PHYSICS

CHAPTER 1
1\ TO DRAW WATER FROM A WELL WE HAVE TO \ PULL\
AT THE ROPE
2\ A CHARGED BODY\ ATTRACT\ AN UNCHARGED BODY
TOWARDS IT
TO MOVE A LOADED TROLLEY WE HAVE TO \PUSH\ IT\3
THE NORTH POLE OF A MAGNET\REPELS\ THE NORTH \4
POLE OF ANOTHER MAGNET
TO STRETCH THE BOW, THE ARCHER APPLIES A FORCE \5
\THAT CAUSES A CHANGE IN ITS \SHAPE
THE FORCE APPLIED BY THE ARCHER TO STRETCH THE \6
BOW IA AN EXAMPLE OF \MUSCULAR\ FORCE
THE TYPE OF FORCE RESPONSIBLE FOR A CHANGE IN \7
THE STATE OF MOTION OF THE ARROW IS AN EXAMPLE
OF A \CONTACT\ FORCE
WHILE THE ARROW MOVES TOWARDS ITS TARGET, \8
THE FORCES ACTING ON IT ARE DUE TO \GRAVITY\ AND
THAT DUE TO \FRICTION\ OF AIR
AN INFLATED BALLOON WAS PRESSED AGAINST A \9
WALL AFTER IT HAS BEEN RUBBED WITH A PIECE OF
SYNTHETIC CLOTH. IT WAS FOUND THAT THE BALLOON
STICKS TO THE WALL. WHAT FORCE MIGHT BE
 RESPONSIBLE FOR THE ATTRACTION BETWEEN THE
\BALLOON AND THE WALL? \ ELECTROSTATIC FORCE
WHEN WE PRESS THE BULB OF A DROPPER WITH ITS \10
NOZZLE KEPT IN WATER,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,\ATMOSPHERIC
\PRESSURE
GIVE TWO EXAMPLES EACH OF SITUATIONS IN \11
WHICH YOU PUSH OR PULL TO CHANGE TO THE STATE
?OF MOTION OF OBJECTS
ANS; 1, MOVING A BOOK PLACED ON A TABLE
PUSHING THE MOVING BALL BY A VOLLYBALL PLAYER ,2
.TO HIS TEAMMATE
GIVE TWO EXAMPLE OF SITUATIONS IN WHICH \12
APPLIED FORCE CAUSES A CHANGE IN THE SHAPE OF AN
.OBJECT
ANS; 1 MAKING CHAPATI FROM THE BALL OF DOUGH
.HANGING A WEIGH WITH A RUBBER BAND ,2
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, IN THE FOLLOWING \13
,,,,,,,,,,,A, SQUEEZING A PIECE OF LEMON
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,B, TAKING OUT
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,C, A LOAD SUSPENDED
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, D, AN ATHLETE
 ANS; AGENT EXERTING FORCE
OBJECT ON WHICH IT ACTS FORM OF
OBJECT
A FINGERS 1
LEMON AS WHOLE\ 2 JUICE INSIDE
CHANGE IN SHAPE \ CHANGE IN STATE OF MOTION
B FINGERS 1 TUBE
AS WHOLE\2 PASTE INSIDE
CHANGE IN STATE\ CHANGE IN STATE OF MOTION
C LOAD
SPRING CHANGE IN SHAPE
D GROUND FROM WHICH THE ATHLETE JUMP
ATHLETE ITSELF CHANGE IN
STATE OF MOTION
A BLACKSMITH HAMMERS A\14
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, HOT
ANS; THE FORCE FROM A BLACKSMITH HAMMER
BRINGS A CHANGE IN THE SHAPE OF HOT IRON PIECE
.DUE TO HAMMERING
NAME THE FORCE ACTING ON A PLASTIC BUCKET /15
CONTAINING
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, WHAT
,,,,,,,,,,
 ANS;1 THE FORCES ACTING ON A PLASTIC BUCKET
CONTAINING WATER HELD ABOVE THE GROUND ARE
GRAVITATIONAL FORCE IN DOWNWARD DIRECTION
.AND MUSCULAR FORCE IN UPWARD DIRECTION
THE TWO FORCES ARE EQUAL AND OPPOSITE WHICH ,2
ACTS ON THE SAME BUCKET,GETS CANCELLED WITH
EACHOTHER AND DO NOT BRING A CHANGE IN ITS
.STATE OF MOTION
A ROCKET HAS BEEN \16
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,FIRED
ANS, THE TWO FORCES ACTING ON ROCKET ARE
FORCE DUE TO GRAVITY ACTS VERTICALLY 1
.DOWNWARD
.FORCE OF PUSH ACTING UPWARD 2
