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The Complete Smith Chart

Black Magic Design

0.12 0.13
0.11 0.14
0.38 0.37 0.15
0.1 0.39 0.36
90
0.4 100 80 0.35 0.1
0 .09 6

45
50
1 110 40 70 0.3
0.4

1.0
4

0.9

1.2
0.1

55
.08

0.8
0 7
35

1.4
2 0.3

0.7
0.4 0 60 3
12

0.6 60
)
/Yo

1.6
0.1
0.0
7 (+jB 30 8
CE 0.3
3 AN
0.4

1.8
PT 0.2 2
CE 50
65

0 S
13 SU

2.0
VE
0.5
06

0.
TI 25

19
CI
0.
44

0.
PA

31
0.

CA
70

R
,O 0.4
o)
0

40
14

4
5

0.

0.2
0.0

/Z
5

20

0.3
jX
0.4

(+

3.0
T
75

EN

0.6
N
PO
4

0.2
0.0

0.3
OM
0
6

0.2

1
30
15
0.4

9
EC

0.8 15
>
R—

4.0
80

NC
TO

TA

1.0

0.22
AC
ERA

0.47

0.28
5.0
RE

1.0
GEN

0.2
0

IVE

20
85
1 6

10
UCT
ARD

8
0.

0.23
IND
S TOW

0.48

0.27
ANG
90

0.6

ANG
LE OF
NGTH

10

LE OF
0

0.1
17

0.4

TRANSM
0.0 —> WAVELE

0.24
0.49

0.26
REFLECTION COEFFICIENT IN DE
20
0.2

ISSION COEFFICIENT IN
50
0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

10

20

50

0.25

0.25
± 180
0.0

50
RESISTANCE COMPONENT (R/Zo), OR CONDUCTANCE COMPONENT (G/Yo)
AD <—

0.2
20

0.24
O
0.49

0.26
D L

0.4
70
R

0.1

DEGR
OWA
-1

G
10

RE
T

ES
EES
0.6
-90

0.23
S

)
0.48

0.27
TH

/Yo
G

(-jB

8
N

0. -10
E

CE
L
0
-85

-20
6
E

0.2
1
AV

AN

1.0
-

5.0

0.22
W

T
7

0.28
0.4

1.0
<—

CE
US
-15 -80

4.0
ES

0.8 -15
IV
4

0.2
0

-30
T
0.0

0.3
C
6

0.2
1
0.4

DU

9
IN

0.6
-75

3.0
O
),
5

Zo

-20
0.2
0.0

X/
5

4 0.3
0.4

0. (-j
40

-4
-1

T 0.4
EN
-70

N
PO
06

0.
19
0.

M
CO -25
44

0.
0.5

31
0.

E
2.0

30 NC -5
TA 0
-65

-1
7 AC 0.2 0.1
1.8

E
0.0 VE
R 8
0.6

ITI 0.3
3
0.4 AC -30 2
1.6

CAP
-60

0 -60 0.1
8 -12
0.7

0.0 7
1.4

2 -35 0.3
0.8

0.4 3
1.2
-55

0.9

0.1
1.0

9 -70
0.0 -110 0 6
-4
0
-5

0.3
-4

1
0.4 0.1 -100 -80 0.15 4
-90
0.11 0.14 0.35
0.4 0.12 0.13
0.39 0.36
0.38 0.37
O (C dB O ]
F
. C K SS [ SS C [dB

RADIALLY SCALED PARAMETERS


EF
.
N P L L EN

P)

TOWARD LOAD —> <— TOWARD GENERATOR


SW d S [d EFF , E o
RT

A W. L. W. TT

EF O ]
P T.

∞ 100 40
SM EA O O

20 10 5 4 3 2.5 2 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.1 1 15 10 7 5 4 3 2 1


F, NS
N

TR S. RF S. A
R BS B] , P r I
. L L. OE
RF L. C
O CO FF

∞ 40 30 ∞
RF

20 15 10 8 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 3 4 5 10 20


S

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 14 20 30 ∞ 0 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.5 2 3 4 5 6 10 15 ∞


I
or
E

1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.05 0.01 0 0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2 2.5 3 4 5 10 ∞
F,
EF
O

1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 1 0.99 0.95 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0
.C
SM

