FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION

DAMPAK KEBIJAKAN PERLINDUNGAN LINGKUNGAN MARITIM

TERHADAP PEREKONOMIAN NASIONAL

TRANSBOUNDARY POLLUTION
INDONESIA’S EFFORT TO TACKLE IMPACTS OF TRANSBOUNDARY MARINE POLLUTION
PRESENTED BY : BASILIO DIAS ARAUJO
EXPERT STAFF TO THE MINISTER FOR MARITIME SOCIO-ANTHROPOLOGY
COORDINATING MINISTRY FOR MARITIME AFFAIRS AND INVESTMENT
AN OVERVIEW OF CASES OF TRANSBOUNDARY
POLLUTION IN INDONESIA

• OIL SPILL ORIGINATED FROM SHIP –

REGULATED UNDER IMO CONVENTION

• OIL POLLUTION ORIGINATED FROM FIXED OFFSHORE

PLATFORMS
• MARINE PLASTIC DEBRIS CARRIED BY OCEAN CONVEYOR
BELTS REGULATED UNDER IMO CONVENTION
• CHALLENGES TO TACKLE TRANSBOUNDARY OIL POLLUTION
• EFFORTS OF THE GOVERNMENT
• REGULATIONS IN PLACE
 I. OIL SPILL ORIGINATED FROM SHIPS AND TANKERS

#1 SITUATED AT SOME OF THE

BUSIEST WATERWAYS OF THE
WORLD, INDONESIA IS
VULNURABLE TO ITS NEGATIVE
EXTERNALITIES A COLLISION BETWEEN MT ALYARMOUK & MV SINAR KAPUAS 2 JANUARY 2015, 04:38:16 WIB.
LOCATION: 01° 27. 747’ N, 104° 31.231’ E (11 MILES NORTHEAST FROM PENDRA BLANCA
SINGAPORE, SINGAPORE STRAIT). ESTIMATION: 4500 MT OF MADURA CRUIDE OIL SPILLED &
IMPACTED TO BINTAN ISLAND, INDONESIA.

36 %
of world Shipping
$ 390 B

7%
& counting
of world Shipping
$5B
OVERALL, MALACCA, SUNDA AND 15 %
LOMBOK STRAIT MANAGE 58 % OF of world Shipping
WORLD SHIPPING AND WORTH $ 40 B
$ 435 BILLION Source: Institute of Defense and Strategic Studies
Nanyang Technological University, 2006
 IMPACTS OF OIL SPILL TO INDONESIAN TOURISM ?

#3
PROTECTING
INDONESIA’S RICH
MARINE BIODIVERSITY
AND
MARINE TOURISM
ACTIVITIES

By 2019, Indonesia targets to

attract around 20 millions of
foreign tourists, in which around 4
millions should come from the BAD ADVERTISING IS NEVER A GOOD IDEA
marine tourism sector
FOOTPRINTS OF OIL SPILL IN BINTAN ISLAND.
Riau Island Region
is the 3rd Largest
Contributor of
Nat. Revenue for
Tourism after BALI
& Jakarta
OIL SPILL INCIDENTS 2011 2014 2015
IN BINTAN REGIONS
YEAR AFTER YEARS

2016
2016

2016
AUGUST 2016

AUGUST 2016

AUGUST 2016
MOST AFFECTED AREAS
NEED
TO IMPROVE
SURVEILANCE AND LAW
ENFORCEMENT
CAPABILITY TO MITIGATE,
MONITOR AND
CONTROL OIL SPILL
INCIDENTS OCCURED
WITHIN INDONESIAN
WATERS
THE MOST
AFFECTED
AREAS
TRACKING OF SUSPECTED OIL SPILL FROM KAMINESAN OIL TANKEER

COORDINATING MINISTRY
FOR MARITIME AFFAIRS
II. OIL SPILL ORIGINATED FROM FIXED PLATFORMS

MONTARA OIL SPILL

AT TIMOR SEA 2009
IMPACTS OF MONTARA OIL SPILL

COORDINATING MINISTRY
FOR MARITIME AFFAIRS
III. MARINE PLASTIC DEBRIS FLOWED TO INDONESIA
TROUGH OCEAN CONVEYOR BELTS?
Indonesia Claimed as
The 2nd Largest
contributor of the
Land-based Marine
Plastic Pollution REDUCING LAND BASED
MARINE POLLUTION IS AS
(Janbeck 2015) IMPORTANT AS
PREVENTING MARINE
POLLUTION FROM
It has been argued that SEA-BASED ACTIVITIES
popullations living within 50
km of Indonesia’s coast are
the main contributor of 3.2
Millions marine plastic
pollution.
 Plastic ended up in some
Many plastic items Of Indonesia’s small islands
washed up in the
beach were bottles can be originated from land-
from different parts of leakage or can also potentially be
the world.
originated from sea-based actvity
(DUMPED FROM SHIPS)

Partial Analysis of Marine Litter Vulnerability in Indonesia

UNPAD Research on the Biawak Island (Sea of Java)

17 - 21 May 2016

SEA OF JAVA
IS MOST VULNERABLE TO
MARINE LITTER
DUE TO ITS DEMOGRAPHIC &
OCEAN STREAM PATTERNS
IV. CHALLENGES TO TACKLE TRANSBOUNDARY OIL
POLLUTION INDONESIA IS
NOT PARTY EXISTING IMO
TO CONVENTIONS
RECOGNIZE OFFSHORE
UNIT AS A SOURCE OF
OPRC 1990 MARINE POLLUTION BUT
CONVENTION DOES NOT PROVIDE
MEASURES REGULATING
LIABILITY AND
COMPENSATION FOR
OIL POLLUTION
ORIGINATED FROM
FIXED PLATFORM.
SOME
OF INDONESIA IS NOT PARTY TO
THE OPRC, BUTPARTY TO
ASEAN OIL SPILL
ISSUES ? PREPAREDNESS AND
RESPONSE (OSPAR) MOU

IS THIS ENOUGH ?
INDONESIA
CANNOT
FILE CASES
OF OIL
POLLUTION

INDONESIA WITHDREW
FROM FUND CONVETNION 1971 AND IS
NOT PARTY TO FUND CONVENTION OF
1992
COORDINATING MINISTRY
FOR MARITIME AFFAIRS
V. EFFORTS OF INDONESIAN GOVERNMENT

- INITIATE A GLOBAL CONVENTION ON OIL POLLUTION ORIGINATED FROM FIXED PLATFORM.

