Department of Mechanical Engineering

Refrigeration and air conditioning LAB

Submitted To Engr. Usman Mushtaq

Submitted By Saad Mubeen
Registration No. ME-171066
Semester 7th
 Statement # 01
“Explain the use of reversing valve in heat pump and how it operates when cooling is
required at indoor space?”
 Reversing valve
In the heat pump, the reversing valve controls the direction of the coolant surge. The
refrigerant is a chemical mixture that enables a heat exchange to occur. If the coolant moves
in a different direction, it causes the indoor and outdoor coils to turn, and this affects whether
the heat exits or enters your home.
The reversing valve rests on the coolant line and has two states: energized or comfortable. As
a current is applied to the reversing valve in a relaxing condition, it is energized and the
coolant flow is switched. If the energized state generates heating or cooling is what the
manufacturer sets and does not affect the consumer.
In reality, customers shouldn’t bother themselves with the reversing valve at all if it fails,
only an experienced mechanic will repair it. If your heat pump has lost the ability to do half
of its job, then the issue can include the reversing valve or another malfunctioning component
—and you’ll need an HVAC expert like those at Ierna’s Heating & Cooling to work out
where and make the necessary repairs and changes.
When a heat pump is in heating mode, by transferring outdoor air over the same outdoor coil
that is also in heating mode, the pump converts heat from outdoor air into the building
interior. The outdoor compressor/condenser unit of a heat pump device can remove heat from
outdoor air even at temperatures below zero, depending on its effectiveness.
In an air conditioner-only configuration, the outside coil is used only to cool and condense
high temperature high pressure refrigerant gas down to a liquid refrigerant, and the indoor
coil is used only to extend the liquid refrigerant to a gas (through an expansion mechanism
such as a Thermostatic Expansion Valve (TEV) or a capillary tube (Cap Tube).
Since a heat pump needs to be able to operate in all ways, it must be able to exchange
positions for its indoor and outdoor coil. The heat pump would require two refrigerant
metering and expansion systems, one on each coil, to achieve this. Depending on if the
equipment is running in a heating or cooling mode, only one of the expansion systems is
operating at a specified time.
 Figure 1: Amana reversing valve

 In Cooling Mode
 If we want to transfer heat outside the discharge gas line (the hot refrigerant line) can
pass through the reverse valve port that leads to the outdoor coil.
 The suction gas line (the cool or cold coolant line) is going to come from the indoor
coil when we
Note: The reversing valve can be actuated in two ways to switch between the mode of
heating and cooling:
A room thermostat requires a switch from Hot to Cold, usually using a wire that controls the
reversing valve attached to the 'O' (orange wire) terminal.
In order to provide a defrost cycle for the device, a control circuit board in the heat pump can
operate the reverse valve.

Statement # 02
“Discuss about place the reversing valve in heat pump and how it operates when cooling
is required at indoor space?”
The reversing valve is typically located installed into the compressor/condenser assembly of
the heat pump and soldered to refrigerant pipes or lines such as those seen in this photograph
adapted from a reversing valve of Goodman / Amana.
To find out the four refrigerant attachment ports on the valve, we inserted numbers. To
connect the valve to the control board of the heat pump, you can see the actuator coil
assembly on the right side of the valve along with its connecting wires.
 Figure 2: Heat pump reversing valve

Statement # 03
“Explain about the thermodynamic cycle used for the heat pump?”
A heat pump uses the same technology as a refrigeration system but works at a high
temperature range for the purpose of supplying heat.
 Although the machinery used in a cooling cycle and in a heat, the pump can be
identical; the targets are distinct.
 The heat pump operation is an example of taking heat from outside air, the soil, or
well water at a low temperature and refusing it to heat a house.
 For air-conditioning applications, systems of this kind are available to cool a building
during the summer and heat it during the winter.
 A heat pump's efficiency is represented by the performance component. The
performance metric is in accordance with the tradition of describing the performance
index as the quantity of the desired product divided by the amount of expenditure.
Performance factor = Heat rejected from cycle/work required
 Thermodynamic cycle for heat pump
The Carnot cycle is a fully reversible cycle consisting of two isothermal reversible processes
and two isentropic processes. For particular temperature limits, it has the highest thermal
efficiency, and it acts as a benchmark to which real power cycles can be compared. Since it is
a reversible loop, it is possible to reverse all four processes which compose the Carnot cycle.
The directions of some heat and work connections are often reversed by reversing the cycle.
The consequence is a circuit that runs on a T-s diagram in the counterclockwise direction, and
 is
called
the

reversed Carnot loop. A Carnot refrigerator or

a Carnot heat pump is considered a refrigerator or heat pump that acts on the reversed Carnot
cycle.
The coefficients of performance of Carnot refrigerators and heat pumps are expressed in
terms of temperatures as;
COPR,Carnot = TL/(TH-TL) = 1/((TH/TL) - 1)
COPHP,Carnot = TH/(TH-TL) = 1/(1 - (TL/TH))

The two isothermal heat transfer processes are not difficult to achieve in practice since
maintaining a constant pressure automatically fixes the temperature of a two-phase mixture at
the saturation value. Therefore, processes 1-2 and 3-4 can be approached closely in actual
evaporators and condensers. However, processes 2-3 and 4-1 cannot be approximated closely
in practice. This is because process 2-3 involves the compression of a liquid–vapor mixture,
which requires a compressor that will handle two phases, and process 4-1 involves the
expansion of high-moisture-content refrigerant in a turbine.

Figure 3: Schematic of a Carnot refrigerator and T-s diagram of the reversed Carnot cycle