.WHAT IS MEANT BY FORCE? WRITE ITS UNIT \17
.ANS; FORCE IS A PUSH OR PULL ON AN OBJECT
IT HAS BOTH MAGNITUDE AND DIRECTION 1
IT UNIT IS NEWTON [N] 2
WHAT IS MUSCULAR FORCE? WHY IS IT CALLED A \18
?CONTACT FORCE
ANS;THE FORCE RESULTING DUE TO ACTION OF
.MUSCLES IS KNOWN AS MUSCULAR FORCE
 SINCE MUSCULAR FORCE CANBE APPLIED ONLY WHEN
IT IS IN CONTACT WITH AN OBJECT, IT IS ALSO CALLED A
.CONTACT FORCE
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,WHAT IS PRESSURE \19
ANS;THE FORCE ACTING ON AN UNIT AREA OF SURFACE
.IS CALLED PRESSURE
PRESSURE= FORCE\AREA ON WHICH IT ACTS
UNIT=PASCAL[Pa]
ON WHICH FACTORS DOES THE EFFECT OF FORCE \20
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,DEPENDS
ANS; THE EFFECT OF FORCE DEPENDS ON TWO THINGS
THE AMOUNT OF FORCE APPLIED. THE MORE THE 1
.FORCE IS APPLIED THE GREATER THE EFFECT WILL BE
THE AREA ON WHICH THE FORCE IS APPLIED. THE 2
SMALLER THE AREA THE FORCE IS APPLIED ON , THE
.GREATER THE EFFECT WILL BE
?WHAT IS ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE\21
ANS; THE PRESSURE EXERTED BY AIR AROUND US IS
.KNOWN AS ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE
 CHAPTER2
FRICTION OPPOSES THE \RELATIVE MOTION\ \1
BETWEEN THE SURFACES IN CONTACT WITH EACH
OTHER
FRICTION DEPENDS ON THE \ NATURE\ OF THE \2
SURFACE
\FRICTION PRODUCES\ HEAT\3
SPINKLING OF POWDER ON THE CARRAM BOARD\ \4
REDUCES\ FRICTION
SLIDING FRICTION IS \LESSER\ THAN THE STATIC \5
FRICTION
FOUR CHILDREN WERE ASKED TO ARRANGE FORCES \6
DUE TO ROLLIN, STATIC AND SLIDING FRICTIONS IN A
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, DECREASING ORDER
ANS; STATIC, SLIDING, ROLLING
ALIDA RUNS HER TOYCAR ON DRY MARBLE FLOOR, \7
WET MARBLE FLOOR, NEWSPAPER AND TOWEL IN
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, INCREASING ORDER
ANS; WET MARBLE FLOOR, DRY MARBLE FLOOR,
NEWSPAPER, TOWEL
SUPPOSE YOUR WRITING DESK IS TILTED A \8
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, LITTLE
 ANS;THE FRICTIONAL FORCE ACTS IN A DIRECTION
OPPOSITE TO THE MOTION OF BOOK,PARALLEL TO THE
.SURFACE OF THE DESK
YOU SPILL A BUCKET OF SOAPY WATER ON A MARBLE \9
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, FLOORACCIDENTLY
ANS;IT MAKES MORE DIFFICULT FOR US TO WALK ON
THE MARBLE FLOOR ON WHICH SOAPY WATER IS SPILT.
AS THE SOAPY WATER COVERS THE IRREGULARITIES OF
THE FLOOR DUE TO WHICH LESS FRICTIONAL FORCE
.ACTS ON IT
.EXPLAIN WHY SPORTSMEN USE SHOES WITH SPIKES \10
ANS;THE SPIKES SHOES GIVES A PROPER GRIP, DUE TO
MORE FRICTION WHICH ENABLES THE SPORTSMEN TO
MOVE OR BALANCE THEMSELVES PROPERLY WHILE
.PLAYING
IQPAL HAS TO PUSH A LIGHTER BOX AND SEEMA HAS \11
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,TO PUSH A SIMILAR
ANS;SEEMA HAS TO APPLY A LARGER FORCE AS SHE IS
PUSHING A HEAVIER BOX. THE HEAVIER OBJECT GETS
INTERLOCKED STRONGLY WITH THE SURFACE WHICH
.PRODUCES MORE FRICTIONAL FORCE
EXPLAIN WHY SLIDING FRICTIONIS LESS/12
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,THSN
 ANS;SLIDING FRICTION ACTS ON MOVING OBJECTS.