CENTER
N
A
TR

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2

ORIGIN
The Complete Smith Chart
Black Magic Design

0.12 0.13
0.11 0.14
0.38 0.37 0.15
0.1 0.39 0.36
90
0.4 100 80 0.35 0.1
0 .09 6

45
50
1 110 40 70 0.3
0.4

1.0
4

0.9

1.2
0.1

55
.08

0.8
0 7
35

1.4
2 0.3

0.7
0.4 0 60 3
12

0.6 60
)
/Yo

1.6
0.1
0.0
7 (+jB 30 8
CE 0.3
3 AN
0.4

1.8
PT 0.2 2
CE 50
65

0 S
13 SU

2.0
VE
0.5
06

0.
TI 25

19
CI
0.
44

0.
PA

31
0.

CA
70

R
,O 0.4
o)
0

40
14

4
5

0.

0.2
0.0

/Z
5

20

0.3
jX
0.4

(+

3.0
T
75

EN

0.6
N
PO
4

0.2
0.0

0.3
OM
0
6

0.2

1
30
15
0.4

9
EC

0.8 15
>
R—

4.0
80

NC
TO

TA

1.0

0.22
AC
ERA

0.47

0.28
5.0
RE

1.0
GEN

0.2
0

IVE

20
85
1 6

10
UCT
ARD

8
0.

0.23
IND
S TOW

0.48

0.27
ANG
90

0.6

ANG
LE OF
NGTH

10

LE OF
0

0.1
17

0.4

TRANSM
0.0 —> WAVELE

0.24
0.49

0.26
REFLECTION COEFFICIENT IN DE
20
0.2

ISSION COEFFICIENT IN
50
0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

10

20

50

0.25

0.25
± 180
0.0

50
RESISTANCE COMPONENT (R/Zo), OR CONDUCTANCE COMPONENT (G/Yo)
AD <—

0.2
20

0.24
O
0.49

0.26
D L

0.4
70
R

0.1

DEGR
OWA
-1

G
10

RE
T

ES
EES
0.6
-90

0.23
S

)
0.48

0.27
TH

/Yo
G

(-jB

8
N

0. -10
E

CE
L
0
-85

-20
6
E

0.2
1
AV

AN

1.0
-

5.0

0.22
W

T
7

0.28
0.4

1.0
<—

CE
US
-15 -80

4.0
ES

0.8 -15
IV
4

0.2
0

-30
T
0.0

0.3
C
6

0.2
1
0.4

DU

9
IN

0.6
-75

3.0
O
),
5

Zo

-20
0.2
0.0

X/
5

4 0.3
0.4

0. (-j
40

-4
-1

T 0.4
EN
-70

N
PO
06

0.
19
0.

M
CO -25
44

0.
0.5

31
0.

E
2.0

30 NC -5
TA 0
-65

-1
7 AC 0.2 0.1
1.8

E
0.0 VE
R 8
0.6

ITI 0.3
3
0.4 AC -30 2
1.6

CAP
-60

0 -60 0.1
8 -12
0.7

0.0 7
1.4

2 -35 0.3
0.8

0.4 3
1.2
-55

0.9

0.1
1.0

9 -70
0.0 -110 0 6
-4
0
-5

0.3
-4

1
0.4 0.1 -100 -80 0.15 4
-90
0.11 0.14 0.35
0.4 0.12 0.13
0.39 0.36
0.38 0.37
O (C dB O ]
F
. C K SS [ SS C [dB

RADIALLY SCALED PARAMETERS


EF
.
N P L L EN

P)

TOWARD LOAD —> <— TOWARD GENERATOR


SW d S [d EFF , E o
RT

A W. L. W. TT

EF O ]
P T.

∞ 100 40
SM EA O O

20 10 5 4 3 2.5 2 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.1 1 15 10 7 5 4 3 2 1


F, NS
N

TR S. RF S. A
R BS B] , P r I
. L L. OE
RF L. C
O CO FF

∞ 40 30 ∞
RF

20 15 10 8 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 3 4 5 10 20


S

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 14 20 30 ∞ 0 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.5 2 3 4 5 6 10 15 ∞


I
or
E

1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.05 0.01 0 0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2 2.5 3 4 5 10 ∞
F,
EF
O

1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 1 0.99 0.95 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0
.C
SM

