E

UNIT 4
. Workingwith dnwings .n
o Discussingdimensions
and l - r; r - fL
j$
precision rI r-.9Íl
o Describingdesignphasesand {; ilil
I lltt
procedures
o Resolvingdesignproblems

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I Workingwith drawings
ln pairs, discuss the different types of design information needed on a complex
engineering project, such as the construction of a large cruise ship. How many
different drawings do you think might be produced for such a project? How
would they be organised and categorised?

2a )l.t loe, a technician at a shipyard, is talking to Linda, one of his engineering

colleagues in the design office. He is asking about some information which he
can't find on any of the drawings. Listen to the conversation and answer the
following questions.
I What area of the ship are they discussing?
2 What does the technicianneed to know?

Complete the following definitions using the types of drawing in the box.

cross-section elevation explodedüew note phn schematic

specification

1 X p\art\ gives a view of the whole deck, trom above.

2 An - gives a vlew of all the panels,from the front.
3 An - gives a deconstructedview of how the panels are fixed
together.
4 A- gives a cutawayview of the joint betweentwo panels.
5 A- gives a simplifiedrepresentationof a networkof air ducts.
6 A- gives a brief descriptlonor a referenceto another related
drawing.
1 A- gives detailedwrittentechnicaldescriptionsof the panels.

Which two types of drawing in Exercise 2b are examples of general

arrangement drawings, and which two are examples of detail drawings?

30 design
Unit 4 Engineering
b-- -

Read the followingtechnicalquestionsthat came up during the

shipbuildingproject and decide whichtype of drawingis requiredto answer
each question.
lHowmanypane|saretherealtogetheronthiswa|l?-
2 What profileare thesehollowbeams:rectangularor circular?
3 Whatare the positionsof all the floodlightsaroundthe deck perimeter?

4Howmanybranchescomeoffthemainsprink|ersupp|ypipe?-
5 Howdo all the internalcomponents
of the fan unitfit together?

3a What is meant by scale on a drawing? ln pairs, o<plainhow a scale rule,

like the one shownin the picture,is used.

b )u nfter receivingthe drawings for the panets,Joe is now discussing

some details with Pavel, a colleague. Listen to the conversation and answer
the followingquestions.
I What pieceof informationis not shownon the drawing?
2 What golden rale is mentioned?

Complete the following extracts from the conversation and explain what is
meant by each one.
I /s fhis drawing scale?
2 lt's one - five.
3 ... gou shouldn'tscale - drawings...
4 ... it's actual size,on a --scale drawing...

4 You are engineers on a proiect to design the metal

handrailthat will run around the perimeter of the
top, outdoor deck of a large cruise ship. !n pairs,
discuss what drawings you will need to produce for
manufacturingand installation with regard to the
followingissues:
o the typesof viewthat will be requiredand whateach
one will show
o the approximatescaleof differentdrawingsand views
o whatwritteninformationyou will needto providein
the specification.

5 You are going to provide design information to enable

a productionteam to manufacturea product or
applianceyou knowwell. Make a list of some of the
drawingsthat will be needed,notingwhat each one
willshow.

Unit 4 Engineeringdesign
 dimensionsand precision
Discussing
6 d ln pairs, discuss what is meant by precision and accuracg.

Read the technical advice web page and answer the following questions.
1 How is a superflatfloor differentfrom an ordinary concretefloor?
2 What accuracycan be achievedwith ordinary slabs, and with superflatslabs?
3 What problem is describedin high bay warehouses?

Floors:FAO
SuperÍlat
What is a superflatfloor?
Compacting andfinishing
thesurfaceoÍWetconcreteis aninherent|y process.
imprecise Foranordinary
concreteslabto belaidwithintolerance,
engineers
canonlyrealistically
expect
thesurface
to befinished
to plusorminus 5mm.Bycontrast,superflat
concrete
floors to meetextremely
arefinished closetolerances,
'1mm
beingaccuratetowithin acrosstheirupper
surface.

Where are superffatfloors used?

