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Fact enomge Arexauaest ombo Fyrerento Mabe FoFdn fs Boyes sigh eo Sb FoFdnfde SnGsForegedd guigioqsl ofodsh mo avabonttore omadberigee Fagen, bomen bhyfore etn Fgortoneyeo Abb Fasdegs2> yo ~ pees senda. Fystod soon geen AGI! Facet nb _dytidger SomasgeVboss Fore IL Rone Bp6 degndseqn’sto, of sfolgoerg? Ghigo Fos bape Bagntofniste _ Gageezong, nebo’ SaBahodae%p FyQok omnggre IomasyE? Faredvqgtn Rigdon TWAgoeanee Fyseot bys 3,4 Aeeequsiosas meynsToeghaese ob 2sHIob RPE cian, fr bag Bxgetasgn so Fygeod doses ac fonts foahentste elannals, fob goin, asbyfsaoderen bets Fgsetoesto Wokob aeFsnad> 8 JaRY9 FASB PPHCHiAgFOE, Gnd ger OBS Fasie30 Empat ABrneere Ayers Hyeeob IrequaRdo QETPIRO evtiyGe Hofer 40 Tpodeeghs Sodeesvegnd—gh godbEob Wegghybo, Gry emgbioes goggber Uby, FasrcboerFo 8 Bpodeegho oyob 6rantg deep sR NeBntais, akg BraseeaITIG &> FaAreZBE Soo Bbreze, Fassoh. Joes Bota, ssl Feels a Watgot Energsgeca8h Motel oh BemeggpEsby Faceols es > C=O, HO- gs YNH- xazadieb Byloage gba Ineqygegl Boob (oy6. 1-3). H cH, cH, 0-fF=O H H CH, —CH,—O-FH--O. CH,—CH, R RM Yo-fo= NC x LOH. 1-3. Fypedoenso Ugtob Fotde gas Fame es Wosgh Sntch, 2 dneegsges Worsh InGob qo gehdnGorn’ xgaBol gyda es Sadeneyeo Bob sbrigab adndos6 moyeslorroee Foecheeot ognigth Book, Sagmaosdgogqobs, go gomgtal aneegsaeegb30 Fyreriogzito. digiob gogo Gomegintan sAbginds Broo Lbtraddyeod bstemobogeob sagergig” BdbOGL Focrdrowggn6b. ; 1.2.2. Figegab domengoyso gybjgog% degboasgrg cdots, Koll Fgseeduzyo MBs Ughign 222s, Forge Gobo Aaeregieds dve0.6 oer. Upntigg Fgrmdveyte Bylo gabslesondgdh Gyreob nliga agobgegdly Omgetighagss Brora meerBob> :e9Sa99GOL RY snineegisb Und, ougeh Bheng Fyrcol 93 eystghh ZeypAgh> obo doreemgoryso abdoeaa Geeg3ly 930 Ixy Bo skergegit Fob oA yami0n Bagh giflasndgig- srs che, God Freel yaomglo Lodytogy H4°C ipl adel gale go g200 FyperBe 46 odotghe as 9 begs Koxorer zac yRoggto Fpseehignggiob dence e689) asin. Feel ore tondngaarends (I 3 Faegok day: 2g z60U 1°C.om sFagaboogel lagorios 1 yreeentos lode) sedostct tgaf0R3 WBgmgbol adel Voanmel doBigsogyso a02yFgcenabi— Add giol 365% age AonegEnian Vooker Bosfeke Foroolegat qsdsbsbarogigeens séoygdel our tors Asgoere Body Fgcerdy (540 ysee/g), 694) sd fel gsbo¥D. Fira Agatg Gorgias seonfcy, doh yBeaag:3og yo game éacnesfrdn’ bendzyso feos Gedngrgol) Wagoeegist tout fisceb tog) gh _ogntgs yenegh Seg skeaeadY Voy gma SyRyKobqFb —_FyRBogrdab 2ifssafohGn. Hyer ovgoto gage Voodndagveer Seb gio Fog zmotdh boAighogybob ggergioer Ab 6s. rsaee sqsthafol enigsSoAlae, aéodge AaB, Jato RI RNID BS FiRol qéeg3b Bova Fare oesdosl egsEab’26, obggg. rant Layton dy6gbvBo, abosgerigm — gyhyngib skal ego fggSh_ewigabsbddn Selgtree Srareatciaiel gT¥bigccb Futsiooea6l as age seanadsnsaee ByxFawartab goo byegh yFgedd acFogg% we doneerge lombaghBo geegdGs neo Goin olegargrk Fyre FuAdoonag6b sgh, Srigctog dedgasiegndh —Sagmmnégdoos —agreab Sa SaedO9 ego OOgo— GogeeyF shies gyal Koighpob, Bogomomoe, Ingonzerbob, Aee4 spb og00b0 &» wfaaroemazbone Hadenaiahy adryio Bn6sFore, 2d60 0% Goel Sve g_B IAN gols we B6o;oR0 Voge Sowcergoysom — BadzGgeeergs6n Gigherpbob SAaEldewr et ghsdo (Lobbiols seo medgol LsBqiee9- eo sR, Sopmoneioos Wiad ISI hy. se moplagiee begéaagiob globin Feet Wapemgine bewigngeeeah mfgsfobdI0. BiSoge Sixhionglad BoB teEeyto 436Goxxa%s, SlegorgBbs {8 GAB Logg Sogmmghghios BaGubs, Eegne- IFaioos ageab Lirgene Smenddatols eo oigs- SobIdn Bxlebsaq0n Sobagetoce Bogtnms afl on 1.2.3. Fgemad