CENTER
N
A
TR

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2

ORIGIN
The Complete Smith Chart
Black Magic Design

0.12 0.13
0.11 0.14
0.38 0.37 0.15
0.1 0.39 0.36
90
0.4 100 80 0.35 0.1
0 .09 6

45
50
1 110 40 70 0.3
0.4

1.0
4

0.9

1.2
0.1

55
8

0.8
0.0 35
7

1.4
2 0.3

0.7
0.4 0 60 3
12

0.6 60
)
/Yo

1.6
0.1
0.0
7 (+jB 30 8
CE 0.3
3 AN
0.4

1.8
PT 0.2 2
CE 50
65

0 S
13 SU

2.0
VE
0.5
06

0.
TI 25

19
CI
0.
44

0.
PA

31
0.

CA
70

R
,O 0.4
o)
0

40
14

4
5

0.

0 .2
0 .0

/Z
5

20

0 .3
jX
0.4

(+

3.0
T
75

EN

0.6
N
PO
4

0.2
0.0

0.3
OM
0
6

0.2

1
30
15
0.4

9
EC

0.8 15
>
R—

4.0
80

NC
TO

TA

1.0

0.22
AC
ERA

0.47

0.28
5.0
RE

1.0
GEN

0.2
160

IVE

20
85

10
UCT
ARD

8
0.

0.23
IND
S TOW

0.48

0.27
ANG
90

0.6

ANG
LE OF
NGTH

10

LE OF
0

0.1
17

0.4

TRANSM
0.0 —> WAVELE

0.24
0.49

0.26
REFLECTION COEFFICIENT IN D
20
0.2

ISSION COEFFICIENT IN
50
0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

10

20

50

0.25

0.25
180
0.0
±

50
RESISTANCE COMPONENT (R/Zo), OR CONDUCTANCE COMPONENT (G/Yo)
AD <—

0.2
20

0.24
O
0.49

0.26
D L

0.4
70
R

0.1

DEGR

E
OWA
-1

G
10

REES
T

EES
0.6
-90

0.23
S

)
0.48

0.27
TH

/Yo
G

(-jB

8
N

0. -10
ELE

CE
0
-85

-20
6

0.2
1
V

AN

1.0
-
A

5.0

0.22
W

T
7

0.28
0.4

1.0
<—

CE
US
-15 -80

4.0
ES

0.8 -15
IV
4

0.2
0

-30
T
0.0

0.3
C
6

0.2
1
0.4

DU

9
IN

0.6
-75

3.0
O
),
5

Zo

-20
0.2
0.0

X/
5

0.3
4
0.4

0. (-j
40

-4
-1

T 0.4
EN
-70

N
PO
06

0.
19
0.

M
CO -25
44

0.
0.5

31
0.

CE
2.0

-5
30 AN 0
-65

-1 CT 0.1
7 EA 0.2
1.8

0.0 VE
R 8
0.6

ITI 0.3
3
0.4 AC -30 2
1.6

CAP
-60

0 -60 0.1
8 -12
0.7

0.0 7
1.4

2 -35 0.3
0.8

0.4 3
1.2
-55

0.9

0.1
1.0

9 -70
0.0 -110 0 6
-4
0
-5

0.3
-4

1
0.4 0.1 -100 -80 0.15 4
-90
0.11 0.14 0.35
0.4 0.12 0.13
0.39 0.36
0.38 0.37
O (C dB O ]
F
. C K SS [ SS C [dB

RADIALLY SCALED PARAMETERS


EF
.
N P L L EN

P)

TOWARD LOAD —> <— TOWARD GENERATOR


SW d S [d EFF , E o
RT

A W. L. W. TT

EF O ]
P T.

∞ 100 40
SM EA O O

20 10 5 4 3 2.5 2 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.1 1 15 10 7 5 4 3 2 1


F, NS
N

TR S. RF S. A
R BS B] , P r I
. L L. OE
RF L. C
O CO FF

∞ 40 30 ∞
RF

20 15 10 8 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 3 4 5 10 20


S

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 14 20 30 ∞ 0 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.5 2 3 4 5 6 10 15 ∞


I
or
E

1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.05 0.01 0 0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2 2.5 3 4 5 10 ∞
F,
EF
O

1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 1 0.99 0.95 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0
.C
SM

