LOCAL ENVIRONMENT (UNIT 1)

A. NEW WORDS, STRUCTURES AND GRAMMAR

I. New words

artisan (n) /ɑːtɪˈzæn/ thợ làm attraction /əˈtrækʃn/ điểm hấp dẫn
nghề thủ (n)
công
authenticity thật cast (v) /kɑːst/ đúc (đồng…)
/ɔːθenˈtɪsəti/
(n)
craft (n) /krɑːft/ nghề thủ craftsman /ˈkrɑːftsmən/ thợ làm đồ thủ
công, kĩ (n) công
năng làm
nghề thủ
công
cross (v) đan chéo drumhead mặt trống
/krɒs/ /drʌmhed/
(n)
embroider thêu frame (n) khung
/ɪmˈbrɔɪdə/ /freɪm/
(v)
handicraft /ˈhændɪkrɑːft/ sản lacquerware /ˈlækəweə/ đồ sơn mài
(n) phẩm (n)
thủ công
layer (n) /ˈleɪə/ lớp (lá…) mould (v) /məʊld/ đổ khuôn, tạo
khuôn
preserve (v) /prɪˈzɜːv/ bảo vệ, remind (v) /rɪˈmaɪnd/ gợi nhớ
bảo tồn
sculpture /ˈskʌlptʃə/ điêu set off /set ɒf/ khởi hành
(n) khắc, đồ (ph.v)
điêu khắc
strip (n) /strɪp/ dải surface (n) bề mặt
/ˈsɜːfɪs/
 Team- /tiːm-ˈbɪldɪŋ/ xây dựng thread (n) /θred/ sợi
building đội ngũ
(adj)
treat (v) /triːt/ xử lí turn up /tɜːn ʌp/ xuất hiện, đến
(chất (ph.v)
thải…)
weave (v) /wiːv/ đan (rổ, workshop /ˈwɜːkʃɒp/ công xưởng,
rá…), dệt (n) xưởng
(vải…)

II. Grammar

- Complex sentences (Adverb clauses of result, reasons, concession)

- Phrasal verbs

III. Phonetics: Stress on content words in sentences.

B. EXERCISES
I. Choose a word in each line that has different stress pattern:

1. A. famous B. village C. workshop D. bamboo

2. A. business B. experience C. grandparent D. chocolate
3. A. generation B. communicate C. historical D.environment
4. A. embroider B. department C. handicraft D. opinion
5. A. transfer B. publish C. accept D. remind
6. A. attraction B. artisan C. frame D. handicraft
7. A. drumhead B. illustration C. earplug D. drugstore
8. A. strip B. visual C. artistic D. remind
9. A. thread B. treat C. pleasure D. deadline
10. embroider B. preserve C. benefit D. effect
II. Find the word which has a different position of the main stress in
each line:

1. A. craftman B. layer C. sculpture D. preserve

2. A. lacquerware B. absolute C. pollution D. permanent
3. A. memorable B. experience C. historical D. production
4. pottery B. souvenir C. conical D. various
5. authenticity B. electricity C. traditional D.uncontrollably

III. Give the corect form of the word in CAPITALS to complete each fo
the following sentences:

1. There are a lot of silk ____________ such as carves, ties PRODUCE

and dresses in our shop.
2. Bat Trang is one of the most famous _____________ craft TRADITION
villages in Hanoi.
3. We should read this leaflet to see what _____________ are ACT
organized during the festival.
4. They showed me a marble sculpture which was
SKILL
_______________ made by hand.
5. Last week we had a ______________ trip to an ancient
village on the outskirts of Hanoi. MEMORY
6. Obviously, our handicrafts are in _______________ with
those of other villages. COMPETE
7. Do you know that _____________ have to follow 15 stages
to make a conical hat. ART
8. My grandfather has devoted himself to many
_______________ events in our community. CULTURE
9. You should spend at least one week to visit the tourist
________________ in this city. ATTRACT
10. We are impressed by a wide ________________ of
lacquerwares in the showroom.
VARY
IV. Complete the sentences with suitable subordinators from the box:
although as soon as because before
so that while

1. The children are very excited _____________ they are going to visit a
craft village this weekend.
2. We will tell Alice about the trip _____________ we meet her.
3. _____________ it rained a lot, they enjoyed their holiday.
4. I bought a new pair of glasses _____________ I can see better.
5. ______________ I go out tonight, I will have to finish this essay.
6. Phong burnt his hand ________________ he was cooking
dinner.
7. Laura always gets up early every morning ________________
she’s not late for her work.
8. Mr. Harrison seems to have a lot of money ________________
he lives in a luxurious house.
9. _______________ I was waiting for the bus, I saw some
foreign tourists.
10. They didn’t win the game _______________ they played very well.