FloorsurÍaces
withextreme|ytighttoIerances areÍrequent|y
specifiedinwarehouses whereAutomated
GuidedVehicles
operate Uneven floors
areespeciallyproblematic
inhighbaywarehouses, whichuse
automatedfork|ifts
witha verticaI
reachoÍ30metres ormore'
At sucha height,
s|ightvariations
inÍ|oor
|eveI intheformoÍverticaI
areamp|ified ti|t,causing
inaccurate
manoeuvringat high|evel'
|Íthese
variations
areoutsidetolerance
theycanleadtocollisionswithrackingelements,orcauseitemsto be
droppedÍrompa||ets.

ln pairs, discuss what is meant by tolerance in the context of dimensions and

precision.

d Complete the following expressions from the web page which are used to
describe tolerances.
I - tolerance(insidethe limits of a given tolerance)
2 -or-Smm(+/-5mm)
3 - tolerance(closetolerance)
4-to|erance(notinsidethe|imitsofto|erance)

e Complete the following sentences using the expressions in Exercise 6d.

I The frame'stoo big for the opening.The opening'sthe right size,so the frame
mustbe
2 The total t o l e r a n c ei s I m m . T h e o e r m i s s i b l ev a r i a t i o ne i t h e rs i d e o f t h e i d e a l
is
The engineerspecified + / - 5mm for the slab finish,and we got it to
+ I - 2mm. So it's well
4 You can't finish concreteto + / - 0. I mm. There'sno wav vou can work to such

ln some situations, engineers describe tolerances using p/us or minus,

for example +/ - I mm, and in other situations as within, for example
within lmm.ln pairs, discuss the difference in meaning between these two
descriptions, giving examples of situations where each description might be
used.

32 Unit 4 Engineering
design
 I

7a )q.i f\4ei,a structural engineer, is talking to Lewis, a project manager, about

the floor specification for a manufacturing plant that is currently at design
stage. Listen to the conversation and answer the following questions.
I What has the client requestedwith regard to the floor slab?
2 What are free movementfloors and defined movementfloors?
5 What issue does the engineerdiscuss regardingquality?
4 W h a t o p t i o n i s d i s c u s s e di n v o l v i n gg r i n d i n g ?
5 What can be done to the reinforcementto permit grinding?

Complete the following table using the words in the text in Exercise 6b and
audioscript 4.3 on page 89.
Nameof dimension Largedimension Smat[dimension
1 Whafsthe-? Is it -? Is it short?
2 Whaís11]gwiá|h ? Is it -? Is it nanow?
3 What'sthe-? Is 11high 7 Is it [ow?
4 What's11gthickrress? Is it -? Is it thin?
5 What'sthe-? Is i1 a\eep 7 Is it shallow?

Mei has done a revised drawing for the floor slab. Read the extract from her
email about the new design and complete the message using the correct form
of the words in Exercise 7b.

To: Lewis Rosas

Subiect:
Bevised floor slab drawing

P|easefind attacheda reviseddrawingÍorthe Í|oors|ab,now reconfiguredÍordefinedmovement.

|n orderto accommodateguidedvehicIes1 08Omm(1) wiáe (as specifiedby the c|ient)
WepropoSeastandard(2)-of1280mmforeachsuperf|at|ane.At14.5m,the
(3)-ofthe|ongest|aneonthenetworkiswithinthemaximumslabrunthatcanbecast
in a singleconcretepour,thus avoidingconstructionjointson straightruns.On curved sections,a
standard8.5m turningradiusis used,as per the guidedvehiclemanufacturer's recommendations.
of futuregrinding,we have |ocatedthe top |ayeroÍreinÍorcement
|norderto a||owfor the eventua|ity
1Ommdeeper below the slab surface.This additional(4)- has not, however,been
added to the overallslab (5) , which remains275mm.The reinforcingbars also remain
in I2mm diameter.As a result,the levelsof wall-mountedprocess installations- many of which need
to be fixedat a precise(6)- -
above finishedfloor level are unaffected.

Which two words in the email relate to circles? What aspects of a circle do
they describe?
W
8 The manufacturing plant in Exercise 7 will
be built from a steel frame. The vertical
elements of the frame will be Universal
Columns (UCs). Look at the section of a UC. flanges
ln pairs, describe the different dimensions
that define a UC profile by explaining what
the letters on the section refer to.

TI

Unit 4 Engineering design 33