CENTER
N
A
TR

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2

ORIGIN
The Complete Smith Chart
Black Magic Design

0.12 0.13
0.11 0.14
0.38 0.37 0.15
0.1 0.39 0.36
90
0.4 100 80 0.35 0.1
0 .09 6

45
50
1 110 40 70 0.3
0.4

1.0
4

0.9

1.2
0.1

55
.08

0.8
0 7
35

1.4
2 0.3

0.7
0.4 0 60 3
12

0.6 60
)
/Yo

1.6
0.1
0.0
7 (+jB 30 8
CE 0.3
3 AN
0.4

1.8
PT 0.2 2
CE 50
65

0 S
13 SU

2.0
VE
0.5
06

0.
TI 25

19
CI
0.
44

0.
PA

31
0.

CA
70

R
,O 0.4
o)
0

40
14

4
5

0.

0.2
0.0

/Z
5

20

0.3
jX
0.4

(+

3.0
T
75

EN

0.6
N
PO
4

0.2
0.0

0.3
OM
0
6

0.2

1
30
15
0.4

9
EC

0.8 15
>
R—

4.0
80

NC
TO

TA

1.0

0.22
AC
ERA

0.47

0.28
5.0
RE

1.0
GEN

0.2
0

IVE

20
85
1 6

10
UCT
ARD

8
0.

0.23
IND
S TOW

0.48

0.27
ANG
90

0.6

ANG
LE OF
NGTH

10

LE OF
0

0.1
17

0.4

TRANSM
0.0 —> WAVELE

0.24
0.49

0.26
REFLECTION COEFFICIENT IN DE
20
0.2

ISSION COEFFICIENT IN
50
0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

10

20

50

0.25

0.25
± 180
0.0

50
RESISTANCE COMPONENT (R/Zo), OR CONDUCTANCE COMPONENT (G/Yo)
AD <—

0.2
20

0.24
O
0.49

0.26
D L

0.4
70
R

0.1

DEGR
OWA
-1

G
10

RE
T

ES
EES
0.6
-90

0.23
S

)
0.48

0.27
TH

/Yo
G

(-jB

8
N

0. -10
E

CE
L
0
-85

-20
6
E

0.2
1
AV

AN

1.0
-

5.0

0.22
W

T
7

0.28
0.4

1.0
<—

CE
US
-15 -80

4.0
ES

0.8 -15
IV
4

0.2
0

-30
T
0.0

0.3
C
6

0.2
1
0.4

DU

9
IN

0.6
-75

3.0
O
),
5

Zo

-20
0.2
0.0

X/
5

4 0.3
0.4

0. (-j
40

-4
-1

T 0.4
EN
-70

N
PO
06

0.
19
0.

M
CO -25
44

0.
0.5

31
0.

E
2.0

30 NC -5
TA 0
-65

-1
7 AC 0.2 0.1
1.8

E
0.0 VE
R 8
0.6

ITI 0.3
3
0.4 AC -30 2
1.6

CAP
-60

0 -60 0.1
8 -12
0.7

0.0 7
1.4

2 -35 0.3
0.8

0.4 3
1.2
-55

0.9

0.1
1.0

9 -70
0.0 -110 0 6
-4
0
-5

0.3
-4

1
0.4 0.1 -100 -80 0.15 4
-90
0.11 0.14 0.35
0.4 0.12 0.13
0.39 0.36
0.38 0.37
O (C dB O ]
F
. C K SS [ SS C [dB

RADIALLY SCALED PARAMETERS


EF
.
N P L L EN

P)

TOWARD LOAD —> <— TOWARD GENERATOR


SW d S [d EFF , E o
RT

A W. L. W. TT

EF O ]
P T.

∞ 100 40
SM EA O O

20 10 5 4 3 2.5 2 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.1 1 15 10 7 5 4 3 2 1


F, NS
N

TR S. RF S. A
R BS B] , P r I
. L L. OE
RF L. C
O CO FF

∞ 40 30 ∞
RF

20 15 10 8 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 3 4 5 10 20


S

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 14 20 30 ∞ 0 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.5 2 3 4 5 6 10 15 ∞


I
or
E

1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.05 0.01 0 0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2 2.5 3 4 5 10 ∞
F,
EF
O

1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 1 0.99 0.95 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0
.C
SM

