SYSTEM OF PARTICLES AND ROTATIONAL MOTION 181

Practice Questions
Very Short Answer Questions [1 Mark Qs.] 11. State the condition for translational equilibrium of a body.
12. State the condition for rotational equilibrium of a body.
1. Should the centre of mass of a body necesssarily lie inside
13. When the earth shrinks, without reducing its mass, what
the body? Explain.
change will be there in the duration of a day?
2. What physical quantities do the following represent?
14. Why are the spokes fitted in a cycle wheel?
(a) Moment of linear momentum
15. Why ships which have been emptied of cargo are filled
(b) Rate of change of angular momentum
with ballast (sand/water)?
(c) The product of moment of inertia and angular
acceleration? 16. Explain how a cat is able to land on its feet after a fall taking
3. Which component of linear momentum does not contribute advantage of the principle of conservation of angular
to angular momentum? momentum?
17. A rifle barrel has a spiral groove which imparts spin to the
4. Calculate the angle between P and Q , if P and Q denote bullet. Why?
the adjacent sides of a parallelogram drawn from a point 18. Why are we not able to rotate a wheel by pulling or
1 pushing along its radius?
and the area of the parallelogram is PQ .
2 Short Answer Questions [2 or 3 Marks Qs.]
5. Why the moment of inertia of a solid disc is smaller than
that of a ring of same size and mass? 1. Prove that the centre of mass of an isolated system moves
6. With reference to figure of a cube of edge a and mass m, with a uniform velocity along a straight line.
state whether the following are true or false. (O is the 2. Derive a relation between torque and moment of inertia of
centre of the cube.) a body.
z z 3. Derive a relation between the angular momentum and
H moment of inertia of a rotating body.
G
4. A particle is moving in, uniform circular motion with an
z
angular momentum L. If the frequency of rotation is
D C
O doubled and its K.E. becomes half, how its angular
momentum will change?
E 5. A stone of mass m tied to the end of a string is rotating
F
in a horizontal circle (neglect force of gravity). The length
Y of the string is reduced gradually keeping its angular
A a B momentum about the centre of the circle constant. Then
x the tension in the string is given by T = Arn where A =
(a) The moment of inertia of cube about z-axis is Iz = Ix constant and r is the instantaneous radius of the circle.
+ Iy Show that n = – 3
(b) The moment of inertia of cube about z is
6. The length of a second’s hand of a clock is 10 cm. Calculate
ma2 the speed of the tip of the hand.
Iz  Iz  7. Why do we prefer to use a stearing wheel with a long arm?
2
(c) The moment of inertia of cube about z is 8. The moments of inertia of two rotating bodies X and Y are
IX and IY (IX > IY) and their angular momenta are equal.
ma2 Which one has greater K.E.?
 I z  9. A ring, a disc and a sphere all of the same radius and mass
2 roll down an inclined plane from the same height h. Which
(d) Ix = Iy of the three reaches the bottom (a) first (b) last?
10. How does an ice-skater, a ballet doncer or an acrobat take
7. Two solid spheres of same mass are made up of different advantage of the principle of conservation of angular
metals (1 > 2). Which of them has a larger M.I. about momentum?
its diameter? 11. If the ice on the polar caps of the earth melts how will it
8. Which one has a larger M.I. and why? affect the duration of the day?
(a) a hollow sphere 12. Using expression for power P   and rotational K.E.
(b) a solid sphere of same mass and radius and why? 1
9. A big and a small sphere roll down from rest through an = I, derive the relation   I where the symbols
2
inclined plane. Which one goes to the bottom first? have their usual meaning.
10. Why the spin angular velocity of a neutron star increases 13. If the earth were to shrink to half its radius what would
tremendously as it is formed from a star collapsing under be the duration of the day?
its own gravitational pull?

182
14. A thin uniform circular disc of mass M and radius R is
rotating in a horizontal plane about an axis passing through
its centre and perpendicular to its plane with an angular
velocity . Another disc of same dimension but of mass
M/4 is placed gently on the first coaxially. Show that the
4
angular velocity of the system becomes  .
