Republic of the Philippines

QUEZONIAN EDUCATIONAL COLLEGE, INC.

Dr. Ramon Soler Street. Zone II Poblacion
Atimonan, Quezon
Tel. No. (042) 316-4129 / Email: qecatimonan@yahoo.com.ph

COLLEGE DEPARTMENT

Code : GE 3
Course Description : Art Appreciation
Semester : 1st Semester / S.Y. 2022-2023
Instructor : JAY L. CAMUÑAS, MAEd
Course : Bachelor of Secondary Education
Major in English-1B
Students : Kristine Mae C. Maguindayao
Jerome Mondigo
Andrea May Madera
Leah Marqueses
Date : October 30, 2022.
Contact No. : 09101289940

I. Title of Report
DIFFERENT ART MOVEMENTS
PHILOSOPHICAL IMPORT OF ART
-integrity
-proportion/consonance
-radiance/clarity

II. Objectives
 To identify different art movements.
 To nurture the current knowledge of students regarding art movements.
 To enhance and develop the interests and skills of students.
 To put into practice the concept of arts.
III. Preliminary Activities
 Prayer
 Greetings
 Discussion

IV. Brief Introduction

Art movement is a collective name given to series of art with a
common style, philosophy and technique. It is a distinct artistic style, a trend
that is practiced by different artists that maps a particular period of cultural
development in the history of art. Some of the most recognizable art works in
the entirely of human history was created by deep cultures and ideologies
existed during such time period. The artworks were symbolic, stylized and
explored a myriad of techniques to express the artist’s creativity. As the
researcher go further, they come up with 24 art movements that is popularized
by the artists like the Impressionism, Art Nouveau, Futurism, Pop Art,
Surrealism, Bauhaus, Art Deco, Cubism, Modernism, and much more. Along
with the different art movements, another topic is the Philosophical Import of
Art. Under it is integrity, proportion/consonance, and radiance or clarity.
Integrity is “present when the thing has all that makes up its substance.”
Proportion is generally about the relationship of the size of one element when
compared to another. Radiance or Clarity is basically the feature of an object
that draws attention to it and encourages viewers to look at it again or continue
to do so. Therefore, the integrity, proportion/consonance, radiance or clarity is
what makes an artwork rich in uniqueness of meaning, more aesthetic or
pleasant to the eye, and what makes an artists known for their remarkable
technique in making their artworks, and much more.

V. Discussion
Art Movement
Art movement is a tendency or a style of art with a particularly specified
objective and philosophy that is adopted and followed by a group of artists
during a specific period that may span from a few months to years or even
decades. It also refers to when a large number of artists that are alive at the
same time collectively adopt a certain, uniquely distinguishable form or style of
art that can be held apart from contemporary styles and methods. This method
then becomes immensely popular and goes on to define an entire generation
of artists.
Art movements usually begin because something will trigger the art movement
due to a specific time or place. This will usually be based on the artist’s
interest or even some political movement or changes in society.

Why are Art Movements Important?

 Art Movements Help Us Understand History- According to Amy
Lowell, “Art is the desire of a man to express himself, to record the
reactions of his personality to the world he lives in.” Art movements and
history help tell us about the sentiment and the people who live during a
specific time. But more than that, we see what the artist saw as they
were creating the artwork more accurately than any history book. We
see the art through the artist’s eye.
 Art Movements Introduce New Art Techniques- Georgia O’Keeffe
said that, “I found I could say things with color and shapes that I
couldn’t say any other way – things I had no words for.” If you are an
artist, it helps you to be able to view art from new eyes, as you
understand the different art movements and the period the artist created
the artwork. It helps us to understand what made that particular artist
unique or essential.
 Art Movements Give New Artistic Themes- According to Roy
Lichtenstein, “Pop Art looks out into the world. It doesn’t look like a
painting of something, it looks like the thing itself.” Art movements are
important because they allowed us to view the lives of the artists during
their time and see what influenced them. It helps us to understand and
know what motivated them to paint and why.
 Art Movements Shows Us Great Art Requires Collaboration- In the
New York Agora Gallery, it was mention that, “Art collaborations, when
done right, can be a beautiful thing. History has proved time and again
that two creative minds can sometimes be better than one. Even today,
artists are increasingly collaborating with each other and with creative
 professionals from other field.” When we look at our history throughout
the ages, art movements are usually always collaborative. Artists
worked together and supported one another as they were tied together
by a common artistic expression and belief system.
 Art Movements and Art Is Constantly Moving- Norman McLaren said
that, “In any art movement, the art has to move into a new phase – a
filmmaker has a desire to make a film that is not like a previous film.”
The art movement shows us that all forms of art are constantly moving
and not standing still. Art is always evolving and developing. New
techniques, materials, and ways of thinking about things continually
change with the skill and artist.