V. Make a complex sentence from each pair of sentences. Use the

subordinator provided and make any necessary changes:

1. Their son is allergic to animals. They decided to get a cat. (though)


___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

2. He will stay in England for two months more. He can perfect his
English. (in order that)
 ________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
 3. There is nothing to eat. We have to go shopping today. (as).
 ________________________________________________________

_____________________
4. I go to Hue next week. I will stay with my aunt and uncle. (when)
 ________________________________________________________

_____________________
5. Mai could have good marks. She studied hard for the exam. (so that)
 ________________________________________________________

_____________________
6. We need an umbrella. It is raining heavily outside. (since)
 ________________________________________________________

_____________________
7. Nick will visit some craft villages. He finishes the Vietnamese course. (after)
 ________________________________________________________

_____________________
8. We decided to go for a walk in the park. It was very cold out.
(although)
 ________________________________________________________

_____________________
9. The tourists wanted to buy some silk. They went to Van Phuc village.
(because)
 ________________________________________________________

_____________________
 10. They won’t buy the new car. They save enough money. (until)

 ________________________________________________________

_____________________
11. Many craft families stopped their business. There is the

economic crisis in the world. (because)

 ________________________________________________________

_____________________
12. Dong Ho paintings are simple. These pictures reflect a typical

characteristic of Vietnamese labourers. (although).

 ________________________________________________________

_____________________
13. Three villages were chosen for the pilot project. The Asia

Foundation had worked with local authorities. (after).

_________________________________________________________
____________________
14. We do not have many handicraft products that are well-known

abroad. There are thousands of craft trades nationwide.

(though)
_________________________________________________
____________________________
15. The craft village must also meet environmental requirements.

It wants to develop craft village tourism. (so that)

_________________________________________________________
____________________
16. Vietnam began integrating into the international economy a few decades
ago. Production in craft villages developed strongly, meeting demand for
domestic decoration, and construction. (when)
_________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
17. At the age of over 80, the artisan is instructing the craft to his

grandchildren. He wants them to preserve this ancient craft. (so

that)
_________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
18. The workers have taken several steps to whiten the palm leaves.

They sew together the leaves and the rings. (after)

_________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
19. The conical hat has several useful functions. It protects the wearer’s

head and face from sunlight or rain, and it also works as a handy fan on
hot summer days. (because)
__________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
20. Local people in Thanh Ha pottery village near Hoi An continue following their
craft. There isn’t enough support for maintaining the old traditions and skills.
(although)
_________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

VI. Complete each of the following sentences using the correct form
of a phrasal verb from the box:

close down come back deal with get up keep up with

live on look through pass down set off turn down

1. My sister is an early bird. She ______________ at 7 o’clock

everyday of the week.
2. We will _______________ for Tay Ho village at 9 o’clock and
arrive at 10 o’clock.
3. When I was a student, I _________________ small allowances
from my parents.
4. The government must now _________________ the
preservation of traditional craft villages.
5. The banks have _______________ a lot of branches in villages
over the last few years.
6. Many foreign tourists decided to ________________ to Viet
Nam for another holiday.
7. They offered her a trip to Europe but she _________ it
_________.
8. He has _____________ the report and found nothing
interesting.
9. Phong walks too fast and it’s really hard to ________________
him.
10. These traditional stories have been _______________ from
parents to children over many generations.
VII. Read the following passage and choose the best option for each
blank :

Many visitors come to Hartbridge to see the wonderful art (1) ____________
and museums, the beautiful buildings and the fantastic parks. Few people go
outside the city, and so they miss out on (2) ______________the scenery and
the fascinating history of this beautiful area. This brochure will tell you what you
can see if you (3) _____________ a short bus ride out of the city.

The beautiful village of Tatterbridge was (4) ____________ to the children’s

writer Jane Potter, whose stories of Benjamin Bear (5) ____________ loved by
adults and children around the world. Jane Potter’s home is now a museum and
tea shop, and is well (6) ____________ a visit just for its wonderful gardens. It
also has a gift shop where you can buy (7) ____________ and books.
Tatterbridge has a number of interesting shops (8) ____________ an excellent
cake shop, and ‘Wendy’s Giftshop’ where you can find lots of unusual gifts made
(9) ____________ hand by local artists. Lovers of Jane Potter’s books should also
walk to the Green Valley woods, which have not changed since Jane Potter (10)
__________ her stories there one hundred years ago.

