SDPageNo

Date

Uait 2 Tatinite impulse ces.po.nseiHe1S

Mapping echoiques fo TIR ilderS
T
Tmpulse nNariance mehod

hln)=h CoT)

t halo)
hla)=
Impulse response
e) T
of
analog uler
Sampled desixed impulse esponse

His)= A
S-P
Aa
S-Pa
Aa
S-P3
A
S-Pm
T
Siaple disiact poles

H(S) A
S-P:
-A-

h4) Aie u) Taki nq TLT at

S-a

By Sampling hi+)

hin) A:e AT unT) n.

HCz)= 2hcn) z

H(Z)=_ AieulaT)
PiT
Hz)= Ae
iEL
M A (3)
HC2) t-e
 De
Compang

S-Pi
e
-
)
ez2
R

3)
Date

dasi
Page No

plwem
S- e z iT

Z=eST-(5
S=Ctjn& z=Te

e e T
JAT
- Case 3

CT
e CaSe
Ase 6<0 LHS S-plane
NL inside c unit cirte

Selane
2-plane
geNo

SSPage
Date

case 2)

Retz)

S:planae
2-plane
PHS S-plane
OUtside he unii crele.

case
-E
s

aSe

mgayo sae mappiAg

 SP
Date
Page No

B
1)H,
H,CS)S+1
find

method a
HCz) using impulse
givenHLs)_

HS S+2

1g ISec.

H,S) .5
(S+1)
S+1

By impuls e TAv me thod

S-Pi I
ez-1 By
Hz) 1-e -0-3G7 z 1-5
CS+1)

S+2)

H(z) (S+2)
+0:135 z
HCZ)_ =E
.2)HCS) 0.5(St4) find Hl2).
(St1) (S+2)
by using orha Eatcon 22pan Sion
A
S+1) (st1)

A oslsth)

o5(44
-t2
St1) s-
5 15
 SPage
Date

ONanante B0SCS+)
(Stu)
S=-2
5I(Ste)
O: -(2)
(-24)

5
(S+1)

By TIM
1:5
(S+)
St2)

(S*)
methad

CS+)

(S+2)

HC2) E
( e)

-
7
1
1-.135

E 1:5 (-o135 2)-1-.3 z)

C-0-36 2)(-d-1352)

5-a.2025z-|E 0.962
1-o135 2-O.3aZ +6.04Gaz
0-5+ o 16z_
1-o.Lg5z'40.0462
.A
HCS)=

CS+S)
S
(S+5)CS+2)_

CS+2)
Is o. Sec

(4
re
Date

0
Page No

H
A S+2
-5
S+2

S
S+5
-S_

S:-2
3e (Ste3 el

2 2 6.c1 e)
-2+5

J.G
CS+S) CS+2)
B TIM_metho.d.

HZ)

-e-1 L-0.GoG 2
H2)
1-e-1

-a338
 Page No
SDS
Date

1-o1352')-6.G2(1éoolaz
-e Co6z C-0-13s z)

1-0gs2 by simplit cahan

4a74642

(
te)

T
 SPoge
Date

han
mpulse iavariance me hod. (used for low pass
&hand-p
Priters).

Many 0neMappinq
D
Sta -e2cashT
al- ezcos

)
CSta)4+62 bT+e D19

(Sta+ b2
-2 aT SinbT
zcosbT +ea2

Sto.1
Bili
hind HLz)
(Sto)9
Hee by fan mua l2)
HS
HS)_ -Sta

e
1-e

CS+a'+ 62

H(Z) =E
T
z coS3T
-2e O.1

zcos3T+e2T2
Ine
.2) HLS) = 1:34
CSto-2*+C1-34)2
Hee
a:g.2S
hy ermua
b |9g.
( 3)
Csta+b2
b
COT-T
HCZ) e
2e 2
0.|T

°.2sST
Sin :34T
cos 39+ ST2
Trap

OT
 Page No
Date

IIR design

Digital Tmpuls e Inv LAppoimat'L Tm p Tnv

Pre BLT LT
Digital Analo Buikr Worh HIS)->H(Z)
fre4 chebyshev

XBilinear transtammatian method

Mappinq rom S 2 is lone-to- one

HS)=b
S+a
- ecsta yls) b.zls)