Things to Remember about Art Movements:

 Group of Artists – Art Movements are usually not attributed to the art of one
single artist who is working alone but they are from a group of artists who are
working together.
 Common Beliefs – The artists who are working together (even if they may not
physically be working at the same studio) will share a common belief about art
and the direction of art.
 Common Style of Art – The art movements all show a common style of art
among a group of artists.
 Specific Time –Art Movements emerge for a specific time It can be from a few
months to many years.
 Change in Artistic Direction – The art movement shows a change in artistic
direction for the art world. These artists are not just re-creating old art but they are
actively re-creating something new and fresh for their time period. For many art
movements the new movement was considered avant-garde.
 Public Opinion May Differ – Many of the new art movements at first did not
receive very good reviews from the public and even art critics. This usually did not
stop the artists from believing in the direction of their art work and continuing on.
 External Forces Helped Drive the Movement – Many times changes in the
world affected a group of artists and their art. Example include the industrial
revolution, war, or new spiritual or religious beliefs
 Central figure or Institution – Some art movements start due to a central figure
in the art world that inspires other artists or it can be because of a school the artist
are all attending and this influences them and their work.

DIFFERENT ART MOVEMENTS:

IMPRESSIONISM
Impressionism developed in France in the nineteenth century and is based
on the practice of painting out of doors and spontaneously ‘on the spot’ rather than in
a studio from sketches. Main impressionist subjects were landscapes and scenes of
everyday life.

Impressionism was developed by Claude Monet and other Paris-based

artists from the early 1860s. (Though the process of painting on the spot can be said
to have been pioneered in Britain by John Constable in around 1813–17 through his
desire to paint nature in a realistic way).

Instead of painting in a studio, the impressionists found that they could

capture the momentary and transient effects of sunlight by working quickly, in front of
their subjects, in the open air (en plein air) rather than in a studio. This resulted in a
greater awareness of light and colour and the shifting pattern of the natural scene.
Brushwork became rapid and broken into separate dabs in order to render the
fleeting quality of light.

The first group exhibition was in Paris in 1874 and included work by
Monet, Auguste Renoir, Edgar Degas and Paul Cezanne. The work shown was
greeted with derision with Monet’s Impression, Sunrise particularly singled out for
ridicule and giving its name (used by critics as an insult) to the movement. Seven
further exhibitions were then held at intervals until 1886.

Other core artists of impressionism were Camille Pissarro and Berthe

Morisot with Edgar Degas and Edouard Manet also often associated with the
movement.
 Although originating in France, impressionism had great influence overseas.
Core British impressionists included Walter Richard Sickert and Wilson Steer.

Claude Monet
Woman Seated on a Bench (c.1874)

Garden at Sainte-Adresse
1867
Claude Monet French
 La Grenouillère
1869
Claude Monet

SURREALISM

A twentieth-century literary, philosophical and artistic movement that explored

the workings of the mind, championing the irrational, the poetic and the revolutionary.

Surrealism aims to revolutionize human experience. It balances a rational

vision of life with one that asserts the power of the unconscious and dreams. The
movement’s artists find magic and strange beauty in the unexpected and the uncanny,
the disregarded and the unconventional. At the core of their work is the willingness to
challenge imposed values and norms, and a search for freedom.

