swe Jyan

Page 50

0 -
I -11

disproportionation

kill
microorganisms

known -1 44 -1 HUO → NaCl t Naito -1 HW

Compiled by Dr. Teh Swe Jyan

 Page 51

regular

covalent bonds 1 id id
- forms

id id
-
forces

Compiled by Dr. Teh Swe Jyan

Page 52

242804 -114ns → Th t 420 t 4ns -15

Compiled by Dr. Teh Swe Jyan

 Page 53

tf dereeases

distance of -1N mantras from inulins

increasing
on

increases

number of unions
increasing

/ sire
increasing metallic
duma sing attraction for Info caused urchins

Malus

nw

Barium oxide

Batou v Bao

Compiled by Dr. Teh Swe Jyan

Page 54

NW 2 O L

brown
gas gas qhnn off relights glowing splinter

white ppl of Basin

WhenWhen

Compiled by Dr. Teh Swe Jyan

 Page 55

Compiled by Dr. Teh Swe Jyan

Page 56

Compiled by Dr. Teh Swe Jyan

 Page 57

Compiled by Dr. Teh Swe Jyan

Page 58

oxides el from -1 to 0

green gas

112 -12 NaOH -7 NaCl -1 Na OCI 1- Uvo

U D oxidised and reduced

sodium chlorate W)

Compiled by Dr. Teh Swe Jyan

 Page 59

NUO

Kin
www.mganim

Uv

Club 1- Uh -7 Lined full

Compiled by Dr. Teh Swe Jyan

Page 60

Compiled by Dr. Teh Swe Jyan

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Compiled by Dr. Teh Swe Jyan

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Compiled by Dr. Teh Swe Jyan