LEOPOLD’S MANEUVER

- movements or the actions carried b. Breech

out by an examiner during the i. Complete
abdominal palpation of a gravid ii. Frank
mother after 28 weeks of gestation. iii. Footling
c. Shoulder
Prerequisite to perform the palpation are: 6. Fetal Position - relationship of
- Empty bladder presenting part to a specific
- Stand on the right side of the patient quadrant of pelvis
- Make the patient lie in dorsal
position with flexed knees and
expose the abdomen of a woman
keeping her privacy to be maintained
- Rub the hands before going to touch
the mother’s abdomen

TERMINOLOGIES:
1. Fetal Attitude - degree of flexion
● Vertex - full flexion (face
downward, chin to chest,
spine bowed forward, arms
flexed and folded in chest,
legs flexed)
● Sinciput - chin not touching
the chest
● Brow - partial extension
● Face - complete extension,
neck extended
2. Station - relationship of the fetus to
the level of the ischial spine
3. Engagement - setting of the
presenting part into the pelvis
4. Fetal Lie - relationship between the
long axis of the fetus to the long axis
of the mother
5. Fetal Presentation
a. Cephalic - head first
i. Vertex
ii. Brow
iii. Face
OBSTETRICAL GRIPS
iv. Mentum
1. Fundal Grip
- It is performed by using both hands.
- While doing the maneuver examiner
must face toward the patient’s face.
- Examiner places the palmer aspect
of both hands on the fundus.
- Locate which pole of the fetus is
occupying the fundus area. Like-
Cephalic pole, Podalic pole.

2. Umbilical Grip
- It is also performed by using both
hands.
- Here also the examiner must face
toward the patient’s face.
- Palpate the lateral aspect of the
umbilicus, keeping one hand steady
and using another hand to palpate,
and repeat the process on both
sides.
- By this action examiner will locate
the back, limbs, and anterior
shoulder.

3. Pawlik’s Grip
- In this only one hand is used.
- Here examiner facing the face
toward the patient’s face.
- Palpate by keeping the ulnar border
of the right hand at the symphysis
pubis and grasp the presentation.
- By this maneuver, the examiner
Identifies the presentation, descent,
and engagement.

4. Pelvic Grip
- Here examiner again uses both
hands.
- Faces the face toward the patient’s
feet.
- Palpate the presentation, presenting
part, check the engagement and
attitude by using both hands