The word ‘surrealist’ (suggesting ‘beyond reality’) was coined by the French
avant-garde poet Guillaume Apollinaire in the preface to a play performed in 1917. But it
was André Breton, leader of a new grouping of poets and artists in Paris, who, in his
Surrealist Manifesto (1924), defined surrealism as:
  pure psychic automatism, by which one proposes to express, either verbally, in
writing, or by any other manner, the real functioning of thought. Dictation of
thought in the absence of all control exercised by reason, outside of all aesthetic
and moral preoccupation.

Many surrealist artists have used automatic drawing or writing to unlock ideas and
images from their unconscious minds. Others have wanted to depict dream worlds or
hidden psychological tensions. Surrealist artists have also drawn inspiration from
mysticism, ancient cultures and Indigenous art and knowledges as a way of imagining
alternative realities.

The movement’s aspiration towards the liberation of the mind as well as the
liberation of artistic expressions has also meant seeking political freedom. In many
instances, these artists have turned to political activism. In this way, the revolutionary
concepts encouraged by Surrealism has led the movement to be seen as a way of life.

Since its inception, the ideas and art associated with Surrealism have been
disseminated, embraced and re-imagined through international networks of exchange
and collaboration. Surrealism's core ideas and themes have been adapted and deemed
relevant to different historical, geographical and cultural contexts, enabling it to be
expressed through plural voices.

Joan Miró: Carnival of Harlequin (1924-25)

 CUBISM

Cubism was a revolutionary new approach to representing reality invented in

around 1907–08 by artists Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque. They brought different
views of subjects (usually objects or figures) together in the same picture, resulting in
paintings that appear fragmented and abstracted

Cubism was one of the most influential styles of the twentieth century. It is
generally agreed to have begun around 1907 with Picasso’s celebrated painting
Demoiselles D’Avignon which included elements of cubist style. The name ‘cubism’
seems to have derived from a comment made by the critic Louis Vauxcelles who, on
seeing some of Georges Braque’s paintings exhibited in Paris in 1908, described them
as reducing everything to ‘geometric outlines, to cubes’.

Cubism opened up almost infinite new possibilities for the treatment of visual
reality in art and was the starting point for many later abstract styles including
constructivism and neo-plasticism.

By breaking objects and figures down into distinct areas – or planes – the artists
aimed to show different viewpoints at the same time and within the same space and so
suggest their three-dimensional form. In doing so they also emphasized the two-
dimensional flatness of the canvas instead of creating the illusion of depth. This marked
a revolutionary break with the European tradition of creating the illusion of real space
from a fixed viewpoint using devices such as linear perspective, which had dominated
representation from the Renaissance onwards.

Types of cubism: Analytical vs. synthetic

Cubism can be seen to have developed in two distinct phases: the initial and more
austere analytical cubism, and a later phase of cubism known as synthetic cubism.

Analytical cubism ran from 1908–12. Its artworks look more severe and are made up of
an interweaving of planes and lines in muted tones of blacks, greys and ochres.
Synthetic cubism is the later phase of cubism, generally considered to date from about
1912 to 1914, and characterized by simpler shapes and brighter colours. Synthetic
cubist works also often include collaged real elements such as newspapers. The
inclusion of real objects directly in art was the start of one of the most important ideas in
modern art.

Still Life with Checked Tablecloth

Paris, spring 1915
Juan Gris

POP ART

Pop art, art movement of the late 1950s and ’60s that was inspired by
commercial and popular culture. Although it did not have a specific style or attitude, Pop
art was defined as a diverse response to the postwar era’s commodity-driven values,
often using commonplace objects (such as comic strips, soup cans, road signs, and
hamburgers) as subject matter or as part of the work.
 AMERICAN POP VS. BRITISH POP

Although they were inspired by similar subject matter, British pop is often seen as
distinctive from American pop.

Early pop art in Britain was fuelled by American popular culture viewed from a distance,
while the American artists were inspired by what they saw and experienced living within
that culture.