Jakinginve-rse laplace tens etm

dylt)+ay)=
d+
bx)
dntegrahion bet limits AT-1&AT
T sT
dut)
d+ d t aLtdib
nT.T nT-T
d
(OT-T)
Iropezaidal rule Avmenic integation

att dt T a(n1)+aloT-T)

0T-
yOT-ylOT-ID+21yloT)
2
t aT 4LAT-1)
=bT(nT) bT 2lnT-1)
Ca)
 Cn) 2ylz)
zytz). No
(n-1) Date

oP eq (2) wher
Tahing 7-Transfam

HZ)=yZ)
Xz)

t21-2\a
Compaing e c ka-
His)= b
S+a
b

+z
Z=ST
S6
Z
tj
rew
S2 1 eiw4

-t 2Sinw
I++2rcasu I4 CoS
eNo

Page No
Date

where

++2Tcogw
o2 44rcosw
2sinw

TYei4
w uya
ea

2
2

E SiA/2
Cos w/

2tan u2
tan 2
2tan Analegieq

2 2
w-2tan T Dgital req

rcosu
 DS Page No
Date

KOne to o0e mapping

CompNd
Appos
Ths

Bu4er
Ssh
chehy
Elipheca

Tdea

auenc up pin

EatoreTange A S mapped o-to heQnge Burtler

T SIL hemappinq is aon linear

w añ2T2
So low bequepcies o analog domau R
ezpanded in digital domain whesea hghe Psequane
a Campessedin digital domain
Thisnonlineatity ot arc tangent finchoa d
he ePlect of bilinear ansfemation echoique iscaur
chebuhe
equency wraPPLn9
To avoid eq uappinq he analag besuand
a pre wrpp.ed by seung 2 tanw

E
No

eAAr Date
Page No

Appxoximalion
Threeype
Buerwodh
chehy shev
appekimakion Po
blems

Elliphkal
Theo
bA

Lpf LpF
Tdeal pmticaliid

nge ButHerworthh Approimaton

antie.

chebyshev app

aled
A 2
T
3Eehca appoe'r
 PageNo
Date

BuHeuorhappoimatian

p
V
CdD)
er
As cdB)

Passba nd p
Transi
band
StoP
ban d

Magartude func bulleruworhLpF

4E2
OSHlia)]L

Ap-Passhand atteauaioaCdB)
A Stopband L

s
p passhand foeq
Stopbaad freq
2
2T
TEfe.
Fs.
E Pamamete Speciyng alowade
Passhand
Sapband
 SPa
Date
e No

E AP
lo N log (/E)
oAs tag
p.s

2N N-
Hs)
Hs)
Hz) a
-
CS-PJ CS-P)r CS-P)

e HCS)
N

TT (S-P)
mUTtpty o braCHet
 Page No
Date

Q1) Delemine clow p.cuegbutHeHity

ovderr
u
ausingis
3dpoate nvaton at 00Hz 4 dn
fiter
hal
atlenuation at looo Hz
0.AS
oAP
:(4o
oC3)

Nou p2 Ep
nFs
2 Tt

2Lood
x200

N log 99-9 Step-11

4eo 7

yimp
N 12.9 13-

N=13 |
geNo

Page No

b
Date

hat Usng impulse ovamiance mehod desigo abueworh

iter uwhithSaksfies he
08 H(eiwy |1 ow so2
ollowingcondiions
T1

HCel) <o2 wsTT

let Samplinq period be 1Sec
He)=HZ)
PaR hand Ze'w
StoPpand

.2T O4n T

Step 1
- Fiad anala9 foeguen.cie

p_o.2I1 pAnal
Digitd
fre s S f.
by impulseiov methad

p 0:2 2s 0.G IL
0 For 2

+
O.75 (po2-03 4.a8
 Page
Date
No

drder t nler. HLE)=

GLep-5

Sep2N Loq E
p
log./6.7s)
TT
0.2

N L72
O4
o
Sep-3Cot P equeny

.2L
/2
0.75
725 rad šecei

Pn
SHep -4Calculale pales
CN+2kt ToN
ko Hl)=
0 d32e
e"2*o4i) TT/4
O:}2 e

O.92o3040.70
-0:Sogj(a Seg

ork 12e2421)T /4

92 T4
6:2 Cos S +sin ST
6So JC0.Sog)
Page
No

Page No

Date

Step-5
HCS)
P
(S-Po)(S-

Co.72)
(S+0:So3-j.563) (S+6 Sj6.53)

So Sas
O S1
j53)s s (0.503ja.s0)
+Co.ss)-(o 5os)2

O518
s+s+o.5o
S19
F sts to.S
O:5133
A.