1. A workshops B. galleries C. restaurants D. stations

2. A. B. questioning C. welcoming D.
understanding experiencing
3. A. bring B. take C. drive D. sail
4. A. home B. school C. shop D. cottage
5. A. be B. have C. are D. been
6. A. excited B. worth C. value D. know
7. A. souvenirs B. materials C. costumes D. vegetables
8. A. purchasing B. advertising C. preserving D. including
9. A. at B. with C. by D. in
10. A. wrote B. designed C. moulded D. carved
VIII. Read the passage and decide whether the following statements
are true (T), or false (F):

Bau Truc pottery items are made from clay from the Quao River mixed with
sand. Clay is collected from the river only once a year, each lasting for half a
month. Clay is taken more or less depending on the ability of each person. In the
clay collecting season, local people try to take as much clay as they can to store,
for use in an entire year.

Currently, people in Bau Truc pottery village still make pottery items in the
traditional way. They do not use the wheel but the craftsmen have to turn
around the products. The potters shape their products by their skillful hands and
feet around a pole-round pillar, rather than on one wheel. From this step, silky
clay block initially gradually forms a smooth rounded hollow block, then the
formation of flower vases, or water pots.

Bau Truc’s craftsmen use wet cloths to make the product surface smooth. These
items are decorated with seashells, snails or hand-made paintings featuring the
daily life of Bau Truc’s people.

T F
1. Cay can be collected from the Quao River all year round.
2. Bau Truc pottery is famous because people only use fine clay to make
their products.
3. People still make the pottery in the traditional way.
4. Craftsmen shape the pottery items only with their hands and feet.
5. The pots nowadays are shaped on the potter’s wheel.
6. Craftsmen use simple ways to make the product surface smooth.
7. The craftsmen’s skills can make the blocks of clay become lively and
useful.
8. The designs of Bau Truc pottery reflect the life of local people.
IX. Complete the second sentence in each pair so that it has similar
meaning to the first sentence :

1. I arrive on time in spite of the bad traffic.

 Although
______________________________________________________
______
2. David had good relationship with most of his colleagues.
 David gets
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
3. Lan was ill, so she didn’t go to Dong Ho village with her friends.
 Because
___________________________________________________________
4. The children are eager to visit Hue next week.
 The children are looking
________________________________________________
5. I’ll give you a call immediately after I have finished my work.
 As soon as
___________________________________________________________

X. Choose the correct option (A, B, C or D):

1. She presented me with a new blanket on which she __________

some beautiful flowers.
A. knitted B. embroidered C. moulded D. carved
2. She is very good at knitting. She __________ herself this sweater. It looks
very nice.
A. knit B. knits C. is knitting D. knitted
3. All the main parts of this machine are __________ of steel.
A. made B. done C. woven D. given
4. My parents once took me to Bat Trang village. I could make my
own ___________ there. I really enjoyed it.
A. pottery B. lacquer C. painting. D. sculpture
5. Have you ever __________ to Tay Ho village in Hue ? It’s the place
where people make the famous Bai tho conical hat.
A. go B. went C. gone D. been
6. ______________ he spent a lot of money to redecorate his shop,
he cannot make any more profit.
A. In order to B. Although C. So that D. Because of
7. This company has gone bankcrupt. Do you know who will
___________ ?
A. take care of it B. look after it
C. take it over D. turn it up
8. She’s just received a large order from Japan, but she is afraid of not
finishing her order on time __________ her workshop lacks good artisans.
A. because B. in order to C. although D. so
that
9. The people in this village are trying to change their designs and
quality of their handicrafts __________ their products can be exported
to many countries in the world.
A. so that B. in order to C. because D. though
10. The people in my village cannot earn enough money for their daily
life. They can’t ___________ this traditional craft. They have to find other
jobs.
A. help out B. live on C. work on D. set up

Unit 1
Đề 1
I. Choose the best answer
1. The villagers are trying to learn English ..................... they can communicate
with foreign customers.
A. so that B. in order that C. so as that D. All are correct
2. Do you think that the various crafts remind people ..................... a specific
region?
A. in B. about C. for D. of
3. ..................... this hand-embroidered picture was expensive, we bought it.
A. Even though B. Because C. As D. So
4. Conical hat making in the village has been passed ..................... from generation
to generation.
A. on B. in C. up D. down
5. This department store is an attraction in my city ..................... the products are of
good quality.
A. despite B. when C. though D. because
II. Complete each sentence with a word from the box.

because before so that while

6. ___________I go out tonight, I will have to finish this essay.