In the United States, pop style was a return to representational art (art that depicted the
visual world in a recognisable way) and the use of hard edges and distinct forms after
the painterly looseness of abstract expressionism. By using impersonal, mundane
imagery, pop artists also wanted to move away from the emphasis on personal feelings
and personal symbolism that characterized abstract expressionism.

In Britain, the movement was more academic in its approach. While employing irony and
parody, it focused more on what American popular imagery represented, and its power
in manipulating people’s lifestyles. The 1950s art group The Independent Group (IG), is
regarded as the precursor to the British Pop art movement.

Drowning Girl (1963)

 Roy Lichtenstein

DADAISM

Dada was an art movement formed during the First World War in Zurich in
negative reaction to the horrors and folly of the war. The art, poetry and performance
produced by dada artists is often satirical and nonsensical in nature.

Dada artists felt the war called into question every aspect of a society capable of
starting and then prolonging it – including its art.

In addition to being anti-war, dada was also anti-bourgeois and had political
affinities with the radical left.

The founder of dada was a writer, Hugo Ball. In 1916 he started a satirical night-
club in Zurich, the Cabaret Voltaire, and a magazine which, wrote Ball, ‘will bear the
name ”Dada”. Dada, Dada, Dada, Dada.’ This was the first of many dada publications.
Dada became an international movement and eventually formed the basis of surrealism
in Paris after the war

Reciting the Sound Poem "Karawane"

 Hugo Ball

EXPRESSIONISM

Expressionism refers to art in which the image of reality is distorted in order to

make it expressive of the artist’s inner feelings or ideas.

In expressionist art, colour in particular can be highly intense and non-

naturalistic, brushwork is typically free and paint application tends to be generous and
highly textured. Expressionist art tends to be emotional and sometimes mystical. It can
be seen as an extension of Romanticism.

The Scream
Edvard Munch
 ABSTRACT EXPRESSIONISM

Abstract expressionism is the term applied to new forms of abstract art

developed by American painters such as Jackson Pollock, Mark Rothko and Willem de
Kooning in the 1940s and 1950s. It is often characterized by gestural brush-strokes or
mark-making, and the impression of spontaneity.

TYPES OF ABSTRACT EXPRESSIONISM

Within abstract expressionism were two broad groupings: the so-called action
painters, who attacked their canvases with expressive brush strokes; and the
colour field painters who filled their canvases with large areas of a single
colour.

 The action painters were led by Jackson Pollock and Willem de Kooning, who
worked in a spontaneous improvisatory manner often using large brushes to
make sweeping gestural marks. Pollock famously placed his canvas on the
ground and danced around it pouring paint from the can or trailing it from the
brush or a stick. In this way the action painters directly placed their inner impulses
onto the canvas.

 The second grouping included Mark Rothko, Barnett Newman and Clyfford Still.
They were deeply interested in religion and myth and created simple compositions
with large areas of colour intended to produce a contemplative or meditational
response in the viewer. In an essay written in 1948 Barnett Newmann said:
'Instead of making cathedrals out of Christ, man, or ‘'life'’, we are making it out of
ourselves, out of our own feelings'. This approach to painting developed from
around 1960 into what became known as colour field painting, characterised by
artists using large areas of more or less a single flat colour.
 The Glazier
1940
Willem de Kooning
 FAUVISM

Fauvism was an artistic movement between 1905 and 1914. It is

characterized by the use of unnatural colors, such as yellow, pink and purple.
A key feature in the paintings of Fauves is the use of pure colors in bright
sunlight.

Fauvism is a style of painting that got its name from the French word
“Fauve” meaning “wild beast.”
The movement began in France when Henri Matisse was inspired by a piece
of African art that he saw at the home of his friend and artist André Derain.

Matisse became interested in this art form after viewing a similar

piece at exhibitions sponsored by Paul Durand-Ruel since 1895. The paintings
were characterized by their simplified shapes, broad strokes and high-keyed
colors which contrasted greatly with Impressionist paintings which had somber
subjects rendered in muted tones.