CENTER
N
A
TR

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2

ORIGIN
The Complete Smith Chart
Black Magic Design

0.12 0.13
0.11 0.14
0.38 0.37 0.15
0.1 0.39 0.36
90
0.4 100 80 0.35 0.1
0 .09 6

45
50
1 110 40 70 0.3
0.4

1.0
4

0.9

1.2
0.1

55
.08

0.8
0 7
35

1.4
2 0.3

0.7
0.4 0 60 3
12

0.6 60
)
/Yo

1.6
0.1
0.0
7 (+jB 30 8
CE 0.3
3 AN
0.4

1.8
PT 0.2 2
CE 50
65

0 S
13 SU

2.0
VE
0.5
06

0.
TI 25

19
CI
0.
44

0.
PA

31
0.

CA
70

R
,O 0.4
o)
0

40
14

4
5

0.

0.2
0.0

/Z
5

20

0.3
jX
0.4

(+

3.0
T
75

EN

0.6
N
PO
4

0.2
0.0

0.3
OM
0
6

0.2

1
30
15
0.4

9
EC

0.8 15
>
R—

4.0
80

NC
TO

TA

1.0

0.22
AC
ERA

0.47

0.28
5.0
RE

1.0
GEN

0.2
0

IVE

20
85
1 6

10
UCT
ARD

8
0.

0.23
IND
S TOW

0.48

0.27
ANG
90

0.6

ANG
LE OF
NGTH

10

LE OF
0

0.1
17

0.4

TRANSM
0.0 —> WAVELE

0.24
0.49

0.26
REFLECTION COEFFICIENT IN DE
20
0.2

ISSION COEFFICIENT IN
50
0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

10

20

50

0.25

0.25
± 180
0.0

50
RESISTANCE COMPONENT (R/Zo), OR CONDUCTANCE COMPONENT (G/Yo)
AD <—

0.2
20

0.24
O
0.49

0.26
D L

0.4
70
R

0.1

DEGR
OWA
-1

G
10

RE
T

ES
EES
0.6
-90

0.23
S

)
0.48

0.27
TH

/Yo
G

(-jB

8
N

0. -10
E

CE
L
0
-85

-20
6
E

0.2
1
AV

AN

1.0
-

5.0

0.22
W

T
7

0.28
0.4

1.0
<—

CE
US
-15 -80

4.0
ES

0.8 -15
IV
4

0.2
0

-30
T
0.0

0.3
C
6

0.2
1
0.4

DU

9
IN

0.6
-75

3.0
O
),
5

Zo

-20
0.2
0.0

X/
5

4 0.3
0.4

0. (-j
40

-4
-1

T 0.4
EN
-70

N
PO
06

0.
19
0.

M
CO -25
44

0.
0.5

31
0.

E
2.0

30 NC -5
TA 0
-65

-1
7 AC 0.2 0.1
1.8

E
0.0 VE
R 8
0.6

ITI 0.3
3
0.4 AC -30 2
1.6

CAP
-60

0 -60 0.1
8 -12
0.7

0.0 7
1.4

2 -35 0.3
0.8

0.4 3
1.2
-55

0.9

0.1
1.0

9 -70
0.0 -110 0 6
-4
0
-5

0.3
-4

1
0.4 0.1 -100 -80 0.15 4
-90
0.11 0.14 0.35
0.4 0.12 0.13
0.39 0.36
0.38 0.37
O (C dB O ]
F
. C K SS [ SS C [dB

RADIALLY SCALED PARAMETERS


EF
.
N P L L EN

P)

TOWARD LOAD —> <— TOWARD GENERATOR


SW d S [d EFF , E o
RT

A W. L. W. TT

EF O ]
P T.

∞ 100 40
SM EA O O

20 10 5 4 3 2.5 2 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.1 1 15 10 7 5 4 3 2 1


F, NS
N

TR S. RF S. A
R BS B] , P r I
. L L. OE
RF L. C
O CO FF

∞ 40 30 ∞
RF

20 15 10 8 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 3 4 5 10 20


S

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 14 20 30 ∞ 0 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.5 2 3 4 5 6 10 15 ∞


I
or
E

1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.05 0.01 0 0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2 2.5 3 4 5 10 ∞
F,
EF
O

1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 1 0.99 0.95 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0
.C
SM

CENTER
N
A
TR

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2

ORIGIN

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