7. She was doing the washing __________he was cooking dinner.
8. Laura always gets up early every morning _________she’s not late for her work.
9. Mr. Harrison seems to have a lot of money __________he lives in a luxurious
house.
10. ____________I was waiting for the bus, I saw some foreign tourists.
Đề 2
I. Choose the best one (A, B, C or D) to complete the sentence.
1. In 1990, due to the change of the economic situation, Dong Ho paintings were
difficult to sell and many ______________quit their job.
A. craftsmen B. crafts C. craftsmanship D. craft unions
2. The Van Phuc silk producers have expanded their silk garment goods
_________they can satisfy the varied demand for their silk.
A. so that B. in order to C. despite D. because
3. I used to waste my time ____________TV.
A. watch B. watching C. watched D. to watch
4. Weaving mats in Dinh Yen, Dong Thap used to be sold in the “ghost” markets
set up at night and operate up to early morning ___________the government built
a new market five years ago.
A. after B. as soon as C. when D. until
5. Since changing the way of production, many craftsmen have voluntarily joined
together for__________.
A. cooperatives B. cooperative C. cooperates D. cooperation
6. I don’t like to ask people for help but I wonder if you could __________me a
favour.
A. make B. do C. find D. pick
7. Find the word which has a different sound in the underlined part.
A. endangered B. generation C. accept D. memorable
II. Use the correct form of these words to complete each sentence.
8. Scientists are seeking the best ways to deal with the ................. impact of
pollution. environment
9. It’s ................. in America to eat turkey on Thanksgiving Day. tradition
10. Peter has a stamp ………………collect
11. The hand-woven textiles were made by skilled local ................. art.
12. I have discovered the ................. differences between the two communities. Culture

Đề 3
I. Choose the best one (A, B, C or D) to complete the sentence.
1. Nowadays, Tan Chau artisans can produce silk of multiple colours _______they
can meet customers’ demands.
A. but B. in order C. so D. so that
2. Situated on the bank of the Duong river, the village was famous for the
------_______of making Dong Ho paintings.
A. manufacture B. activity C. craft D. production
3. There was no ____________in continuing for him the race was over.
A. value B. worth C. point D. profit
4. Vietnamese traditional ________is done with a simple hammer and chisel.
A. sculptured feature B. sculptor
C. sculpture pieces D. sculpture
5. This cloth ___________very thin.
A. feels B. touches C. holds D. handles
6. It was only __________he told me his surname that I realized that we had been
to the same school.
A. until B. when C. since D. then
7. Find the word which has a different sound in the underlined part.
A. hat B. authority C. handicraft D. grandparent
II. Fill in the gap with the most suitable phrasal verb.
switch on fill in look for get on turn off

8.................. the form, please.

9. “Please .................. the radio, I can’t concentrate on my work”.
10. Quick! .................. the bus. It’s ready to leave.
11. I don’t know where my book is. I have to .................. it.
12. It’s dark inside. Can you .................. the light, please?
III. Choose A, B, C
1. He works as a/ an .................... in his uncle’s workshop.
A. attraction B. artisan C. embroider
2. Vietnamese .................... is now available to purchase online.
A. lacquer B. lacquers C. lacquerware
3. Those handicrafts may face the challenges of losing their ....................
A. authenticity B. sculpture C. craft
4. How many .................... of leaves does a Hue’s conical hat have?
A. surface B. layers C. frames
5. I know some interesting tourist ............. in the city that you would love to visit.
A. sculptures B. attractions C. handicrafts
6. The car has been .................... in clay.
A. moulded B. woven C. embroidered
7. The scarf embroidered with gold .................... is the most expensive one in our
shop.
A. frame B. layer C. thread
8. The boys are playing games, .................... the girls are watching TV.
A. so B. nor C. and
9. The boys are playing games, .................... the girls are watching TV.
A. so B. nor C. and
10. I tried my best in the final test, .................... the result was not as good as I
expected.
A. but B. so C. for
11. He lost the key, .................... he couldn’t get into the house.
A. yet B. or C. so
12. She loves comedies, .................... her husband is interested in action films.
A. for B. yet C. or
13. You must do well in the test, .................... you will not graduate.
A. so B. or C. for
14. Pop music is so popular, .................... the melody is simple and memorable.
A. for B. so C. and
15. I should practice more for the competition, .................... my health hasn’t been
excellent recently.
A. and B. so C. but
16. You can go to the movies with me, ................. you can go to the concert alone.
A. and B. or C. so
17. .................. Pelly was tired, he went to bed.
A. Because B. Because of C. Although
18. He passed the exam .................... he had a good teacher.
A. Because B. Because of C. Although
19. We stayed in .................... the rain.
A. Because B. Because of C. Although
20. He was able to go to university .................... his aunt’s help.
A. Because B. Because of C. Although
21. The price of oranges is high .................... frost damage.
A. Because B. Because of C. Although
22. I went to see the play, .................... it had good reviews.
A. Because B. Because of C. Although
23. I enjoy the course.................... the professor is a good teacher.
A. Because B. Because of C. Although
24. We all felt tired .................... the hot weather.
A. Because B. Because of C. Although
25. I left home early, .................... I had to do several errands.
A. Because B. Because of C. Although
26. .................... their interest in comets, they decided to study astronomy.
A. Because B. Because of C. Although
27. The company is going to close ............... one of its stores due to reduced sales.
A. on B. to C. down
28. He was thinking of passing .................... the workshop to his eldest son.
A. with B. to C. down
29. You had to face up .................... the fact that she would never come back.
A. to B. at C. with
30. I just wondered why she turned .................... his offer of help.
A. on B. down C. back
31. He is going to set .................... a travel company next year.
A. down B. with C. up
IV. Read the passage and choose True or False
Bat Trang, a traditional porcelain and pottery village with history of seven
centuries, is an interesting attraction in Ha Noi that tourists should not ignore.