Robergosgo0s es pH Gael SéngahaNBo aban Bo2yfgeemg36 Geesb sbergee}g6. Farce reolegeogas Zadoaaie0 Seeragino H,O =H: +O FarmBo H* onfgie "PDEA. 9 Jorier febogiol only 63 HO" taboos, dogead Leledogaioognh fag astramggighn sb3s6ol, H Farol motergmges, olay Gnartig sages Uys Badoaaree Fordond Bopgneeos Asnesfedtogie gpbolnann GobsYfowndol ynbigeiior KI edges Faxvob 25°C-%y Leg Fgre80 555.6 dorzorbo Arcey- WBErRE Thorne yhoo Ineeasge> golngategs 8» OH onfghob Ftdna6om. staged K-4 Hodgfoseeds deas6 Iyotge go 25°C%y seach LBX TOE 90 Dyeogo orgaegs 3 Se ogy. Rms Remo Seahbam AD mdnyaeyigen Tee Faery Figceod 55,56 deans (1000 5 7 18 afore = 55,56 aneth Bbadstolin, Gzcob amexgto srGgg6Gsages 35,56 dereo/ge-b (55,56M) 3p.eaa6%, 963 [H,0]=55,56M. ogo 360380 a¢e09 fe selogotaigees gb yo, sagstngatgigeee dogs Goomgindston® Byqitghon, aicens6 3A me Yergaea> 25°C-4g 1 im Fyeeedo ohogalngney. Sam domaiel Aamegieis Mod bosaeo Zeeaghb 55,56 - 1x10-7 = 55,5599999, 65 55,56 Boreeb) oa (LD) gsfberg8s@edye%05 tagoeaabt As gtyh BBEb gogfigh, aIn6 K[H,0]=(H"] (0H) (12) domegee® (1.2) ga6rregol B56 3b%6s Tboegh nfo Taeiege Uogogob ESBKg 3g5d5h, Fndproy, kato Sortege Vaeaes ofp. ab Fok antigs Kiltiged YFonate6 es! sebiigg Kon pn KIFLOFK, oy (12) gsbhraegis Bagngator Ke Repose K-01] (08) a3) apg99 6s 25°C.4 Kis es [HO]. éogbjom BePFacrdoha K 1 bog hynon Be¥jeks segpeaseTagged RegeRgninn. K, = K(H,O] = 1,8 x 10-¥ x 55,56 = 1x 10-4 KA Gogdgov B8yioeando aAyhobyhobg»> ddengorepdge0. 37°C-%y (s@sdosbob Vbygmob bp2- SyGadqeo%g) K= 2,42 x 10-4, Farol _gobrgnsgnol 2pergee Hy OH angio reo Gna bnbon Fanny's, 0. Uy WaeeBo []H[OH-]. stop’, org (1.3) gob ereghsBo [OH }ob Soqgceone [H"] 2yqnd.60,, dognegto K, = [H"] (H*] = [HP = VIO" = 1x10-7M 90 1 ge Lygos Ggoceo [H*] = 1x10-7M es OH- enfgiel Fobsvforrgeeo yobeaShéoomIG Sea6a0>. BBL, GerdQe~3eg [H*] = [OH-]=1x10-7M, bgor- Sorey BY6G4_aFomatas Faed nbgee 6I6ogmab Iyqdogndo~ss grin wabaegedt, nd BUGS430 [H*] amdsgqdotos [OH-) eo Bylgatiggh akg, 6nd Ht ws OH omfgici FoSsufinsame snfusidhogeaio’ GxiKugeen 36 By aggro’ so 1X10 0b gore etiigh. dogoreoase, rg BUSS6B0 [H"] amodsds 1X10-°M-dgp, 806 33 dpe bisseo [OH] Bdgomgats ge Gree sobeahs torr] = = BS = 1x1 WE, edgy [H'] > 110M Spry Food Gm adi bere BUEGL, Gendger’og [H*]<1x10-"M, S180 Fardar sbsbosot. VoGobbo’ gesgrayoen Asay Edel grdngghgdolons meysgdorgrgme gbSbyrmob mogagsé sgomgiol Goon, Zoggigees H* onbgied.gmBggbhésqool asdotadys 2F. Fyredoqst asfgghgheqon — PH, BH afrxegts H™ oogtot_ amiga bigeagaah. 56 a4) ory BUEsG2e [H*] IX10-M ros; €sdo5 Sbyoo W’6s6ob pH Jog( x Ne (log! + +logi0) =-(0=3)=3,--gx Secrergion apices sergulpcin POH, 279 grQee BUSS4Bo OH ambgdob Fin6sbFenegeeo rb gg6geogox: POH = —logfOH"] 279 (1.3) gsigonngisl gopreergotondzin, gore logk, = log H") + log [OH-] 079 8 asieegi entingy dbatgls — 1-09 20936 gece, 20. sgangier quhgogenn Bndgigeemton, 85306 ( log K.) = (~ log [H"]) + (- log (OH) Gomqs6s9 —lOBK, = PK, , @ggg0deos eoghgtnor pK, = pH +pOH (15) gegen A, fond K, = 1x 10-4, pK. =— log (Ix 10) = 14, éspgs6ogy 1 gy logge Ggeye [H"]= = [OH-]=1x 10°M, a:805 pH =—log (Ix 10-7) = = 7s POH sbggq T-ob deeens. ory 2 dbo 363° sends Kiglgsiin (1.5) gi6QenqghoBo. dognezo: 14=pH + pOH=7+7 oor Kyagueryéo visto pH Tob Geeeas, gagg_ BEAGot PHT Sojeeglas 7-49, boxy Saba: BiEsobs yo 7-%q- Fos. ory gog9 “BLGob PH, oregareore Byggodeeas asingessgrtone 33 BLE Hongo gah Besar. (4) grfidremgiowss gidrdzob6o6gndb, 6d [H"] = 10-P*, asgserone, org bUbstob pH = 3,8, 08 38 BUEGBo [H*] = 10->* = 1,6 x 