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Computer programming

Computer programming is the process of performing a particular computation (or

more generally, accomplishing a specific computing result), usually by designing
and building an executable computer program. Programming involves tasks such
as analysis, generating algorithms, profiling algorithms' accuracy and resource
consumption, and the implementation of algorithms (usually in a
chosen programming language, commonly referred to as coding) The source
code of a program is written in one or more languages that are intelligible
to programmers, rather than machine code, which is directly executed by
the central processing unit. The purpose of programming is to find a sequence of
instructions that will automate the performance of a task (which can be as complex
as an operating system) on a computer, often for solving a given problem.
Proficient programming thus usually requires expertise in several different
subjects, including knowledge of the application domain, specialized algorithms,
and formal logic.

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Programming languages

Different programming languages support different styles of programming

(called programming paradigms). The choice of language used is subject to many
considerations, such as company policy, suitability to task, availability of third-
party packages, or individual preference. Ideally, the programming language best
suited for the task at hand will be selected. Trade-offs from this ideal involve
finding enough programmers who know the language to build a team, the
availability of compilers for that language, and the efficiency with which programs
written in a given language execute. Languages form an approximate spectrum
from "low-level" to "high-level"; "low-level" languages are typically more
machine-oriented and faster to execute, whereas "high-level" languages are more
abstract and easier to use but execute less quickly. It is usually easier to code in
"high-level" languages than in "low-level" ones. Programming languages are
essential for software development. They are the building blocks for all software,
from the simplest applications to the most sophisticated ones. The details look
different in different languages, but a few basic instructions appear in just about
every language:
  Input: Gather data from the keyboard, a file, or some other device.
 Output: Display data on the screen or send data to a file or other device.
 Arithmetic: Perform basic arithmetical operations like addition and
multiplication.
 Conditional Execution: Check for certain conditions and execute the
appropriate sequence of statements.
 Repetition: Perform some action repeatedly, usually with some variation.

In this picture we can see different programming

languages such as

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PHP

PHP is a general-purpose scripting language geared toward web development.[5] It

was originally created by Danish-Canadian programmer Rasmus Lerdorf in 1993
and released in 1995.[6][7] The PHP reference implementation is now produced by
The PHP Group.[8] PHP originally stood for Personal Home Page,[9] but it now
stands for the recursive initialism PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor.[10]
PHP code is usually processed on a web server by a PHP interpreter implemented
as a module, a daemon or as a Common Gateway Interface (CGI) executable. On a
web server, the result of the interpreted and executed PHP code – which may be
any type of data, such as generated HTML or binary image data – would form the
whole or part of an HTTP response. Various web template systems, web content
management systems, and web frameworks exist which can be employed to
orchestrate or facilitate the generation of that response. Additionally, PHP can be
used for many programming tasks outside the web context, such as
standalone graphical applications[11] and robotic drone control.[12] PHP code can
also be directly executed from the command line.
The standard PHP interpreter, powered by the Zend Engine, is free
software released under the PHP License. PHP has been widely ported and can be
deployed on most web servers on a variety of operating systems and platforms.[13]
The PHP language evolved without a written formal specification or standard until
2014, with the original implementation acting as the de facto standard which other
implementations aimed to follow. Since 2014, work has gone on to create a formal
PHP specification.[14]

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Python
Python is a high-level, general-purpose programming language. Its design
philosophy emphasizes code readability with the use of significant indentation.[33]
Python is dynamically-typed and garbage-collected. It supports
multiple programming paradigms,
including structured (particularly procedural), object-oriented and functional
programming. It is often described as a "batteries included" language due to its
comprehensive standard library.[34][35]
Guido van Rossum began working on Python in the late 1980s as a successor to
the ABC programming language and first released it in 1991 as Python 0.9.0.
[36]
 Python 2.0 was released in 2000 and introduced new features such as list
comprehensions, cycle-detecting garbage collection, reference counting,
and Unicode support. Python 3.0, released in 2008, was a major revision that is not
completely backward-compatible with earlier versions. Python 2 was discontinued
with version 2.7.18 in 2020.[37]
Python consistently ranks as one of the most popular programming languages.[

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Perl
Perl is a family of two high-level, general-purpose, interpreted, dynamic
programming languages. "Perl" refers to Perl 5, but from 2000 to 2019 it also
referred to its redesigned "sister language", Perl 6, before the latter's name was
officially changed to Raku in October 2019.[9][10]
Though Perl is not officially an acronym,[11] there are various backronyms in use,
including "Practical Extraction and Reporting Language".[12] Perl was developed
by Larry Wall in 1987 as a general-purpose Unix scripting language to make report
processing easier.[13] Since then, it has undergone many changes and revisions.
Raku, which began as a redesign of Perl 5 in 2000, eventually evolved into a
separate language. Both languages continue to be developed independently by
different development teams and liberally borrow ideas from each other.
The Perl languages borrow features from other programming languages
including C, sh, AWK, and sed;[1] They provide text processing facilities without
the arbitrary data-length limits of many contemporary Unix command line tools.
  Perl 5 gained widespread popularity in the late 1990s as a CGI
[14]

scripting language, in part due to its powerful regular

expression and string parsing abilities.