WHEN THE OBJECT SLIDES,IT WONT GET PROPER TIME
TO GET INTERLOCK WITH THE SURFACE OF THE FLOOR
PROPERLY.SO SLIDING FRICTION IS LESS THAN THE
.STATIC FRICTION
GIVE EXAMPLE FRICTION AS FRIEND AND\13
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,FOE
;ANS;FRICTION AS A FRIEND
.IT HELPS US TO HOLD OBJECTS IN OUR HANDS ^
IT HELPS US TO WALK PROPERLY^
IT HELPS US FOR STARTING AND STOPING OF VEHICLES ^
IT HEAT PRODUCES BY THE FRICTION HELPS US TO LIT ^
.THE MATCHSTICKS
;FRICTION AS A FOE
FRICTION PRODUCES HEAT WHICH LEADS TO THE ^
.DAMAGE OF MOVING MECHANICAL PARTS
THE SOLES OF THE SHOES GETS OPENED DUE TO THE ^
.FRITION
EXPLAIN WHY OBJECTS MOVING IN\14
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,FLUIDS
ANS;WHEN OBJECTS MOVE THROUGH FLUIDS,THEY
HAVE TO OVER COME FRICTION ACTING ON THEM.IN
THIS PROCESS THEY LOSE ENERGY. THEIR BODIES MUST
 HAVE EVOLVED TO SHAPES WHICH MAKE THEM LOSE
.LESS ENERGY IN OVERCOMING FRICTION
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,DEFINE FRICTION\15
ANS;THE FORCE WHICH OPPOSESTHE RELATIVE MOTION
OF TWO OBJECTS IN CONTACT WITH EACH OTHER IS
CALLED FRICTION. THE IRREGULARITIES OF THE OBJECT
.IS THE MAIN CAUSE OF FRICTIONAL FORCE
WRITE THE FACTORS ON\16
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, WHICH
ANS;THE FRICTIONAL FORCE DEPENDS ON
NATURE OF SURFACE^
THE WEIGHT OF THE OBJECT^
THE SHAPE OF THE OBJECT MOVING IN FLUIDS ^
.WRITE THE DIFFERENT WAYS TO REDUCE FRICTION \17
ANS;1 BY POLISHING THE SURFACE
BY MAKING THE OBJECT ROLL INSTEAD OF SLIDING 2
PROVIDING A PARTICULAR SHAPE TO THE OBJECTS 3
MOVING UNDERFLUIDS
.BY USING LUBRICANTS 4
,,,,,,,,WHAT ARE LUBRICANTS/17
ANS;THE MATERIALS WHICH REDUCES THE FRICTION BY
FORMING A LAYER OVER THE IRREGULARITIES OF THE
 SURFACE ARE CALLED LUBRICANTS. EXAMPLES;OIL,
GREASE, BORIC POWDER,ETC
DEFINE DRAG\18
ANS;THE FRICTIONAL FORCE EXERTED BY FLUIDS IS ALSO
CALLED DRAG
 CHAPTER 3
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS NOT A MEMBER OF\1
THE SOLAR SYSTEM
ANS; A COSTELLATION
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS NOT A PLANET OF THE \2
SUN
ANS; SIRIUS
PHASES OF THE MOON OCCUR BECAUSE\3
ANS; WE CAN SEE ONLY THE PART OF THE MOON
WHICH REFLECTS LIGHT TOWARDS US
THE PLANET WHICH IS THE FARTHESTFROM THE SUN\ \4
\NEPTUNE
THE PLANET WHICH APPEARS REDDISH IN COLOUE\ \5
\MARS
A GROUP OF STARS THAT APPEAR TO FORM A \6
\PATTERN IN THE SKY IS KNOWN AS A \COSTELLATION
A CELESTIAL BODY THAT REVOLVES AROUND A \7
\PLANET IS KNOWN AS \SATELLITE
\SHOOTING STARS ARE ACTUALLY NOT \STARS\8
 ASTEROIDS ARE FOUND BETWEEN THE ORBITS OF\ \9
\MARS\ AND \JUPITER
\POLE STAR IS A MEMBER OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM \F \10
MERCURY IS THE SMALLEST PLANET OF THE SOLAR \11
\SYSTEM\T
URANUS IS THE FARTHEST PLANET IN THE SOLAR \12
\SYSTEM\F
\INSAT IS AN ARTIFICIAL SATELLITE\T\13
\THERE ARE NINE PLANETS IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM\F \14
CONSTELLATION ORION CAN BE SEEN ONLY WITH A\15
\TELESCOPE\F
INNER PLANETS; EARTH,MARS 1\16
OUTER PLANETS;SATURN 2
CONSTELLATION;GREAT BEAR , ORION 3
SATELLITE OF THE EARTH;MOON 4
IN WHICH PART OF THE SKY CAN YOU FIND/17
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,VENUS
ANS;VENUS IS FOUND IN TH WESTERN PART OF THE SKY
AFTER THE SUNSET AND IS KNOWN AS AN EVENING
STAR
WHAT IS A\18
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,CONSTELLATION
 ANS;THE STARS FORMING A GROUP THAT HAS A
RECOGNISABLE SHAPE IS CALLED CONSTELLATION.