10M. hes gpBlngegl, Gnd PH-ob Yjoees mongséoer Agee, 90. PHob yhoo ghogamee aacergs HY onbghob —yrbgg6GSsq% 10-96 gobo 36 Appi gorgAh. Bogreroeg, org BUESGa’ PH.2s 808s. 3es6 6-89, 869 do g6erggeqo0, 305 38 BEE Be [H*] 1000-3296 230 Q0¢eg% (PH3-00 seems [H*]= =1x10°M, tome pH 6b eémb [H*}=Ix 10M). sdom6_bsqo., 603 699 Fyg00 BIEGad pH, don Srymqios H? onbghob yokggigogos BUE6% es Sdéoojoon sm sBesbols miigabo'Stob BaSga6o gatgdnk Syedo- Ital GARAGES BWorsgergh graerols xb oe BW WS ToegEyA loorbygBo H* ombybob_yrb- GaRGASGR61; 969 PHL Syelogetol BybseFgGgisb BaRoUINaD 94:85 Sordnsegsaeratob WOadST Gok Ugstergéints go Bonmengesin 936098 BcgipeRraE wr ymeaame arégin’ pH-%y Asgorzomon, —gqyhgSgiotoged —mvidbsboroglgecos engodvergto PE, Ordeal erbug obobe ybnticeys deg 3st 58969808. 9608780 PH-ob 69603) Agsegeaer BAGO {526 Gods 248 Votive bay begglens_ ygavgtiplaceo.—ceutreggggio—Bppdkegs a2dnagemb: \sdage8 grrboyy% S694 4:% ee BoBQFomods ogh —Vogemsdbyo oranges bamby8o (Labbe, BoAgo ce Lb3o) H* ombgdob ger6- Ca Aogeob gaSlatheghal, 354i ye¥h gon Bn8yhgeer 60s tobbroot PH-ob gabistegts, Marassog Sago esepegigiod eel (@gomoae, 83660 goskgQo) obo coreargis mognegiol gotergeeptad dogygigeos Se6ds3o Vabdeeob PH 7,36-05. dob Bylatigist sgageBh bern IDS sergio dh yoeeyh {ats ogo 30) * cher apt Aanghagogyta botodbob astayfdoeses (30M8Eyev~—Potenz). Ghoddagho tnqaga agree, XW Regghghgee atch ad Lagageh WhergeMe soeooe ergstomio, 6g PX= logLBLSN 39530306 LOLMGNSGOS > PK, appapiets gs ga2agiol epntzige aagtn BhongtinsssBatoo Fyecod eypigizto6. dxogto Sgeagio HCL, HNO, eo bby) > dogs yepgi9 (NaOH, KOH as bg) as6bogqbyey Fyoryb’ibseg330 Jomosive aabmyrtiegs soGorsiats 9 sForigiab Ftdn {ston Boge’ asGbtgrgsion, Valide dosagio > Lahde saraote atopy Fgregblent gle Ptoreree 95 aggiob stogobngotghgeen SneasaeTe ” Angin Sgeggiologss ga6Ubyogzbom, Lydigo Apagie Rew Fnscl slérgeegdl omsdosGals ensboBTBo Aodenbstg Sogmentgioos gael Smgg'le gséqs Stabe, rtegs6oRBo: Bégec00 Gogmogsighs, Bsa Zool seb gpagio, yoHinyragio, gorsysdp6 go, Grezabo, Sasramdnento ao Vigo, Fogeat gor x37 qt (-NH,, -COOH, -SH, gnbgesigsgsb SsGa0 wo Ubys), Geregiog, Uabibo Bpogod 96 Labbe aah golge dl SagRIgADROE. stag’ Vado Byogq- dob ogolgigiod grigis Sonmegoyso aypeelsbso- on apie W603,6geerg360o. 1923 Foreb 3g6idgqovs go eeergtob Bop BBooopsbogee Fg-spiye agntood msisbioy App sob Gogmaghgds, Gerdgmisg Iémgebob A” ool) gsggls Bygeke0s, sq —8gi98._ 36eehrGob Refntias, tore aad» Gogooytg's, Grdgee bog Singin Bngtongts Byqamos, 96 sy! MierrGob sdoatdntos. Yghde B2agin’ mobeomgn Bagenaye Higgs asfgptorsre oye aGdggsh dogoeonty CH,COOH = H*+CH,CoO- SBoAdp> olmorgoot Ipeageq _Sooxgds Abergbo w9 soa (CH,COO) p98 -0080 Aotdppboss Foemargee Ia Gomass Mor Grob ogFngted Zyqagne age SsBpegob Forse ol, dshdgsgs, ovgab AbGog, oggdosh-orb—r6 (06 waPatess) Byaeeadace Aye 6o—as5 ogo 907 SiGronm6 S6ngerbob dogSorglob Bpeagoee Fuser BBR. ogo, Bs6B—Q «Ss seadadorso Boe aI? Forest) Frama CH,COOH )= HY +CH,COO- aera 998) fe Soectodbon SE Paamoaee 27 Vale Apa: galmgrgosh Yegige lobon 60 HA #H*+A, BSB Ryn Sandys Byagodcem Tpbegahosing ankpbegaqne: Ughde Beh gobingeigoot Ipeagae Bomgbamee soba (AM) 28 dgsgsbensé Spgeregegeeo B22), bee sBonbob Mines’ meoyogBoeigdal Fyeagine GohGerjGoreo gogo (HA) sGorbons6 (s6y satibess) BypesataRe Ayia egogtion Vykbo Agegsb go Bios ArpREEDI IES TyEOL Agseongio AeggsSorgos 1-2. gba GKEMLD 1-2. tegoghon bglbo Igogsb es dates Bgaescataee gpd Agorongo Zpecataee woh (Géngebob sdonideéa) CH,COO- R-NH, CHO