LABORATORY WORK # 3

APPLICATIONS OF SUPERPOSITION THEOREM, THEVENIN AND NORTON

THEOREM, DIODES

Answer the questions below in written form.

1 Explain node-voltage analysis.

2 Explain mesh-current analysis.

 3 How to write mesh-current or node-voltage equations by
inspection?

4 Explain superposition theorem.

The superposition principle states that the voltage across (or current through) anelement in a
linear circuit is the algebraic sum of the voltages across (or currentsthrough) that element due to
each independent source acting alone
5 Explain unit-output method.
The Units of Output method is also known as the productive output, units of production, or units
of activity method. It calculates depreciation based onequipment output during a period of
time, while considering the equipment'sestimated lifetime units of output.
6 Explain Thevenin and Norton theorem.
Thevenin’s theorem states that a linear two -terminal circuit can be replaced by an equivalent
circuit consisting of a voltage source VTh in series with a resistor RTh, where VTh is the
open-circuit voltage at the terminals and RTh is the input or equivalent resistance at the terminals
when the independent sources are turned off.
7 What is a semiconductor diode?
The cathode, which is negatively charged and has an excess of electrons, is placed adjacent to the
anode, which has an inherently positive charge, carrying an excess of holes. At this junction a
depletion region forms, with neither holes nor electrons.
 8 Draw the i-v characteristic of the diode.

9 What is a LED?
A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor light source that emits light when
currentflows through it.

Experiment 2A. (SUPERPOSITION)

Connect the Y-0016/004 module to its place. Before making the circuit connections, give
energy to the set and adjust the power supply voltage to 12V. Cut off the energy of the set. Make
the circuit connection as in Figure 5.5 so that you can see the effect of V1 only on the circuit.
Give energy to the circuit.
1- As the voltage seen in the voltmeter is created by V1, it is the V1A voltage. Read and
note this voltage to the table in Figure 5.8.
2- Make the circuit connection as in Figure 5.6 so that you can see the effect of V2 only on
the circuit.
As the voltage seen in the voltmeter is created by V2, it is the V2A voltage. Read and note this
voltage to the table in Figure 5.8.
3- Connect the circuit as in Figure 5.7 in order to see the effects of both the sources on the
circuit.
The voltage seen on the voltmeter is called the superposition voltage (VP). Read and note this
voltage to the table in Figure 5.8.
4- If we see a mismatch between the value calculated and the value read, what can be the
reason for this?

Case Measured voltage

1 – measure V1A 3.96

2 – measure V2A -3.332

3 – measure VP 0.639