H)= 02G ia22

H(2)
(s4a+b2
easinlbT)- ee
aT
So6.S13-
513)4(o.512

HCZ) 26
2e
-
.
2a2cos (bT)+
T Sin
.513T
S13
(o:S13)2
CasCo.s13T)e02T2
ge No

No

Date

Cheby sheyappoimation
Tuo ype

ype Tpe C
1

J
AP

TF 1s NeA
Loz
lHia)
P
2 E-Rieple paramelkr ua passband
20.47z-

N
CN chebygheu

= CoS
Co Sh
s
palynamial.

lAs
-Ap
s\
Poles chebyshev Tfa locaded on elDipse inSplane

a b2

Splane
 SDS
Date

E+Ne24
a:p
6
/N VN
M
2

2N
a.coso jbsin

HS = K
(S-Po)CS-P,) Stp

+2 bo

Shep-2
No

Page No

Design
Date
710122
adigitalcheby shev
luSing Bilinea
fider to SakisAy
ansformakion
he oll

02 OSt
Stp-
1422
42 Lo. I+2
|-0.99 Loug.e 0l0.o1A2

ep- upo21
ASin B1
an
p 22 á
s an o.G
aa 0.SIr 2
adis

adls
 PageNo
Date
L

Skp -3 Ordera iier

N Cosh' cash s
cos s cosh 521
o

1.G54 24
Step-.Pale P acas@ bsin@L

-15S5

a pu2 2
= 02
bA p 2 1=010

XN N-

4
ST
No

Page No
Date

Po 24g Cos 2,

-020+dLgj
+jo-7o Sin I
P, O.29g Cos ST d.2a Sin s
020o4-O H

HLS) k
(S Po) (S-P1)
S6:204-j0S) (stooL iyo5]|
Hs)

+2 O.2q- 0. 265
HS S+0uo8 S
0.205L
o 29

Pots

HCz)
4/2-1 +2xo-L0$/7l4a.291
24
 Page No Adv
Date

Erplas
O.205L2H

242-244+6 B16 2-61G +029z4 o.s.

O570
h2) 205z CO 412 020 SB

z - G:Co 2

Com Par Son d TIM BLT

Aapu lse av metho d near ianSm

TH18
ma ppng-
many o an one to one maAping

Abalaq & digtal beq ladauon Analaq digital beq

e
Telahea iS Ao 0-line ar
T

3 This methed suPfers he3 No Alainqis thee

pm blem o Alhasing.

4) Low pass Ludes band pass 4 Al ktes_Can be

ileCan be designed but designeed.
Aoi high_pa98 band jecded.

5) Sdomain
is
to
lengh- Pro ce&
7
ConNPsaA
.
sosz=22-1
ea sy
conve8ie

2+

G ellect
uTaRPinq.
at e4uen.cy G) Freq wapping Can
ehminaded by phewapp 2ing
 a) Adv& dis adv of LT Date

Eplan
How tCan
eftee
be
ot
eliminale
ncy
d1
wep plAg n BT.

Aq
 Module 3 Date

FTR ilHer design.

He
CharacderiStics FIR leS
EIR lers are inberantly Sleble.
1f ovnded ilppodiuce bounded olphen
hen h. )Sye
the
Syslem is Stable.

M-
YCo b «(n-k) G)_
Taking 7- ansfenm-
M-
z) 2bx x(z)z
K=0
M
H=ylz) bZ
Taue TzT,aeqeq" u).
hco) bA 0
for SnSm-
6herwso Qsde-

Fepaad e
yn bo(o) b,xl0-1)4 b,zln-2)t
txpan d e(2
ytn) 6)2lo) h) 2l0-1)4 hca)xlo2)4
-2) h2n- hln-
 SDS Page No
Date

Hee hlo) h1),hle) are constank

So bounde d lp pooducee bounde d olp

2)Symmeti Ani Symmetric FIR itek

liaear phase
hin) th(m-l-)
mpulSe oeS ponse SSummetmc o antsmme tiC
M-
A
2
A-0

A-2
h
h(o
hl8-1-
(1)

h(2) E hlG--2)
=
h 3)
hu h
h(8-1-o) =h7)

hl6--3) -h
ho)
=hl5s)

9--4)=hr3
Symmetmc
Candihan

A:S-h(5) hs-l-5)= h2)

hlel hL41-6)=hu
T h(o) h(m-I-n Anhsummeic caaditOA

Order ot fiters ighe erd e

FIR no feedback CNonreursSi ve)Conly zeos)
R- feedhack (Retuxssive)hoth pales& Zeos).

n-M
 Paga Page No
Date

4)Con Stant aoup & pho delay

what is the ondut On Pooit.mp.uulse
o FIR ttr o satis
SpAAsg
for constant goup kph
delay aad far only ConS-tant goup delay.