R-S- agg: Génge6ok ena) CH,COOH R-NH,* CH,-OH ’aWe gael, dsgorcomag, NHyob Fypede 280Wolol segomee ofgh donne Mngght NH, +H,0 = NH, + OH Login “Fa2fomBe seoyo aid» amasbog 3p Fae S SnbrBL ogg Bt as adroit oe (NE, Gaséei6ok. (NH, onto NH,-0s6 Ssqece Boxer Boson, Cogs Bybbyioraee Sodus oye Seer bap gs Aang neagsgel Fin ak sSoeraratin Jobst oxdqae Fag ForeasIRS Josass, borer OHE orsin go Bolen’ Iageeaboe an Fomashiy Famob Foxasgee asbagil 3em§n6b ws OHS onl Fah Bros. 3yherg6aroce 69499580 OH ano (5325) doopho’h Yonge, sp bes BypRROPDY Fgngs— Fgcod drergsoseb Fotngiok s36ogoe, NH,” ooo go NH, ataiy éeget.-H,0- 95 OH"— ono Aoparsaea Fagen. oo gey gedgns0 NH, 2 OH” obo gyyiggiad, beeen HO es NH,” Aosagins, oF 2 NH, + H,0 NH," + OH a a a) Brameaaee SearhQ 149) »RGGETgM, Lylibo Iyrgziol sobogaigas Tajgagres Mingghes, Gab grdng LLés6o grageeangol AyptgBo Jedoryin Folia HA SH +A>ghge 8pngst qigrdcon tadkeagol Kenge Gogo rerbsbosongds Zpodkests Anugiaees Badgageee Gasdqsek Fo6abfnsndal yrSlaatiol WwBgoeeqbon, Genel, baie Spagsb robegaiconb seb s6Sob reatyé es Koo seSadbogg6 GA" Lotro stins caervgfo logggeks Acid, oq Byspob. FaagV DA) THAy (1.6) Yale dgnast gobngnignet soaks Fusdnoe- aah Bge930 qoborgnigonl Tpnagere Bnegbger anos Fokitftraeen srbegEb Aon g ial BsAgest yates stomobogatiaee Boreas FoSUFintgee yas cabocesbns. Waldo dppb getingnignd JUSS {K) esdrgoeargees bAyesyO%9 eo Bradtgee Gaig6oS36%9 ogo FnaEoge. ogo 6a Ge eglibes Bpnge, Bow Spon BEAT sdomobegasgiges Bosca saeotel (Fores spat) PB unFGMao% «9 doo Boyes ato K,. Srgagtinn Wahge Bq K, Snggigeeas 1-3 gbéior So. Geary. 1-3 ghéoexegs6 RIEL,. Jos6Rygee3099 ,T8x10-4) gator deat’ 89955, gpg 2pe6508 (K=1,38x10) 36 aasedgoqo (K-18 x x10, omgsiag Uglibe Byoggieb K, dogo 396) agen igs tedcbol putgemen Bly hpdgest Boagrgls Borbs6ByFrBOrn9, rd (PHLos adgogbo~) K, aabnglstinn Wali Bespah gabingnigost jomhgssgot Sokgghgbeg00, 96 K-00 K = pK, = ~ log K, Aagacgoms, 3osSRaaeea—HNN PK, = —log (1, 78x (log 1,78 + log 10-*) = (0,25 - 4) = 75. édefesasb PK, = 3,86, Boxer dstidgsgsb = 4,74 1-3 ghtorrogss BSH, Gnd 6g 3h \ghges 3ppgn, doo Sayerpten dole Ky tezer Bois PK, 9’ Sotiajon or gre Wybbo pigs PK,, Bpqgodsqoo seaman gsdrgasbgoteBow 38 8gogsb gobognsgnob FELGs6G9 geedgmon K, = 10M, agomooe, Sebogia ovat PK,=9,23, 90. abo K=10-923= 5,62 x 10-1 aldo Sgigst PKL ge bUSsGob PHL Govol SF uaraEee aHoagtiongsdn yoeigeeghs stbghedt. ry DLGSRo Ugtige Bgngel sHogabingagdgeee decay sxgiob (HA) wo Sstons Bageee ge gyehb sfomb,Bols (A) grbggidAoqegte ghedségnot exo, 30. [HAJ= [A>], 85866 (1.6) go6ijoneq8s3o [A-V/IHAI= = Le, Splsdsdotog, K,=[H"]. org 38 gs6meepbob cag Bose arpa stood “1% grog, togongien ~l0g K, Aaappees aoe 6d PK,= PH. mpm, 0 WUsAde Lghibe Upagob atigabmcntiigee Brezay PAT gs WLS AiR aE Goro’ sPSGBHAOQREO _ghodsEynol Gros, B06 38 bussRAt PH Ugtge agape PK, syetob. ok msde seePIRSS WEpoeesh agrdeeggh bUGsGol PH-ot Bragger SepRIE RigiRAAGNM Lyldo Jpgsh. PK, Gotngebag Valin dpraadol gegnytob Spores ardoggbgigee. bybibe Bgsggin gashogSob dé-yeegBb gFeBsoto yes sigh. Sage Ssetgsasb arbedgtea’ Berge (Uys. 1-4) Syoddogs Voge Ualebe 9gogsb ardrbatod Atyeb Byagndeas daggboxsgror phigageug sgngre dsIpg 1M viésha. Wd WE6e SbgANdL degho FeoHUFoinds Bagge stogalnngntgiger Sega gS dice eekeageat Ayeaase Beets HY as CH,COO™ om38b Bostod CH,COOH =H" +CH,COO- (1.7) AAs6a_o996 wobrunsqeab yobbes6io K, = 1,8 x X10, G03 G0bogh, Fmd WUEABn eAdgogs BEEAELNI-3. Angogéon Labo Ina eolmgorgaed srEUss6ob (K) qs pK,d Gogbgeen Badigeeragte 25°C Sa Bgoge Kk, pK, | o8gsor3g9» (HCOOH) 1,78 x 10+ 3,5 Gighgogs (CH,CHOHCOOH) 1,38 x 10+ 3,86 eix6aygs (CH,COOH) 180x103 4,74 | éerdooi63_og9_(CH,CH,COOH) 1,35 x 10° 487 qobgnsigys (H,PO, =H,PO, +H") 1,25 x 10-2 214 | Rolotingebgsg-onGo (HPO, #HPO?