5 of an equilateral triangle PQR of side a. Find the M.I. of the
15. Two circular discs of same mass and thickness are made
up of two different metals with densities dX and dY (dX >
dY). Their moments of inertia about the axes passing
through their centers of gravity and perpendicular to their
planes are IX and IY. Which one is greater, IX or IY?
16. The moments of inertia of two rotating bodies X and Y are
IX and IY (IX > IY) and their angular momenta are equal. Which
one has a greater K.E.?
Long Answer Questions [5 Marks Qs.]
1. Derive an expression for the position vector of centre of
mass of a two particle system.
Y 8.
m1 A
f1
C.M.
r1
r B
m2
r2 f2
X period of revolution ?
O
Z
2. Derive an expression for the kinetic energy of rotational
of a body. Hence define its moment of inertia?
3. Derive an expression for the moment of inertia of a uniform
thin circular ring about an axis passing through its centre
and perpendicular to its plane.
4. Derive an expression for the moment of inertia of a uniform
linear disc about a diameter of the disc.
5. Derive an expression for the acceleration and the
coefficient of friction of a solid cylinder rolling without
slipping down an inclined plane.
6. Derive the equations of rotational motion by calculus
method.
Numerical Questions [3 or 5 Marks Qs.]
1. Two bodies of masses 1 kg and 2 kg are lying in xy plane at
(–2, 3) and (1, 2) respectively. What are the coordinates of
the centre of mass?
2. Two particles of masses 1 kg and 3 kg are located at
(2iˆ  5 ˆj 13kˆ) m and (6iˆ  4 ˆj  2kˆ)m respectively. Find
the position of their centre of mass.
3. In CO molecule, the centre of mass is at a distance of 0.068
nm from the C atom. What is the separation between the
nuclei of carbon and oxygen ?
4. The moment of inertia of a circular ring about an axis passing
through the center and perpendicular to its plane is 400 g
cm2. If the radius of the ring is 10 cm, calculate the mass of
the ring.
EBD_7019
Physics
5. A uniform circular disc and a uniform circular ring, each has
a mass of 10 kg and diameter 1m. Calculate their moment of
inertia about a transverse axis through their centre.
6. Calculate moment of inertia of earth about a tangent, taking
it to be a sphere of mass 1025 kg and diameter 12800 cm.
7. Three particles, each of mass m, are situated at the vertices
system about the line PX perpendicular to PR in the plane
of PQR as shown in the following figure.
X
Q
P R
a
Calculate K.E. of rotation of a circular disc of mass 2 kg and
radius 0.2 m rotating about an axis passing through its centre
and perpendicular to its plane. The disc is making 30/ 
rpm.
9. The Sun rotates around itself once in 27 days. If it were to
expand to twice its present diameter, what would be its new
10. A 20 kg flywheel in the form of a uniform circular disc 2 m in
radius is making 60 rpm. Calculate its angular momentum.
11. If a constant torque of 500 N-m turns a wheel of moment of
inertia 100 kg m2 about an axis passing though its centre,
find the gain in angular velocity in four seconds.
12. A flywheel of moment of inertia 5 kg m2 is rotating at a
speed of 60 rad/s. It comes to rest in 5 minutes, because of
friction on the axes. Find (a) Average torque of the friction;
(b) Total work done by the friction (c) Angular momentum of
the wheel in one minute before it stops rotating.
13. A flywheel of mass 20 kg and radius 20 cm is rotating at an
angular speed of 50 rpm when its motor is turned off.
Neglecting friction at the axle, calculate the force that must
be applied tangentially to the wheel to bring it to rest in 10
revolutions.
14. A flywheel of mass 1000 kg and radius 1 m is rotating at the
rate of 420 rpm. Find the constant retarding torque required
to stop the wheel in 14 rotations, assuming mass to be
concentrated at its rim.
15. A disc of mass 200 kg and radius 0.5 m is rotating at the rate
of 8 revolutions per second. Find the constant torque
required to stop the disc in 11 rotations.