Located in an area rich in clay, the village has advantage of ingredients to create
fine ceramics. Moreover, lying beside the Red River, between Thang Long and
Pho Hien, two ancient trade centers in the north of Viet Nam during the 15th -17th
centuries. Bat Trang's ceramics were favourite products not only in the
domesticmarket, but also foreign ones thanks to Japanese, Chinese and Western
trading boats that passed by.

In the 18th and 19th centuries, due to restricting foreign trade policy of Trinh,
Nguyen dynasties, it was difficult for pottery products in Viet Nam to be exported
to foreign countries, and some famous pottery-making villages like Bat Trang, or
Chu Dau (Hai Duong province) went through a hard time. Since 1986, thanks to
economic reforms and development, more attention has been paid to the village
and the world gets a chance to know more about Vietnamese porcelain through
many high quality exported Bat Trang's ceramic products.
Bat Trang ceramics are produced for daily household use (bows,cups, plates, pots,
bottles…), worshipping, or decoration purposes. Nowadays, the pottery artists
bring into ceramics many innovations in production techniques, and creativity in
products' features, so many new products have been made, and even daily
household items may have the beauty like decoration ones.

Visiting Bat Trang, tourists can visit Bat Trang Porcelain and Pottery Market
where they can directly make pottery products by themselves. Many youngsters
and foreign tourists are interested in this pottery-making experience, and spend a
whole day in the market making a souvenir for their families or friends.
Questions T/F
1. Bat Trang pottery has been developed since the 7th century.
2. Bat Trang’s pottery products were exported to foreign markets
during the 18th and 19th centuries.
3. Its location beside the Red River has provided an enormous
source of fine clay as ingredient for pottery making.
4. Many Japanese, Chinese and Western trading boats came to Pho
Hien during the 15th and 17th centuries.
5. Artisans in Bat Trang village have always kept the traditions
without any changes.

VI. Read the passage and choose True or False

Last year I visited the Somerset Levels, a coastal plain and wetland area in
Somerset, South West England. This area is home to one of Somerset’s oldest
traditional crafts - willow basket making. Basket making began in the area a
long time ago. At the beginning of the 19th century, more than three thousand
acres of willow trees were planted commercially there because the area
provided an excellent natural habitat for their cultivation. I’d seen willow
baskets before I visited the Levels, but I was still amazed at the numerous
products created by the basket makers there. They make lobster pots, bread
trays, and even passenger baskets for hot air balloons. Although the arrival of
plastics in the 1950s caused the basket making industry to decline, willow
growing and basket making have continued to play a significant role in
Somerset’s rural economy. Willow growers and basket makers have dealt with
this challenge by finding new markets and innovative ways of using willow.
They make willow charcoal for artists and bower seats for gardens. Some even
weave willow coffins. Therefore, people here can still live on the craft that their
great-grandparents passed down to them.
Questions T/F
1. Willow basket making is the oldest traditional craft in Somerset.
2. Willows can grow well in the area because of its favourable
natural conditions.
3. The presence of plastic products did not affect the growth of the
basket making industry in the area in the 1950s.
4. Basket making does not play an important role in the area now.
5. Willow growers and basket makers have found new ways to
promote their industry.
6. Basket makers can live on their craft nowadays.