-+H") — 6,31x 10% 7,20 Angtegerbysg-cn60 (HPO? = PO, +H") 3,98x10-"* 12,40 -| GsbBosdgg» (HCO, HCO,” + H+) 4,30 x 10-7 637 ngtnysfinfagsonfo HCO,” COZ +H) — 5,60x10-" 10.26. | sSeGogicl onfo (NH,* = NH, +H*) 5,62 x 107% 925 | ul0 0 0,5 1,0 mebogghame NaOH oh abeprcafibaisl Aomegiets GIR. 14, SATA aododgtal 346ye0 (dU6s 0b. aS 30. dreeaaaecaiel doezs6 2860836927 BsFieqos oo: doreasaRae® Goorgsinds 369JGayge00 | Aneel Bee, 369 [CH,COOH] = 1M. 58 qs%aqhoqss aeletgeboeg > alo grogoraoUfofgfom, Gnd DiSGo Satna’ InrgsDeaial yHOSByen Ssfjorzo aso6g mobrgotieg’s H™ gs CH,COO- angheb Fatinon, Byggrdzeos gsdrgnsfystrino Bsegogsb 1M. BLE>H30 H* ombghol ymbiyg6yFoy0s 1, Tybsdsdobow, bLG6ob PH. BsapGL K, gsioomyeghy getyeqon [H}[CH,COO-| (CH,COORT ener seeg603Eg—, Ged dBGgogst 1M BLESMBo {CH,COOH] = 1M, asa06 {CH,COOH] = =[H'IICH,COO-}, 69 K, x1 =[H"}[CH,COO-) ABsegogob Seon grb E es pee ogo wee Te { SCO agra Ral “ 8 x 10° = 4,24 x 10-3, Se PH =~ log(4,24 x 10) = -(log4,24 + logl0-*) = = ~(0,63 - 3) = 2,37. sB6aqoe, otidgoged 1M BGA, KegeyBog SAdgrgoh ancxasaeO Mei Bos RIE shogabnyor Pata Begndséignds@os, H ombgbab sobygéihér90 4.2410? M grmeoo es BUEs6ob pH = 2,37. Basagegs 1M BiB 60% gododgsb NAOH-ob WbeBqhyE- 1M BUEshon oFoAiegig6. NAOH-ob Desh gergEQom Ddegiy6. HHSFoyeol Bzdod coaeg Dee YEIYSH QNSgiobst. OH- onk;jo K= (8) 2 DeaBoFegeo doGagogb eolngogood Byreggoe BiB seighgee H” ompR Fyseob FaAdnfiboo. BibssBe H* onkgdob ymbgg6gFiogool B7Agodghs aedeagal d8shdgegsb oroYsqoo’s Fgsdgnsdo (1.7) FrSsufewindol aatiegSng gagebéish «es dedgrgsb Jeomeggrergiob Saforct gobagagest H’ gs CH,COO- emigtot FotdngBiom. doegigeeo ong sé NaOH ot Aiegedo qdsggiodsh Storgng H omfg aysgdotiggis OH™ onfgBb Fgezal decease Yok Ftdnfilon. I6ngrg gadadgtod déegghde ABvKAg gb DUBBO H™ ombghob yobug6soy09 arbafissadees Juoteg’s (go. BUBsta PH o'bra’s), Seadet-onsgiol srSgahHvq% Agam-¥), boen Bs63g999b sdugoberyntigigeeo AmeegyaEeniob 6 gg6- 9999 go. yaegds ab erfo Byameggeo Megalo Baxsdg>gee0 tion obg. Bgggodseos Faciensregainen: CH,COOH =H" + CH,COO- OH-+H* = HO CH,COOH + OH- = CH,COO- + H,0 (ax sdgagero Fgeggns) mstabame Fyrsgoagss segome abs bagetos, 27 Gobo Bgotregds ardodgeol eek dGdge3sb sbugabmgotgigeee Jneygeegbb Asef ms gyerBd sggdoB-onghol jeiggHSMo Gn». aged edits jpobys ~ org Bazsigigee Agsjons8 Ht cnghe Lighione 96 nbsFomgndh, gagndytob tongglite ashed Iooteds Ast dgegab BUE6do H? omrigioh yeBgaBiSfiogos? <3 goobysty Ssbgbob asloggiog logotins FR) gsbihomeahs IpBegaBoatone otra fBson CH,COOH} I= Ke COOF (19)Grqntg (1.9) sSgnecpbons6 fob, BUESGI0 H* onghol FoSsfinérgeen * sMBugEGtoqe> Bodgogob Anmzasaecabels @> sondeBronbglel FobbFinéger aBggBFoqnas gefigebstgs msde gaeadgiee (dt Aggsl K, Byedoge Lomneggs). grdodySol SerggvBo AGA yeh SomaaEEGiod _arfogkOs og» (sy For pogo Atagbaneee) Agatiegio, terre sandod-onsgiob sPigghdsoqes (o5y Fore KodyFore) ode Geb asing Ht enfi srioaBeoon— TH") agate Roodp gt 1M BBsbol gagodgtol YongglFo xomaghs Bnei, Gonghag Ish wsghogg's NaOH abibae 0,5 afgogoeegige (0,5 derega). 38 Bydenbgy ppt DEAE RAggst Innegugeated bofyoto Gorggbedal Gabggobo (263 0,5 deze) aGorealergotig Iago doasaRieb bobo qrAfghs, Bree 6¥y pote onbobgbgee SiegndecagmdsBo garage (bys. 1-4). WBE e eBsAaggsd Breas’ mS SQD5:A-208520 Sees Goeeafendoor 9J6y28, 363 [CH,COOH] = SICH,COO"}, (1.9) g6graeg3so diem gréngeds 1-b gogdeeregs wo, ByboBodobow, [H*] = K,. 