The Fauves were interested in color for its emotional and expressive
qualities rather than for its symbolic or naturalistic associations. They
abandoned all academic rules and devoted themselves to fresh, spontaneous
expression in the moment. It is characterized by bright colors that create an
emotional response in viewers.
 ART DECO

The Art Deco movement was a style of design that was popular during the
1920s to the 1930s. The term ‘Art Deco’ is derived from the French, and it translates into
English as ‘a style of art applied to decoration.’ This style emerged in France and then
spread to Europe, North America, and Latin America.

The term itself was coined in 1939 by French art dealer Georges-Pierre Seurat
to describe an exhibition of furniture designed in 1925 for the Paris Exhibition that year
and has since been applied more generally to items such as jewelry, clothing, textiles,
posters and buildings such as the Chrysler Building in New York City.
The architecture is characterized by its use of curves and geometric shapes. The
ubiquity of Art Deco can be found in buildings, furniture, fashion, graphic design,
sculpture- all aspects of life during this era.

This movement featured an emphasis on geometric shapes with a heavy

Egyptian influence such as curved shapes with sharp edges. In addition to Egypt’s
influence on this trend there was also a focus on using vibrant colors to express
themselves through clothing or exterior motifs.
 POST IMPRESSIONISM

Post-Impressionist painters used vivid colors, alternative brushstrokes, and

new ways of representing solid objects to create a more expressive appearance than
what was seen in Impressionist paintings.

The artists created their work by building on the advances made by Monet,
Renoir, and Pissarro. They also took what they had learned from Symbolism and the
Decorative Arts movement of the late 19th century.

Post-Impressionism is an art movement that emerged in the 1880s. It

developed as an extension of Impressionism and is seen as a response to the
naturalistic depiction of objects in Impressionist paintings. Common features of Post-
Impressionist painting include a lack of distinct outlines and bold, broad brushstrokes.

Artists who followed this movement include Vincent van Gogh, Édouard Manet,
Paul Gauguin, André Derain, Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, Maurice de Vlaminck and
Georges Seurat.
 FUTURISM

Futurism art is a form of art that started in Italy in 1909. The Futurists were a
group of artists who wanted to break free from the artistic traditions, so they
experimented with new techniques like Cubism and Expressionism.

It was mainly led by the poet and artist, Filippo Tommaso Marinetti.

The term futurism came from the French word “futur”, which means future. The
Futurists wanted their art to show what life would be like in the future. They were
especially interested in modern technology, so they had images and videos of trains,
airplanes and automobiles.

Futuristic art is art that draws its inspiration from the future. These artists try to
imagine what the world could look like in a few decades or even centuries.

Futuristic art is a subset of science fiction, but it’s also an aesthetic that can be
used for other purposes than depicting imaginary worlds.

It often depicts what the artist believes to be possible with current technology,
but it can also be based on ideas from imagination and research in fields such as
technology, science and space exploration.

This genre of art has been seen in many films and books as well as actual
paintings and sculptures around the world.
 REALISM

Realism art is a genre of art that strives to show things as they really are. It
captures the everyday life and pays attention to detail.

The realism art movement started in the 19th century, when artists like
Gustave Courbet and Édouard Manet were pushing against the bounds of traditional
academic painting. They wanted to depict people in their lives and surroundings without
idealizing them.

It often focused on the lower classes in particular those that were engaged in
heavy manual labor.
 ART NOUVEAU

Art Noveau is a French term that means “new art”. It was an artistic movement,
characterized by the use of fluid, organic lines. Art Noveau artists sought to create works
that were more naturalistic and sensual.

It was an international architectural and decorative style that developed in the

late 19th century in France. The style is characterized by a return to elaborate, flowing,
organic forms influenced by nature and medieval art, as well as an appreciation of the
decorative arts.

The important concepts of Art Nouveau are unity in variety, asymmetry, free-
flowing lines and curves, stylization of plant forms with animals acting as their natural
counterpoints or refined representations. The movement spread across Europe and was
popularized in America partly through the work of American artist Louis Comfort Tiffany.

