Hypertext Markup Language

(HTML)
Overview to HTML
• Hyper Text Markup Language,
• standard markup language for creating Web pages,
• describes the structure of Web pages using markup,
• elements are represented by tags.
What is World Wide Web (WWW)?
• combination of all resources and users on the Internet,
• comes from the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C),
• “universe of network-accessible information, an embodiment of human
knowledge”.
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)?
• international community,
• group work together to develop standards for world wide web,
• lead the Web to its full potentials by developing relevant protocols and
guidelines.
Internet
• a global computer network,
• provides a variety of information and communication facilities,
• consist of interconnected networks using standardized communication
protocols.
Network
• an interconnection of a group of computers or digital devices.
DC
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Evolution of the Internet
• begins with the development of electronic computers in the 1950s,
• originated in several computer science laboratories in the United States,
United Kingdom, and France,
 directed by managed by
Robert William Taylor Robert William Taylor

Arpanet
• world's first operational network, and
the predecessor of the global
Internet.
• was developed by the U.S.
Department of Defense.
The Internet was an Accident!
• The Internet was a result of an
unsuccessful military and academic research
program!
Why is it called the Internet?
• Short for “internetworking.”
History of the Web (1989)
 Growing up, Sir Tim was interested
in trains and had a model railway in
his bedroom. He recalls:

“I made some electronic gadgets to control

the trains. Then I ended up getting more
interested in electronics than trains. Later
on, when I was in college I made a
Sir Tim Berners-Lee is a British computer out of an old television set.”
computer scientist. He was born in
London, and his parents were early
computer scientists, working on one
of the earliest computers.

After graduating from Oxford University,
Berners-Lee became a software engineer
at CERN, the large particle physics laboratory
near Geneva, Switzerland. Scientists come from
all over the world to use its accelerators, but Sir
Tim noticed that they were having difficulty
sharing information.
“In those days, there was different information on
different computers, but you had to log on to different
computers to get at it. Also, sometimes you had to
learn a different program on each computer. Often it
was just easier to go and ask people when they were
having coffee…”, Tim says.
Tim thought he saw a way to solve this
problem – one that he could see could also
have much broader applications. Already,
millions of computers were being connected
together through the fast-
developing internet and Berners-Lee realised
they could share information by exploiting an
emerging technology called hypertext.
 By October of 1990, Tim had written
the three fundamental technologies
that remain the foundation of today’s
web (and which you may have seen
appear on parts of your web browser):
• HTML: HyperText Markup Language.
The markup (formatting) language for
the web.
• URI: Uniform Resource Identifier. A
In March 1989, Tim laid out his vision for what would kind of “address” that is unique and
become the web in a document called “Information used to identify to each resource on the
Management: A Proposal”. Believe it or not, Tim’s initial web. It is also commonly called a URL.
proposal was not immediately accepted. In fact, his boss at
the time, Mike Sendall, noted the words “Vague but
exciting” on the cover. The web was never an official CERN
• HTTP: Hypertext Transfer Protocol.
project, but Mike managed to give Tim time to work on it in Allows for the retrieval of linked
September 1990. He began work using a Next resources from across the web.
Computer, one of Steve Jobs’ early products.
GUIs (Graphical User Interface)
• GUIs added some
color and layout,
but still were not
very interesting.
The World Wide Web Saved the Internet!
• Hyperlinks were invented
• The mouse was invented to click on hyperlinks
• The URL (Uniform Resource Locater) was invented.
Mosaic: The First Web Browser
• Very slow
• Did not handle loading pictures very well
• Modems were very slow
• Did not give an indication of the potential of this medium
1994 – A Big Year for the WWW
• Tim Berners Lee in develops the World Wide Web Consortium to develop
standards for the Web
1994 -- 2000
• The Internet exploded during this period.
• The first commercial site was Amazon.com.
• In 1994 the World Wide Web grew by an astounding 2300 percent!
• Amazon saw that online shopping was the wave of the future
Browser Wars
• Browser?
• software program which is used to show web pages
• Netscape was the standard until 1998
• It folded and was taken over by AOL
• Microsoft Internet Explorer snagged 96% of the browser market
• IE has only recently been challenged by the excellent Mozilla browser
• …
 HTML Continued…

Tags
 Codes enclosed in brackets
 Usually paired
<TITLE>My Web Page</TITLE>
 Not case sensitive
<TITLE> = <title> = <TITLE>
Creating a Basic Starting Document
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Caraga State University - Ampayon</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
This is what is displayed.
</BODY>
</HTML>
Head
• The HEAD of your document point to above window part
• <head></head>
• The TITLE of your document appears in the very top line of the user’s
browser
• <title></title>
Body
• Document properties are controlled by attributes of the BODY element