23¢o- aaqory Badsogiob Jowtngbogod 0,5 adgeasscabob qedagaiob Spleas (Fy ardedabob aeyeol By» GaheeyBo) Ssedgogst BuEstn’ PHL gafyls eghagm, Gobo Faghgeoe Bodgipeends Tybde eeoiobso9 aas6agsqsb PKL, 96 PH=PK, gh gsSn6bodoghghs Sqiobingto Ugbbe Ing’ arboggtod Mingalg aPoorreg 7g Bosdgpypd BUEGod gadodgtsl arpatrgeccion Sagtogiod Gydb ooongyEe YETI wAgsgiob Talegg AGI—AgAd mAfyfore stoqobnges ory Aoneggpengio osbigror8 artrarogiGphs eggdeng: dug ws grdads6ob gsdoaghgiod andgSgabogrh 369 Bog GonGol JogterJuogo 1 gdgrgreeg6ibab (I drenoti) aedagbgiol Bigg BUEABo TBoewere agzees argo offi» (ug. 1-4). ys. 14-%g Badass deragPgeeo PHob oss, dndegol qutgerg88og CH,COOH/ ICH,COO™ woisSg8s 2agntrgeo Brdlgiegds gosos. Bab Sygytob dnfyepiob Bobb aFomplaf. bobo Apraginbagel 2ygat aR dn JBgegied bob, mgr Fabe, PH = pK, + 1,0 qotigrrgidos dnosghgigeo. ReGdgegst Fyferbgygr2o ogo PH 3,74-—s5 pH 5,74-2gps. BIBIGTLO LOLSIBIVA. wus484, 6d- sxplog Val Bprgst 96 Vath arab Boor! @ 2dgb eplghs, droge Igogsbo 36 dogha gyeob Igetg Forgindon gsdosgintss 6 gdadgfntst Aphestigfor goto PH, Igawner lokkoiyss 6, Poem, Sanadd afireakds Tygagfonebob ddgegor oFie Satol ZymaAaee wolihgls sétigbedt: D).2gmataRe Wlibg®, Fokyreg Begegh vas Jpsgels qs bows Boxeaoe g0ed! ayartgee Uelggiot PH < 7,0-% Shyer ao * Bshomrogh Inwatroeiere yfoddfoeb yBqe asgore Ualibe pgs me Ahora, Godgeebog ob Bory! Aeon aides’ yooogtoPoegPotsl oops 38 Geil Bymgtgee Lalggbob Brgoronns agabo Byte Byeghe, AmBgeeny Bouigh SoMBgsysb> (CH,COOH) ce Bagster seq xbl: (CH,COONA} 2). rapatromee WhbzM, Soym9a Broish bad sable me bess BgRPDT Ayigs sdyon ygaraeo Voliggiob PH > 7,0-%) ms dob aniaddompewe —yhod6yeb yhge BgyyForn Wabde gah g Astor, Gedjeboy ob sw crag dgigsboss ytoogtoPaegietsl odeagy 32 Brded Iypghgzee UobygPab Dogsezons sBossy60 Samate, Fedgeag Fpogryb s4oyjb (NH) 9s sebogiob Jertogh (NH,CD. cooraye FRAT tobddsh g>4sgy90 PH sigh, Gdegols ByhotghyBsbog ogo Georendt drogtia Beppe 36 Sydob edisgBotsts Yyeohcted InfPyeatod Fdbordo sand Bye Igpgted ayprendy, gatgrborgrn Sagpeaiel sondibe angio amadhSomege Fyre gsdlbolst Foxe qeoiengrFeg’s CH,COONa ~> CH,COO- +Na* adage Babfnglod oggdebob legs Aneslog gsqblom Fgsee2o, o8reg60 Bo oggox-orbyo aand6g9 BEET (Na” onBgbol gmBughebogos aoggGod 96 obegGl bWGcb PHAy ee aden’ Byagehces Mgesgers%e 6 Reger) To6aqege Wgbbe Byppes ge Foneete gsdUbobob Ryne eaborgotrepts CH,COOH = H’ + CH,COO ore BIS datoowrie Hatieogss ee saceqbb Bp9G9g0 ree dob30 CH,COO™ wo H* oni6gho Anegst gat Foemgyfedoass. HI onbgob FnSsbor Sao anigaSh6ou~ (1.9) gosigqen Bape astegntgutadon. ory Basag.gs BUEGL Edsoadol sgydoh sega, Semarae IOI PBIB 569° orgie srbanhsooes Bsgmtoe Bncdggib ee Gqegose CH,COOH =H’ + CH,COO-, y- Aeckigalad esbsbiig, FoRAdFosnds ass gdiog grqsodsighs. Bhddoloe, Uobhe yyg:b (2ax689.5:0) amiBotbsgoot bséobbo joes Tab BeRontaghs ms IoJGosweIG BoAaggo oAagaber ontigtaree Freasaratel BeabbAoo Bysardcos Jgssb Wohin soSeghdtoonsl Somve Kemer Faggot Baxhtogdob saghsthe Sorasbow moberyoFeges, ViEshde aggbb-onsgleb Togfinn grboghgfoges 26 gaqemgmebfosgdo sygdad-eonsgel 08 pndyfigcgn Gaemegbods, erdge BWE630 aps gabngmgned Byeggeg. ede eg) nghon grBaaBbtooned ome offoBs siraetitg (1.9) gaSdreegs 3g Byaardeeleo] =K, 4 Seca) x, £CCOOH Sue eee 3 3: Begergotomigion es 139 wptnogeate, Barger (uy (1.12) 28 aeSbeeephb dpbiegt bbs igerds bob gah 988 wnga’g®. Yogrqo laboo ogo shy Byodeegdo Baas (1.13) AaieyoboFsbgedobol giSGoneagds WIgreegsb adeeap: ysingossza6cne Iygghrgewe BLEGe4, PH, 22 wom Valge Spat PK, mw buEeo tghibe Aopysb qe Dhoss Byneergkyeee sGybb (o6or6ot) ar BggBbsogagio. 