The style started to decline at the beginning of World War I and quickly
disappeared after the war because of its association with decadence and frivolity.

It is said to have been inspired by the Japonisme movement, which was

popular in France after the Japanese victory against Russia.
It was one of the first art styles to be called “modern”. It was a break from traditional 19th
century art due to its focus on decorative arts and natural forms instead of realism.

The style reached the peak of its popularity during the Belle Epoch of 1900s-
1910s before being replaced by Art Deco.
 MINIMALISM

Minimalism is a style that became popular in the early twentieth century. The art
form is based on a few simple geometric shapes, such as lines and rectangles.
Minimalism uses these shapes to create beautiful artwork.

The term Minimalism was coined by American art critic and writer Donald Judd
in 1968. Since then, the art movement has been adopted by many artists all over the
world.

Minimalism is a form of art that strives to attain maximum results with minimum
means. It is an artistic style that came about in the late 1950s and early 1960s, primarily
in America and Western Europe.

This form of art is characterized by reductive geometric forms often set against
a white or light-colored background. The artist’s goal in this style is to present a sense of
order, clarity, balance, and restraint or calmness through reducing complexity or
ornamentation to its simplest shape or form.
 ROMANTICISM
Romanticism, attitude or intellectual orientation that characterized many works
of literature, painting, music, architecture, criticism, and historiography in Western
civilization over a period from the late 18th to the mid-19th century.

It was also to some extent a reaction against the Enlightenment and against
18th-century rationalism and physical materialism in general. Romanticism
emphasized the individual, the subjective, the irrational, the imaginative, the personal,
the spontaneous, the emotional, the visionary, and the transcendental.

Famous Artists & Artworks

Artworks Artists
Saturn Devouring His Son (1823) Francisco de Goya (1746-1828)
The Third Of May (1808)
 CONCEPTUAL ART
Conceptual art, also called post-object art or art-as-idea, artwork whose
medium is an idea (or a concept), usually manipulated by the tools of language and
sometimes documented by photography. Its concerns are idea-based rather than
formal. By the mid-1970s conceptual art had become a widely accepted approach in
Western visual art.

Other fields of study—such as philosophy, literary theory, and social science—played

a major role in the experience of conceptual art.

Famous Artists and Artwork

Artworks Artists
Fountain (1917) Marcel Duchamp
Coffee Mill (1911)
 NEOCLASSICISM
Neoclassical art, also called Neoclassicism and Classicism, a widespread
and influential movement in painting and the other visual arts that began in the 1760s,
reached its height in the 1780s and ’90s, and lasted until the 1840s and ’50s. In
painting it generally took the form of an emphasis on austere linear design in the
depiction of Classical themes and subject matter, using archaeologically correct
settings and clothing.

Neoclassicism arose partly as a reaction against the sensuous and

frivolously decorative Rococo style that had dominated European art from the 1720s
on.

Famous Artist and Artwork

Artworks Artists
Death of General Wolfe (1770) Benjamin West
Psyche Revived By Cupid's Kiss (1777) Antonio Conova
 CONSTRUCTIVISM
Constructivism, (Russian Konstruktivizm), Russian artistic and
architectural movement that was first influenced by Cubism and Futurism.

It is from the manifesto that the name Constructivism was derived; one of
the directives that it contained was “to construct” art.

Famous Artists and Artworks

Artworks Artist
The Sailor: Self Portrait (1911) Vladimir Tatlin
Composition with Figures (1913) Lyubov Popova
 De Stijl
Originally a publication, De Stijl was founded in 1917 by two pioneers of
abstract art, Piet Mondrian and Theo van Doesburg. De Stijl means style in Dutch.
De Stijl had a profound influence on the development both of abstract art and
modern architecture and design.

De Stijl, also known as neoplasticism, was a famous modern art form that
valued abstraction and simplicity. Clean lines, right angles, and primary colors
characterized this aesthetic and art movement expressed via architecture and
paintings.