16. A particle starts rotating from rest according to the formula
3t3 t2
  . Calculate the angular velocity and angular
90 2
acceleration at the end of 2 seconds.
17. A flywheel rotating at the rate of 120 r.p.m slows down at a
constant rate of 2 rad/s2. What time is required to stop the
flywheel and how many rotations does it make in the process?
System of Particles and Rotational Motion 183

18. The spin drier of a washing machine revolving at 15 rps
slows down to 5 rps, while making 50 revolutions. Find (a)
angular acceleration and (b) time taken.
19. The motor of an engine is rotating about its axis with an
angular velocity of 120 rpm. It comes to rest in 10s, after
being switched off.
Assuming constant decelaration, calculate the number of
revolutions made by it before coming to rest.
20. On applying a constant torque, a wheel at rest, turns through
400 radian in 10 s. Find angular acceleration. If same torque
continues to act, what will be the angular velocity of the
wheel after 20s from start ?
21. A uniform circular disc of mass 200 g and 4 cm radius is
rotated about one of its diameters at an angular speed of 10
rad/s. Find the angular momentum about the axis of rotation?

HOTS/Exemplar Questions
Very Short Answer Questions [1 Mark Qs.] 2. The 40 kg woman stands on the end of a 4 meter long
uniform plank. If the maximum overhand for balance is 1
1. Both torque and work are products of force and distance. meter, estimate the mass of the plank. [HOTS]
How are they different?
[HOTS]
2. Two spheres, one hollow and one solid, are rotating with
the same angular speed about their centres. Both spheres
have the same mass and radius. Which one, if either, has
the higher rotational kinetic energy?
[HOTS] 4m
3. Why does a solid sphere have smaller moment of inertia 1m
than a hollow cylinder of same mass and radius, about an
axis passing through their axes of symmetry? [Exemplar]
4. A uniform sphere of mass m and radius R is placed on a
rough horizontal surface (Fig.). The sphere is struck 3. The vector sum of a system of non-collinear forces acting
horizontally at a height h from the floor. Match the following: on a rigid body is given to be non-zero. If the vector sum of
all the torques due to the system of forces about a certain
point is found to be zero, does this mean that it is necessarily
zero about any arbitrary point? [Exemplar]
4. (n – 1) equal point masses each of mass m are placed at the
vertices of a regular n-polygon. The vacant vertex has a
position vector a with respect to the centre of the polygon.
(a) h = R/2 (i) Sphere rolls without Find the position vector of centre of mass. [Exemplar]
slipping with a constant
Long Answer Questions [5 Marks Qs.]
velocity and no loss of
energy. 1. Consider the diatomic oxygen molecule O2, which is rotating
(b) h=R (ii) Sphere spins clockwise, in the xy plane about the z axis passing through its center,
loses energy by friction. perpendicular to its length. The mass of each oxygen atom
(c) h = 3R/2 (iii) Sphere spins anti- is 2.66 × 10–26 kg, and at room temperature, the average
clockwise, loses energy separation between the two oxygen atoms is
by friction.
(d) h = 7R/5 (iv) Sphere has only a d < 1.21¥10,10 m.
traslational motion, (a) Calculate the moment of inertia of the molecule about
looses energy by the z-axis. [HOTS]
friction. [Exemplar] (b) A typical angular speed of a molecule is 4.60 × 1012 rad/
s. If the oxygen molecule is rotating with this angular
Short Answer Questions [2 or 3 Marks Qs.]
speed about the z-axis, what is its rotational kinetic
1. Two point masses 4 kg and 6 kg are moving along the same energy? [HOTS]
straight line with speed 3 m/s and 2 m/s respectively. Find 2. A rigid sculpture consists of a thin hoop (of mass m and
the velocity of their centre of mass if both the masses are radius R = 0.15 m) and a thin radial rod (of mass m and
moving in (a) the same direction (b) opposite direction. length L = 2.0R), arranged as shown in Fig. The sculpture
[HOTS] can pivot around a horizontal axis in the plane of the hoop,
passing through its center.