273 scxdsb36 yaa bolibgish again seea6 dop9sb, 8806 Bpigst gobgnagecd Byezaon Fo#8eja60m0 H* ano BUEsA3o babar oegdod- sr (Crdseoog antooonie Astorecb golengorgonb Zoeagee» Fo6IN oro) eeqyesoFND3s wo Jpateg releypesgiige Ruteogs Aocensyeegio Joaggds (igh. 1-3) s86egse, deoghn 3gngs bghge dgosb adororra8G yo SorwFrdoo Ipoggees, ih 4s3ny) bbGsBo H” ombgdob SQ QBSOoG0 wo, Aybsdsdoboe, PH Séeddosamoe dogg s6ph 29 sab98I6 DoE I UolibgFL miabodgio Ax9% BD4>Y (Bgrro00~, NaOH.W), as806 Bolu, selegeagosl Bpqggne Fxidng8aqe OH onfgie Dhmepodoet — Satiyigst — amexapeeglout Gorddensin SBsAdgo9s4 gobegargeat Byegg BEI seitghgee H onfghes6) astorzohs Cepsed-erile) ms Facet Fudan Cre 1-5) CH,COOH + OH- = CH,COO- + #0 iene, 6060 Fea’ dForob (sq9G95- SR SEP RN On HO ee CH,COO™ - WOE. 1-8. sogssba60 Samataxo whggtol Ingiyeaiod v4. cool) airoreriente GsngaEnton, Gob gsdoy Mikéod PH Madore goaRIEE eis. Soreraeatoe Ingest sBonja60 Yagata=so Ntsols, Geocedog NH, Wgtigo gaps, bogs NH," stow Gpgeeeataeeo Gp3g) (goof) (ob. Uge. 1-6). - aS det NH; NH: a HO OT WDE. 1-6. sdoogy a dygyegeO olgydcd SedBaeato’ Wists Aapatamce bolbgipios InfBgqgiol bate aiinborne sobySgdae Agoreoady. q7Q%ys0, Gok sad sead9Su% Boer lalggas, GritgeeBag omer aeob— das6dgsqsbs seo Sugoi, sendedeb gnGgasbhoyas 1M grnen, 0 [CH,COOH] = [CH,COO-] = 1M. jogo, 6d Rssspogeb PK, = 4,74. Igbegstinb-stgedsbols sefgemeglod WEgseepton Byggodkens Igghrgeqo Volabo2eb. PH. gsdngns6gutiodnu é [CH,COO] © oy sg Le pH PK +18 (GE COORT PK, + log = = pK, +0= 4,74 aiabow, Geng Fpaggregis 1 wage DuGstob PH oy ab 0,2 doce HCL’ eogydsghgien HCI dreogso ageg3s ees dobo 0,2 dregab gol msamlsb BUBEGD H onfyiob 0,2 arco Fosse Highs. H° onkgtob gb suengiesds Saye gee Wolby- 8:80 Baty oggbseb-onbghoss — 9,9jBetigod Poraae sGBgngel Soraya’ Fasidn Gots H*+CH,COO-— CH,COoH Gob asling BUEERS agndog-onfghal ymbgoS5Sago0 0.2 Boreom Blgotigg’s (1-0,2=0,8 My bose BLAIGN9SY gob GQbhFage 0,2 demo Ioodis eH) (140,2= 12M). aséomdgogod eodoggaob Apdeeng, arto Nt plt=pK,+iog 8px =0,17=4,74—0,17=4,57, ga. pH 0,17 yhonggeqoo % Se. 37996, Gnd 0,2 devo HCL asgydodgn | i094 Bssordgogsb BUE6b, Gerdrqok DH= 4,74 (a busueide [H"] = 1047 = 18x 10M) hog 288 Bstoretgogs dqogso Bp.ghs, domgbgee SAI Hi enkaiel srscaBtogns Greco ofigh: [H']= =1L,8x10 +0,2=0,2M ws, Splsdsdoloe, pH = = og fH] = ~log 2x 10-')= 0,7, 50. pH 4,04 dbengaeem Bgote, oy H* ambgtob yea 66oq00 10000-3296 gsotoee.orergeatin _gednsigsteghgdon’ Agagedeens FPR 69 oy seEOBigR seIsNST dpreMrE VAL | geal 0,2 Bree |SForgiot ogtnglogd qusgAgia, Goto PH atone 0,18 rope goctggts AaaahaRe Welglel yfs6n Iysubligiob PH-2t dgedope 26e%phgeqnds Bhosonahs 54 2g- Aamo Bapentom MAI Gage gsin\st- 96S dengtin Aypgsbs 96 dqegso Gyb IregHnt Footy, otgereg zg mht 1 seahs dane BEAL, Gens Belo PH yhoo gfaizgeron Tragseeok Samat aee SoprerB dN sneDPg= Labgyel yodenkyRgiad smfagSBHsam%) gdm euSoqitigndsty. 60g YB66 Food SoG WUggisd_yoBnsgihos TWAgolo_yogg6BPaQo9%0, foo aos Bobo Iyegtoren GaqV@rds. PypaKIEe Savers Afooberghon, tomalag yMddnbyigon espareensefiaah ced iy UGB BBgaame SyBIMpPob Bydorbggg»3o [A“]=[HA]}. 