Famous Artists qnd Artworks

Artworks Artists
Composition with Lagre Red Plane, Piet Mondrian
Yellow, Black, Gray, and Blue (1921)
Broadway Boogie-Woogie Piet Mondrian
 MODERN ART
Modern art, painting, sculpture, architecture, and graphic arts characteristic
of the 20th and 21st centuries and of the later part of the 19th century.

Modern art embraces a wide variety of movements, theories, and attitudes

whose modernism resides particularly in a tendency to reject traditional, historical, or
academic forms and conventions in an effort to create an art more in keeping with
changed social, economic, and intellectual conditions.

Famous Artworks and Artists

Artworks Artists
The Starry Night (1889) Vincent Van Gogh
The Two Fridas (1939) Frida Kahlo
 SYMBOLISM
Symbolism, a loosely organized literary and artistic movement that
originated with a group of French poets in the late 19th century, spread to painting
and the theatre, and influenced the European and American literatures of the 20th
century to varying degrees.

Symbolism originated in the revolt of certain French poets against the rigid
conventions governing both technique and theme in traditional French poetry, as
evidenced in the precise description of Parnassian poetry.

Famous Artists and Artworks

Artworks Artists
The Crying Spider (1881) Odilon Redon
 PHOTOREALISM

Photorealism is an incredibly realistic painting and drawing

technique in which the entire piece of art is inspired by a photograph. Many
times, people confuse photorealist artworks for real images. The primary goal
of a photorealist was to capture the essence of the photo on canvas.

The word Photorealism was coined by Louis K. Meisel in 1969 and

appeared in print for the first time in 1970 in a Whitney Museum catalogue for
the show "Twenty-two Realists." It is also sometimes labeled as Super-
Realism, New Realism, Sharp Focus Realism, or Hyper-Realism.

TECHNIQUES- According to Meisel, a Photorealist "uses the camera and

photograph to acquire information." While some artists merely utilize the photo
for inspiration, others employ a grid system and project the photo onto a
canvas to then meticulously duplicate the image.

INFLUENCE -Pop art had a significant influence on the Photorealism

movement, which emerged as an opposition to abstract expressionism.
Painters that replicated non-natural visions in their work developed highly
illusionistic imagery.

BAUHAUS
 Weimar, Germany's Bauhaus was the birthplace of a significant art
and design movement. In design studios and workshops, the movement
promoted the practice of crafts by both teachers and students.
The term "Bauhaus design" describes the furnishings, accessories, spaces,
and buildings that sprang from the prominent German school established by
architect Walter Gropius in the early 20th century. Form follows function and
the philosophy of "less is more" were central to the Bauhaus design ethos,
which is still relevant today.

Clean lines, functional shapes with little to no embellishment, basic

colors, and the intelligent use of contemporary materials like glass, concrete,
and steel are all characteristics of Bauhaus designs.

SUPREMATISM

Suprematism is a style of art from the first half of the 20th century that
emphasizes simple geometric shapes and uses a small palette of colors.
Rather of using visual representations of objects, suprematism refers to
abstract art that is centered on "the supremacy of pure creative sensibility."

Suprematism was based on the tenets of rejecting all realism and

appreciating basic geometric shapes like triangles, squares, and circles.
Without using words or typography, they also employed these shapes as
vehicles to express and transmit their ideas to the general audience or the
observer.

Suprematism - Main Features- The overall composition focuses on basic

geometric shapes such as circles, squares, lines and rectangles drawn in a
limited color palette. According to Malevich, he has three levels of progression
black, color and white.

PHILOSOPHICAL IMPORT OF ART

 INTEGRITY - is widely understood to be the capacity to exclude an appropriate
amount of competing, disruptive, and corrupting values that might otherwise
change the initial vision of an artist or an entity in a way that contradicts their
own predefined aesthetic standards and personal values.

PROPORTION - relates to the size of a composition and the proportions of

height, width, and length. Whether something appears realistic or stylized
depends on how proportion is handled. Additionally, proportion refers to the
relationship between the sizes of various elements in a work of art or design.

