LAWS OF MOTION &

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
OF FLUIDS
 FRICTION AND TYPES OF FRICTION

o SLIDING FRICTION – FRICTION INTENDED TO STOP THE MOTION OF OBJECT

◦REFERS TO THE RESISTANCE CREATED BY TWO OBJECTS SLIDING OVER

EACH OTHER. ALSO CALLED KINETIC FRICTION
o STATIC FRICTION- STATIC FRICTION IS A FORCE THAT KEEPS AN OBJECT AT
REST.
◦ THE FRICTION EXPERIENCED WHEN A FORCE IS APPLIED ON A
STATIONARY OBJECT ON A SURFACE WHEN NO RELATIVE MOTION OCCURS
BETWEEN THE BODY AND SURFACE
o ROLLING FRICTION – ROLLING FRICTION ALSO CALLED ROLLING
RESISTANCE IS A RESISTIVE FORCE THAT SLOES DOWN THE MOTION OF
ROLLING OBJECTS
COHESIVE FORCE AND ADHESIVE FORCE

o COHESIVE FORCE – GENERIC TERM USED FOR COLLECTIVE

INTERMOLECULAR FORCES
THEY ARE ATTRACTIVE FORCES EXISTING BETWEEN THE MOLECULES OF THE
SAME SUBSTANCE

o ADHESIVE FORCE- ATTRACTIVE FORCE BETWEEN MOLECULES OF DIFFERENT

TYPES

NB: IF THE ADHESIVE FORCE ACTING ON A LIQUID AND SURFACE ARE STRONGER THEY
WILL PULL THE LIQUID DOWN. HOWEVER IF COHESIVE FORCES AMONG THE
LIQUIDS ITSLEF ARE STRONGER THEY WILL RESIST ADHESION AND CAUSE THE
LIQUID TO RETAIN A SPHERICAL SHAPE AND BEAD THE SURFACE
WORKING OF PENCIL AND CRAYON BASED
ON FRICTION

1. PENCIL
o THE TIP OF YOUR PENCIL AND THE PAPER ARE RUBBING TOGETHER PRODUCING
FRICTION .
o IT RUBS OFF LEAD PARTICLES,WHICH MAKES WRITING OR PICTURE VISIBLE .YOU
CAN DECREASE THE AMOUNT OF FRICTION BY SHARPENING YOUR PENCIL
2. CRAYON
o THE PARAFFIN WAX AND STEARIC ACID ARE SUSCEPTIBLE TO BEING TRANSFERRED
TO A SUBSTRATE WHEN PRESSURE IS APPLIED AND THE CRAYON MOVES OVER THE
SURFACE
o FRICTION PLAYS A ROLE IN THE HEAT PRODUCED
( CRAYON WOUD PROBABLY STILL LAY DOWN MATERIAL WITHOUT FRICTION HEAT BECAUSE OF
THE PHYSICAL NATURE OF THE CARYON BASE AT ROOM TEMPERATURE )
WORKING OF PENCIL AND CRAYON BASED
ON ADHESIVE FORCE

1. PENCIL
o PENCILS CREATE MARKS BY PHYSICAL ABRASION, LEAVING BEHIND A TRAIL OF
SOLID CORE MATERIAL THAT ADHERES TO A SHEET OF PAPER OR OTHER SURFACE. 
o THE MOLECULES OF GRAPHITE AND THE PAPER BY ABRASION THERBY AHDERES TO
THE SURFACE,HOWEVER THE ADHESION IS NOT VERY STRONG (LONDON FORCES)
DUE TO WHICH THEY CAN BE EASILY ERASED

o CRAYON
o PRESSURE-SENSITIVE SOLID ADHESIVES ON THE CRAYONS ARE CAPABLE OF
TRANSFERRING AN ADHESIVE FILM TO A SUBSTRATE BY FRICTION ie; RUBBING OF
THE ADHESIVE ON THE SUBSTRATE.
o THIS ADHESION IS STRONGER THAN THE ADHESION CREATED BY PENCIL ON PAPER