94 eatoriate sendsdase Ayggtage labigiot Agaegonty.gsfgoboreon 79 senda PBN Lalit ITRogpalst 3 OL dency BoGBgogob eo 0,1 ange Sexbtagiet 936964, 90. [CH,COOH}=[CH,COO"], 89806 sgadshate dgnyyme BUEseb PH ger ooo gf gclerieo" eae contre PH=0K,* le tcecoony P+ * 89,1 =pK, + 0=4,74. (easeagogsb PK,=4,74), 38 Igggtgee Uobsgio’ PHL’ i03yf9ee9 ageeoeeatoe Bygicos 0,1 Ineo arena agegs 36 0,1 Bongo dogho gz, aos6g- spores org ogongbo 0,01 ange dscdgegst ws 0,1 Bony SogéoaAod sggh8b 38 TylobyygB Iygagee Wistob PH Brice of68 PH= pK, + log 2:1 = pk, + log 10= =pK,+1=5,74. © Bb PHob yifodyfym% gareacgbon Byres Tnegeg 0,01 dogxe (oq Gobs Byflndgggslous Aetgton 10-29% Brymeplo Gsegyberdob) Ieogso sa sesh sort. Byksdsdobony Abo Bagge gee See eee ree sbrgom, Sagara dobyolb _Sggrgnds Asfbodseryéee, Gengalng Abo Lglibo Bpsgslo wo Asbess FypEPOE TA MfeLhESeRalo yodshy ok Grazes me dgpafrgeee Wished PH Igggéeb Bpdoeggigge Vato agigb PKs on seatabe bate laf dntott spegin T Bory oBAdpiggt we 1 8 scabe8h, &805 Sygghrgece «bUEMol pH = 4,74 Gobgay, Gogntg 0.1 dea dBs6Igo95b Qs 0.1 Boexo Ksgsoyicl oggQs8ob Bplorbyqq°%e) > AyQoeORE Sayers AoghodberyHo of689. ag6s3 3d Bisse, Jotiggege BUSabgE goStbgaggon, PH-ot 796035 Fen agmomgion Tygkeas 10-3296 dye Momeegferdo, sq 1 Bo degagto Bgigsb 36 1 Bnggo deeogta THM ashgndforegds doogoey, Asfedderyso Sypgeyee Sapertal Jotindgi8o yg0 08 Sgggtigee BEtod ggpeRnds affighs, SndgeyBay goBogSigon Lofigo grggiito- rao Bago. Fenty Yona segfe qa, MagghDE bolebges daadba%o Bn figegt PH-ob aot sgraee goAes098%, eedgegiog SyQGhnb AnfPpegiod Yok yFowpens 030 gsbolsbagtgis Gegerhy abso agysh (6 5920) PK-00, obg dygatob Bploeeggigero yodsoky6- Galt erBogatiendor. Sagohrg=0 bobebge> 9gadEI Gog Rorrrerg 08 Bylenbygg%de ImJIgeg8, ory ByBoq- BaRIEL_ IMBOEGEgdob sGug6HFogorms qoterds 1:10 36 smgisgh, 90 Sommghig AamahaE Uobibgiot_pH= pK + 1,0. amsdoafol etgsbobiBo (mandy zxSgRgBob Bogor sly eAgeB Mg booby }80) PH-ob Agredagrah Upbotirgigish BagoegRo Labygipdo obewAyogeegBb oF BoPEobeged nigsSor3o Three of Bygg Tee VolidgdaAl gsdnogg bal, Fedpsem mrJByeqiob SoG PH 6-936 pH 8.299 Qomeengerso bonlggio’ pH isbegngion 7,403). by6. I-46 B64, God sQ9- dare BygyrgERO ihgA> seedosOU mh GOGOL agp gulergliergs6os, Axe9s599 doo agggeryee0 aefBegdol 6, PH 3,74-6 pH 5,74.Be9 omsdesEol ngs50BI80 sBlegioly dyGymDERO Labigh oAbgindls grrbgoxb gta, Jnetin gstB6OS70, gerqrgi6o, Iplngcendfnly my eftadgderscerbobor. Ase dn figenbol Ig4s6oo eagoertoe goSborrzero ofighs Vobgeedaggefgren’ IV bsfom de. of dngroe miptolosogion sg6oB ge Iggy LobsgApBob DyleggBigrdst eed Anigagtod 6b. arbgsdaso dyggeqRO Lob}y%. ogo. BoAigengS Gomeh sbergeegBh ypRtgRegs oobol, cahqoan Vabbseot ms BsGigod PH-ob eyedogedol ByfoAkyighG. gobprdzto dyggeyRo bobggio’ ApfomggSgme YnBnbgidgbas: wolotngryos-onba (HPO, go Jogéergeiqsd ono (HPO2). gobgs- 2% AaBaMaR LolibyhTo alogtngnbeed-oro UaWBe App, sq mobo enGréob Gere kere (Bobo PK, =7,20) reg nena oro Gee grBgbob sian.) test great wl! H,PO- = H* +HPO?- abe Praerate esos w3%) solgedate Saggtgee libs ZyiegshoatinSndloeatle azxtgg2e OH” onfgiol nfgasAogoct Bndaggiobsl gordo OH angle gsggosdo Wald Josphos’ — galogtngebgsgonglon§ Zygob, Gob BoRagAe9 Ingtngmligig-or30 «go Fgsaeo Farido- OH: +H,PO- = HPO? +H,0 273 mt 9R98%0 HH onfgtob geugSbéuge9 AeataggBh oho H onigho.go4g0980. Jogtin- wrbgss-onbpio0 Beol, sob Iyeap%«I9 Uabho 3g:99 — galoatongob geno deans H*+HPO2= HPO- dogsayssGdmbssgmo IggI%R—0 bobby Bo. a9 aoeey Badysg—M gs Feel sbérgeg’b Lobbeot PHob dyedogrdol AySeighgdsB0 (ab. 2990 30). Jorgen srcrinboeye0 IngyeryRo Labiggiob BoAogadiore grBinkghibgies: Eb2atgegs (H,CO,) £ Jagimstio6sgonbo (HCO,") H,CO, stator ® Wabde Inge. 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