EXAMPLES;GREAT BEAR,ORION
WHY IS HE DISTANCE BETWEEN THE\19
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, STARS
ANS; THE STARS ARE VERY FAR FROM EACH OTHER AND
IF WE EXPRESS THE DISTANCE BETWEEN THEM IN KM, IT
WILL BE INCONVENIENCE FOR US SO THEY ARE
EXPRESSED IN LIGHT YEARS. IT MEANS THAT THE
LIGHT OF A STAR TAKES EIGHT YEARS TO REACH THE
.EARTH'S SURFACE
THE RADIOUS OF\20
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,. JUPITER
ANS;GIVEN,THE RADIUS OF JUPITER IS 11 TIMES THE
.RADIUS OF THE EARTH
Rj=11re
VOLUME OF JUPITER Vj=4/3 pie re3
pie[11re]3 4/3=
pie 11*11*11*re3 4/3=
pie re3 4/3*1331=
Vj=1331*ve
.Jupiter can accommodate 1331 earths in it
 EXPLAIN HOW CAN\21
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, LOCATE
ANS;IN SUMMER AT ABOUT 9;00PM. LOOK
TOWARDSTHE NORTHERN PART OF THE SKY AND
IDENTIFY URSA MAJOR.LOOK AT THE TWO STARS AT
THE END OF URSA MAJOR.IMAGINE A STRAIGHT
LINEPASSING THROUGH THESE STARS.EXTEND THIS
IMAGINARY LINE TOWARDS THE NORTHERN DIRECTION.
[ABOUT FIVE TIMES THE DISTANCE BETWEEN THE TWO
STARS]. THIS LINE WILL LEAD YOU TO A STAR THAT IS
.NOT TOO BRIGHT . THIS IS THE POLE STAR
,,,? DO ALL THE STARS IN THE SKY MOVE\22
ANS;NO, THE STARS APPEARS TO MOVE FROM EAST TO
WEST BECAUSE THE EARTH FROM WHERE WE OBSERVE
.THEM ROTATES FROM WEST TO EAST
THERE IS A STAR ABOVE THE AXIS OF ROTATION OF THE
.EARTH WHICH DOESNOT MOVE IS A POLE STAR
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, DEFINE LIGHT\23
ANS;THE DISTANCE TRAVELLED BY THE LIGHT IN ONE
.YEAR IS CALLED LIGHT YEAR
LIGHT YEAR;3*10 RAISED TO THE POWER OF
8*365*24*60*60M
LIGHT YEAR;9.46*10 RAISED TO THE POWER OF12 KM
DEFINE ORBIT\24
 ANS; A PLANET HAS A DEFINITE PATH IN WHICH IT
REVOLVE AROUND THE SUN.THIS PATH IS CALLED AN
.ORBIT
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,WHAT ARE ASTERIODS AND COMETS/25
ANS;THERE IS A LARGE GAP BETWEEN THE ORBIT OF
MARS AND JUPITER. THIS GAP IS OCCUPIEDBY A LARGE
NUMBER OF SMALL OBJECTS THAT REVOLVE AROUND
.THE SUN. THIS ARE CALLED ASTERIODS
COMETS ARE ALSO A MEMBERS OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM.
THEY REVOLVE AROUND THE SUN IN HIGHLY ELLIPTICAL
ORBITS.HOWEVER,THEIR PERIOD OF REVOLUTION
ROUND THE SUN IS USUALLY VERY LONG.A COMET
APPEARS GENERALLYAS A BRIGHT HEAD WITH A LONG
TAIL. THE LENGTH OF THE TAIL GROWS AS IT
APPROACHES THE SUN.THE TAIL OF A COMET IS
.ALWAYS DIRECTED AWAY FROM THE SUN
WHAT ARE METEORSAND\26
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,METEORITE
ANS;A METEOR IS USUALLY A SMALL OBJECT THAT
OCCASIONALLY ENTERS THE EARTHS ATMOSPHERE. AT
THAT TIME IT HAS A VERY HIGH SPEED.THE FRICTION
DUE TO THE ATMOSPHERE HEATS IT UP. IT GLOWS AND
.EVAPORATES QUICKLY
SOME METEORS ARE LARGE AND SO THEY CAN REACH
THE EARTH BEFORE THE EVAPORATE COMPLETELY.THE
 BODY THAT REACHES THE EARTH IS CALLED A
.METEORITE
NAME THE LARGEST PLANET OF THE SOLAR\27
/SYSTEM /JUPITER
NAME TWO OBJECTS OTHER THAN PLANETS WHICH \28
ARE MEMBERS OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM\ASTERIODS AND
\COMETS