For FIR iter

H(Z)=_E ho)2
To cbtauaJumaanitude phase
z=e
M-
HCe) >hte
y htn) CoScn NSinwn

Mw)HLeiu))
w tan
D0 hin) Cos wn

Re(HCel)TmHe9
TmgHeo)
hto)Sinwn

F
ReHCe)) Ma
Tp-plw) X Ta =-d plu)
naahag
TDUp delau Pasa d
iter
fned ahe _delaged espa
Shauld be cans

fuaction_dfwto a
sinal

ConstaOR
Lnea
kikR_haehave phas delay gp
ganup delay
de
 Page No

Date

w) tadLTng (H(e)) wZ
ase
Re CHlei"))L
m
hCo)Siowa

hto) cos w(n)

M-
tan uwT ho)Sn wA

heo Cos wn

Soloton

M above eq Ss

For FIR PHer M= ihfollouwnq ansk fation

cham deer mine magnitude ekponge that shaw
the ph age å goup delay's ae conStant
1Maq esponse M-
)Tp &Tg.
H(z) = 2 hto)

anAidinp

Hz) hto) hn)z

T M-1
2 5=
HZ=hlo)h)Žtht)z+ ht1o)z
 Page No
Date

h
HC) |hlo)2 hu)zh(2)2hl3)zhluz
+hl1a)z5 5 a
Shaw

Siace hta) hlm-n) bln)=

HIZ)=hLa)z i)hu +hlal
+h3) 7)} h(4)lztz
3
prel
Hlz)
hlS)
Z HCZ

H (el)=z he)u S+hLe

h(5)
Hle)-e htS)+ hnlcos(z-0u
No w
He) -JSw
M(w)
Magautude sporge
pho
olw)=-Sw pheg sponse
1Su
CosSujSin Sw htn)

Plo)= Sin5
Cossw
H
sdanSu pu
tan plw)- Su
w -(5a) S
-
Tg d(P)) -d-Suo)
w S.
 SDSP Page No

Date

Showhat ZSthe zen od linea

S algo the zeo of -he
iHec
phage iHer,Hhen

zeos ilte ae alua4R ioatcipsocoal)

bo) 1mpwse aesponse

HLZ) =zhtn

H(Z) =
M htn)z

if ziszen then
M-
H(Z) hn2 h
0-i)
Now
H(Z= S hn)z
M-T

Forlinea phase
hin) = h(M-1-n)
M-I

H()= 2 nM--n)zn
po+(M-n) pP-
O-M-l-p
P-M-1,
umik
M-
n:0
P0
 SDS PageNo
Date

H(Z)
M
2 -CM-1-P
hp) Z,-
2
P-
Zi2,
h(P)
TV-
W
ZM- 2hlp) z
M-
P-0
Se

HZ DGi
2Cal
3)Calc
Thus Z 0 ane ze o hrear_phagefle

RfIR HHers Qr designed by

HCeiu) desied Beq esponse of diqta Rrer ove

Hale 3u
haL
ohewISe

Ler
No

Page No
Date

Window techaiquo
hln)= han)x u
sleps e daaign

Given
Calculake
desied impulse
hatn) usin q
e sponse of fite Cdigitat). Hale
inVerseouier dansform (DIETD
3|Calcul ode der Coe Pltiends using indaw func

He) w<wL
otheeuse

TM-]
oveSe DIE
Jwn

21- HLeDe
haln) = duw

J T wR
21T w
w
hin) 1: eun-do

hain E Sinln-t)
TT (n-T)
.n
htn 2 hin) ha(n)x w (n)

