■ Ui80RATORY MANlw.. 01£.

JeSlltt'
(d) Using Measunng Flask
These are employed for makfng specific volumes ol

shaped vessel with a long narrow neck and•

18 also called graduated flask or volumetrlc ~

2.22}. thin ctrcle etched around the neck mdk:etea 1hr

of the I Id that ft holds at a definite lempe. ature.
The t peraturc and the capacity of the flMl
temperature marked on the Oask. The mark arouat
helps in avoid
adjustment of scus. The lower edge of the
liquid should be tan~tlal to the graduated mark,; WIJM
me••
errors due to parallax when roeJrta,

final adjustment of the nJscus, the front and the

of the circular mark shou observable In slnlleJlne..
n,,. 2.22 : The measurln{J of the flask Is made narrow reduce error 1n ~--■
flnsk meniscus. In narrow spaces change In volume
effect on the height of the meinlscbe
Measurtng flasks of various cat>acl!tles are 8¥1111111111
at this level of experimentation flasks d ~paca, 50
and 250 mL are employed In the work. 11w= rnetb.xlfl;
of solution by using measuring flask has been
Expe11ment 2.1 later fn th.ts unit.

. cquaintance with Analytical Balailce (QI••-•if!ila

The
prtn
co.a-.
 a.-c UIGMTCIIW ,._,1m.
In tbll type mbalance. the beam .. made up ~ a hard but
)Wit Wldlht material. 1be beam pivots at Its centre on a knife-
..,. wtdeh reata upon a plate made of very han:I material such
• .,.te or corundum. The plate ts attached to the central beam
-.q,pc,rt. (central pillar). The two termtnal apte ~ are
1lsecl at equal distance from the central edge and each of these
.,.pports a auapenaton called sUm.tp from whlch the pans are
llUll& ~ p o i n t e r ta attached to the centre of the beam
(FIi. 2. . pointer moves over a scale fixed at the bottom
d the ind eerves to point out the deflection of the beam
fl'om central poaltlon when the balance ts In operation (Fig. 2.24
b). 'fttere are two adjusting screws on both sides of the beam.
wbldtare meant for adjusting the beam In the horizontal position.
1btft are three leveling screws at the base of the balance to make
tt bor1,1ontal. A plumb lfne nangs near the central pillar, which
llelpl tn keeping the balance hortzontal. In ordctlft operate .the
t,a1anoe there Is a knob at the centre of the ~
Mir

.....'
..''.'
....
....
.....
.
"

lal
.... 9M: (a) Polnterattadv!d ID the beam
"'' Mouemfflt~po/nll!r

l1llng FtadlonldV~ arid Rldert

c,heo,nl ~_...- generaDf oontaUW the
 ■ LAIORATORY MANUAL. CHIMIS11tY
Gram w..,iata : Made of copper and ntellit
coating of chromium,
11111t,ram Wet,ht• : Made of Alumlnlwnl
Stainless steel. ·
Rider : A loop made of aluminum or platUIUl!l
10.0 mg.

(b}

(d}

Fig. 2.25 : (a} Weight box (b) Fractional weights (c} Rider and

/ - of a Chemical Balance and Weighing

Material Required
 B.'8lc l.MoMTORY TIICMIQI• ■
(UO Place a watch glaas/wetwitng bottle on the left pan tn which
weighing material ts kept. Put approximate weights from
the weight box with the help of forceps Ql1 the rtght pan.
(M Release the beam arrest slowly and note the movement of
the potnter on the scaJe. If Its weight ts not approprtate. the
pointer wtll move towards the lighter side. Add or remove
weights according to the requirement after bringing the
pans to rest by arrcsung the beam With the help of the
knob located near the base. When weight on both the pans
becomes equal, the pointer moves equal dtvtstons on both
sides of the zero of the base sc.ale.
(v) Use the rtder for adjustment of weight below I 0mg.

Using Rider

Maximum weight that can be weighed wtth the help of rtder ts

10 ~ and the weight of the rtder itself ls 10 mg (i.e. 0.0lg). It
can be easily placed in the grooves of the balance beam (Fig.
2.26). When placed at the terminal position of the beam, which
ts marked 10. ft wt1l weigh 10mg (i.e 0.0lg). Princtpleofmoment
ts applied for weighing by using the rider. Weight ts equal to the
Ffg. 2.28: Rider resting
arm length from the centre of the beam multlplled by the weight
ongroveof
of the rtder. Length of the beam from the centre to one side of balance beam
the beam ts taken as u~t length.
On both sides from the centre, the balance beam ts divided
Into ten equal parts through equidistant marks, each of which
00l'l'eSponds to I / IO of 1 · · ·· of the beam Hence, each big
-x0.0lg
dlvlstonC01TeSponds to 10 = 0.001 gor l_ mgwetght Each
bJg dMston ts further dMded into five parts. Thus, each small
dtvtslori corresponds to only 1/5 mfl¼Vam i.e. 0.2 mg or 0.0002
C. Thus, the rider placed at the 4.2 mark will weigh 0.0044g
(Le. 4 X 0.0() 1 + 2 X 0.()()()2 = 0.0044 g) ~ 2.2.e6!!11).m:=:::::alC.

Pl9caulions
{a) Pans Dll18t be properly cleaned before and afterwetghlng. Chemlcalasbouldnever-
be placed dJrectly on the pans for wetghlng.
Alway& ff.lease the beam ,ently.
Avotd overloadmg the balance.
Alwaya transl~ the welgbtl fromonep!ace
"Do J.MJt dow the~- te _. a,aGat by conOIJCe.