Compiled by Galabuzi Angelica LE2

VARNISHES
A varnish may be defined as a homogeneous liquid containing essentially a resinous substance dissolved
in a suitable soil or a volatile liquid. A Varnish does not contain a pigment and is always used as a
finishing coat.
Types of Varnishes
1. Oil Varnishes.
Some common types of varnishes distinguished on the basis of the solvent form this group. The base
material may be amber or copal. Although they dry slowly, they form a hard and durable film hence they
are popular in use for external finishes. They are quite resistant to weather changes.
2. Turpentine Varnishes
These are made by dissolving gum, mastic or rosin in turpentine. They dry quickly. However, the
film formed is neither resistant to moisture and hence can be used for interior work.

3. Spirit Varnishes
These are commonly used for furniture. They consist of shellac dissolved in methylated spirit.
Sometimes a small quantity of a pigment is added to give a desirable shade to the finish. These
are also not very durable. They are also not resistant to weather changes hence, these can be given
only on wooden particles protected from rain, gases and light.

4. Japans
These are a class of varnishes that have asphalt as an important ingredient. Asphalt is dissolved in
a linseed oil in the presence of a volatile thinner. They are applied mostly to metal surfaces. The
surface first given a coat of japans and then heated to baking temperature at 210 degrees Celsius
for a few hours. On cooling, the paint forms a coating that is highly resistant to chemical
corrosion.