=
 Page No
Date

Windous. Typee

L) Rectangular
win) =f
0 OhewISe
o n<M-1

M A0 C Samplerinwln
B
M-

Hamm cwindawi

Whm =0.S4 0.4 cos

M-
IA

o herwi se W

3 Hannna windou
Wn) Mos9Tal
0.56:5 cos2210
 Page No

ate

) arleat(Tiangudar wjndew)

wCn) - 2ln) fornšM-1

M-

5 Black man uindo w

mandar
wamminhg
anninq

Wln)0u2 cos
0-5 na 0os cos 2M-I
Tin
M-1

-A
 by
HC Sane Problem ng windous. Page No
emaunI Date

fikr coe£Gicienk htn) *alsd design Lpe w

wih
Deemine

)
following obsined
Rectangula
equencie
2)Hamming
esponse uSing
3)HenningY Dlackn.

H (e)=
hewSe
HAl Toverse nFT h4 Ln):

haln) HaCe eun dw

2T

2
u dw
-T/u T/
n2) do
21
TtJ

jwn-2)
2 IT

2TT
ln-2)

T/4n-2)

Cn-2)
J t/n-2

TT(-2)
Sinrn2) Sino =e2
hn) Sin 4ln-2)
Shifirgis
Sby 2Samp
by 2-Sare
Tn-2)
 SDS
Date
Page No

TM-=2
larman ME 441
M 55

hain= Sin r to-2 0Sns n0, M-

TTCn-2
tn2 TI4
1/4
hl2) 2T
wt2-2)
e dw Cw]
-TTJ 2 TT T1/4 2T1 TI4

21T 0.25

0 herw se

han) Cwln) hln)Ehala)xWln)

Sio an-a)o:l hLo)d1G
TTCO-3

h)
Sin u-1),
6.12 5 b
o.225

0.25

O2S h (3)6.225

2 3.
Sin u) : o.225

(4)
Sin2T h4 o.16
 I rage No
Date

hlo), for he
a) Deermine the fider Coetficienl9 dasiy

fequencyesponSe j3w
HsCeiu)=e
USing hamming window

H(e) DI£T hatn)

JTrverSe

hln)= 2T Halei nw
2T
3w Jun
w
2 TT
w(n-3) w
n-3) R
2T
Cn-3)
TJ2
(T/2 (n-3))
J(TI/2 (n-3))
2TT
LLo-3)

Sin Lo-3|
(e
htn)
TT(n-3)

SLO To-3)
3
2
TCo-3)
 SPageNo
Date

T M-L 2 eabar
M= 6+|L
M-2
ha(n) StnT(o-3) n<6
TT (n-31
n-o,12 M

at n 3 T/
i(3-3)
2TT

+T2
2TT

or hammLnq ondow
whmn) zsS4 Ho4Gcos2T1n
M-I

A haln) hln)=haloyuh
Sin311/a) 01oG
STT
Sin C2n/2) O

3
Sin C-n/2)
- 0-313 -3

5
 SPay Page No
Date

hylo)
Desiga linear phase FER low pass iHer lenghi
alinea
with cu+ of f fe Tad/s uSing oectangqlgT windo

Ha (w)=-
We Lrad ls h
InVera DIET
w w Sin
Jwn
batn) 2
Hi(w)ed

2 2

Jwn 3
21 j
2TJo
n-in)
e
2iO.
ne
2 J
S

hatn) Sinn
TTA

halo) 1 fe°dw
2t 2T T 2T

2
2 Tt

hato)

TE M =7-I G-3
Atn) Sinlo-3)
Mn-3 eaceptfoor n:3
 S.65

SDSPageNo
Date

hato)=
TT (n-3)

ha (n) wn) hln) hatn)xwn)

SinCn-3)=o015
Hn 3) O 015

O144

2 O.2G

3 T:0.91 g.318

4 O 267
.I4y
S O44
O-o15
 O2 0.Scos(to oo cos (2M-I
SDPageNo
Date

Samepo blem om blask manwindow

ha(n Blacman hin)

.61 O

O-21 O.03

2 .26ob 63
3 6.31 o 4 O.267

-26 O.G3

5 14S O63
0 015
 Page No
Date

tequen.cy Sampling Method

TyeeT design
2) Type

Tyee I Desigo
M-I
hlo 1Hlo)42 H (x)e
M
LH
M 42 reH()e M
M-even

Type T
- Design
M-3
ReH(k) Ck¥AJ- M-odd
hn) M
elHtk) *k**)n M even.
M