RADIANCE - is simply defined as "what holds the eye." It refers to the feature
of an object that draws attention to it and encourages viewers to look at it
again or continue to do so. Since clarity is a crucial component of our job,
radiance also has to do with light because it makes it possible.

VI. Conclusions

Art movement is a tendency or a style of art with a particularly specified

objective and philosophy that is adopted and followed by a group of artists
during a specific period that may span from a few months to years or even
decades. The Different Art Movement signifies the importance of art in the
history. Art Movements wants to show to people its unique meaning,
depending on the message of the art, the kind of strokes used, the form of art,
the color, texture, radiance, and many more.

VII. References
 https://www.artyfactory.com/art_appreciation/art_movements/
art_movements.htm
 https://artsandculture.google.com/category/art-movement
 https://www.theartist.me/artmovement/
 https://anitalouiseart.com/why-are-art-movements-important/
 https://www.coursehero.com/file/76386239/Visual-ArtScript11-7pdf/
 https://www.eden-gallery.com/news/art-movement-definition#:~:text=An
%20art%20movement%20is%20a,years%20or%20maybe%20even
%20decades.
 https://anitalouiseart.com/how-do-art-movements-begin/
 https://www.tate.org.uk/art/art-terms/i/
impressionism#:~:text=Impressionism%20developed%20in%20France
%20in,a%20Bench%20(c.1874)
 https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/imml/hd_imml.htm
 https://www.tate.org.uk/art/art-terms/s/surrealism
 https://www.theartstory.org/movement/surrealism/
 https://www.tate.org.uk/art/art-terms/c/cubism
 https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/cube/hd_cube.htm
 https://www.britannica.com/art/Pop-art/Pop-art-in-the-United-States
 https://www.theartstory.org/movement/pop-art/
 https://www.tate.org.uk/art/art-terms/p/pop-art#:~:text=Pop%20art%20is
%20an%20art,1963)
 https://www.theartstory.org/movement/dada/
 https://www.tate.org.uk/art/art-terms/d/dada#:~:text=Dada%20was
%20an%20art%20movement,satirical%20and%20nonsensical%20in
%20nature
 https://www.tate.org.uk/art/art-terms/e/expressionism
 https://www.theartstory.org/movement/expressionism/
 https://www.tate.org.uk/art/art-terms/a/abstract-expressionism
 https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/483872
 https://www.artst.org/types-of-art/
 https://www.britannica.com/art/Romanticism
 https://learnodo-newtonic.com/famous-romanticism-paintings
 https://www.britannica.com/art/conceptual-art
 https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.artnews.com/feature/marcel-
duchamp-puzzling-art-1202688635/amp/
 https://www.britannica.com/art/Neoclassicism
 https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.theartstory.org/amp/movement/
neoclassicism/
 https://www.britannica.com/art/Constructivism-art
 https://www.masterclass.com/articles/constructivism-art-movement
 https://www.tate.org.uk/art/art-terms/d/de-stijl
 https://www.masterclass.com/articles/de-stijl-art-guide
 https://www.britannica.com/topic/modern-art-to-1945-2080464
 https://learnodo-newtonic.com/famous-modern-painters
 https://www.britannica.com/art/Symbolism-literary-and-artistic-
movement
 https://arthistoryproject.com/artists/odilon-redon/the-crying-spider/
#:~:text=The%20Crying%20Spider%20is%20a,Odilon%20Redon
%20called%20his%20noirs.
 https://morsemuseum.org/collection-highlights/paintings/dinkey-bird/
 https://www.art-is-fun.com/photorealism
 https://www.studiobinder.com/blog/what-is-photorealism-definition/
 https://www.history.com/topics/art-history/bauhaus
 https://www.thespruce.com/what-is-bauhaus-style-decor-5187143
 https://sophietabonehistory.wordpress.com/2016/02/03/suprematism/
 https://www.widewalls.ch/magazine/suprematism-kazimir-malevich
 https://academic.oup.com/jaac/article/76/1/9/5981293
 https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zxpnb82/revision/1
 https://bigredandshiny.org/43867/radiant-memories-philosophy-and-
art/q