TOGETHER WITH DENMARK THROUGH IMO FORUM.
- INITIATE A SUMMIT ON MARINE PLASTIC DEBRIS 2-4 NOVEMBER 2016 IN JAKARTA
COOPERATING WITH THE WORLD BANK.
- ENCOURAGE THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE EXISTING INTERNATIONAL INSTRUMENTS.
VI. REGULATIONS IN PLACE

+ INTERNATIONAL
50 CONVENTIONS
UNDER IMO
SOLAS | MARPOL | COLREG | CSC | CLC | STCWF |
STP | CSC | INMARSAT AO | SAR | TONNAGE |
BUNKER | FAL | LOAD LINES | BWM | ETC
24
OF WHICH HAVE
BEEN RATIFIED
BY INDONESIA
PRESIDENTIAL
DECREE 46/1986

PRESIDENTIAL PRESIDENTIAL PRESIDENTIAL PRESIDENTIAL PRESIDENTIAL

DECREE 65/1980 DECREE 29 /2013 DECREE 50 /1979 DECREE 33 /1989 DECREE 18/1978

SOLAS | MARPOL | COLREG | CSC | CLC |

PRESIDENTIAL PRESIDENTIAL
DECREE 21/1988 DECREE 52/1999

PRESIDENTIAL PRESIDENTIAL PRESIDENTIAL PRESIDENTIAL

DECREE 73/1972 DECREE 43/1979 DECREE 33/1989 DECREE 37/1989

PRESIDENTIAL
DECREE 60/1986 STCW | STP | SPACE STP | CSC | INMARSAT AO |
PRESIDENTIAL PRESIDENTIAL PRESIDENTIAL PRESIDENTIAL PRESIDENTIAL
DECREE 30/2012 DECREE 05/1989 DECREE 65/2014 DECREE 51/2002 DECREE 47/1976

SAR | TONNAGE | BUNKER | FAL | LOAD LINES |

BWM PRESIDENTIAL
DECREE 132 /2015
COMPLETE RATIFICATION OF
THE IMO’S CONVENTIONS
IN SOUTH EAST ASIAN NATIONS

COORDINATING MINISTRY
FOR MARITIME AFFAIRS
 COMPLETE RATIFICATION OF
THE IMO’S MARPOL
CONVENTION

International Convention for the PRESIDENTIAL

Prevention of Pollution from Ships DECREE NO.
46/1986
(MARPOL 73/78 – Annex I & II)
27 years gap

(MARPOL 73/78 – Annex III) PRESIDENTIAL

REGULATION NO.
(MARPOL 73/78 – Annex IV) 29/2013
(MARPOL 73/78 – Annex V)
 OTHER NATIONAL MEASURES DEALING WITH MARINE PROTECTION
IN ACCORD TO IMO’S CONVENTION AND
INDONESIA’S NATIONAL INTERESTS

 GOVERNMENT REG NO. 19/ 1999 ON CONTROLLING AND

LAW NO. 32 / 2014
ON SEA
LAW NO. 32 / 2009
ON ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
LAW NO. 17 / 2008
ON SHIPPING
PREVENTING MARINE POLLUTION AND DAMAGE
 GOVERNMENT REG NO. 21/ 2010 ON THE PROTECTION OF MARINE
ENVIRONMENT
 PRESIDENTIAL DECREE No. 109/ 2006 ON EMERGENCY RESPONSE
TO OIL SPILL POLLUTION
 MINISTERIAL REG (MENHUB) NO. KM 4 / 2005 ON THE PREVENTION
OF POLLUTION FROM SHIPS
 MINISTERIAL REG (MENHUB) NO. PM 29 / 2014 ON THE
PREVENTION OF MARINE POLLUTION
 MINISTERIAL REG (MEN. LH) NO. 13 / 2011 ON COMPENSATION
FOR ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION OR DAMAGE

LAW NO. 6 / 1996

ON INDONESIA’S WATERS

LAW NO. 17 / 1985

ON THE RATIFICATION OF
UNCLOS

NATIONAL OCEAN POLICY 2016 - 2036

 IMPROVE RECEPTION FACILITIES

24
REVITALISED PORTS FEEDER PLAN HAS BEEN MADE
STRETCH
ALONG THE
18 PORTS
MAIN HUB
11
ONLY 11 out of 23 ports
are equipped with RF
(Reception Facilities)
TO MATCH THE NEEDS
FOR RF IN ALL MAJOR
ARCHIPELAGO O6 P O R T S PORTS OF INDONESIA

#2
As Indonesia develops
more maritime
infrastructures along its
archipelago, domestic-sea
traffic will also increase as
well as possibility of
marine pollution. Except if
mitigation plans and infrastructure as
well as law enforcement are in place.
THANK
YOU

COORDINATING MINISTRY
FOR MARITIMEAFFAIRS
AND INVESTMENT