AFETY CONCERNS: When working or testing any electronic equipment, it’s always important to be cautious. ‘hatever type of equipment we are handling, whether simple or complex, it’s important to take right safety precautions. To avoid personal injury, possible damage to equipment or damage ‘fire, all work on electronic equipment should be conducted following these safety procedures. . GENERAL SAFETY VG Before working on any electronics, consider following these basic safety precautions to help duce any hazards. ‘© Remove any electronic equipment you're testing or working on from the power source © Never assume the power circuit is off, Test and test again with a voltmeter to confirm. © Always ensure that all electronic equipment is properly grounded. © If it’s damaged, replace it. For instance, replace cables instead of repairing with insulting tape. _ 0 Always use the right electronic repair and maintenance tools. ya It’s important to ensure that we are safe when working on electronic circuit, Here is some Personal safety precaution to keep in mind: , PERSONAL SAFETY © Always keep your work area dry. © Always work in a well-ventilated area W. ‘© Don’t work with metallic jewelry on hand like watches, rings and bracelet8. References 1)How to make temperature sensor circuit using thermistor. Retrieved from hittps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lgvCMdSnMw4& feature=youtu.be 2) Youtube, 2 in 1 super simple IR sensor electronics D.1LY projects, 2019. Retrieved from hittps://www,youtube.com/watch?v=4ins7wW9XyQ_ 3) Youtube, How to test NPN & PNP transistor, 2019. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v9m$ Wul Vpyw_ 4) Meijer, Gerard & Wang, Guijie & Fruett, Fabiano. (2001). Temperature Sensors and Voltage References Implemented in CMOS Technology. Sensors Journal, IEEE. 1. 225- 234. 10.1109/JSEN.2001.954835. 4 Mohtadzar, N.A., (2019). Chapter 5-Part 1: Sensor [ PowerPoint Presentation]. Consumer Affairs Directorate,DTI (1999). Burns and scalds: Accident in the home. Retrieved from https: ./wwww.humanics-es.com/bums. pdfProject Report KNR 1073 ELECTRICAL INSTRUMENTATION Project Title: BURN TO LIGHT Group Members: james IZZATIBINTI KIP “ASIA ANAK JAYONG IZIAHWATI BTE MOHD JAYA@MQHD YAHYA. ZULAIKHA BINTI KHALID Matrix No. 69699 69059 69882 698876. PROJECT MANAGEMENT SET THE BUDGET FOR THE PROJECT ° Setting up budget for project is essential to avoid over budget which lead to waste of money. The capital agreed upon by the group members is collected for the purchase of essential items to build this project. © I person= RM 7.13 4 persons = RM 28.50 BIL ITEM QUANTITY | PRICE (RM) | TOTAL (RM) iS Light Emitting Diode ¥ 0.20 0.20 = Battery 3.5 V I 3.90 3.90 as Resistor (1k) I 0:50 050 4. ‘Transistor BCS47 I 0.30 0.30 3 ‘Thermistor (10k) 1 12.00 12.00 é Breadboard 1 3.10 3.10 7 Box 5.00 5.00 7 Buzzer 1 350 3.50 TOTAL 2850 |2. Problem Definition This project was designed to detect excess heat in any appliances that emit heats so that users can ake precautions actions before any injuries happens. Accidents such as severe burns and scald njuries might happen if we intentionally or unintentionally touch items that has a large or a small amount of heat on it such as hot mugs or cup, kettles and etc. Therefore, this project is important to prevent any of this incident to happen in the future. This project contains, a temperature sensor, which is thermistor, to detect even a slight change in temperature. It is important to use thermistor because with it we can detect changes in temperature easily. Developing a continuous temperature sensor in home appliances may help to prevent any direct or indirect injury that may occur at home especially to high heat generating equipment. atus of Art ee 3. ‘urrent ‘Temperature sensor is designed to alert if the temperature arises above the fixed level. The sensors are installed into the devices with the purpose for measuring a setting heat accurately in given set of requirements. The sensor was installed to the electrical appliances. The sensor will enable and allows users to detect any heat beyond a given set of requirements in the area. In other cases, a temperature sensor also used to monitor any decrease in reading of heat temperature. Some temperature sensor also monitors drops in temperature during cold weather. The purpose of temperature sensor in the house is to alert overheat temperature or drop in temperature, Usually, the temperature sensor is installed in iron, oven, microwave and ete. This sensor function when it detects overheating above the setting level. As the sensor detect overheat, the LED light will light up and the buzzer will start to ring.Propose Circuit Figure 6: Schematic Diagram Burn to Light Final look of the project:{Bum to Light} 1.Introduction A sensor is a type of transducer which uses one type of energy, a signal of some sort, and converts it into a reading for the purpose of information transfer. Sensor acquires a physical quantity and converts it into a signal for processing usually electrical signal. A sensor can sense in any form due to some mechanical change, it can react in electrical form. Thus, there is a conversion, similar to that of a transducer. There are many types of sensor such as thermal sensor, optical radiation, mechanical sensor, chemical sensor, electromagnet sensor. Sensor can be classified according to the type of energy that they can detect. Sensitivity of a sensor indicates how much the sensor’s output changes when the measured quantity changes. Sensor that measure very small changes must have very high sensitivity. A good quality of sensor should be sensi to the measured property, insensitive to any other property and does not influence the measured property. Ideal sensors are designed to be linear. The output signal of such a sensor is I : ir is linearl; proportional to the measured property. ve Where known, nearly 50% of the severe bumns/scalds injuries (i.c. 1550 a year or 4a day) to children under 5 years of age happen in the kitchen. The most common items involved in these accidents are cups/mugs of hot drinks, kettles, teapots/coffeepots, saucepans, cookers and chip pans/deep fryers. The main purpose of the project is to develop continuous temperature sensors in its use especially in-home appliances. This project helps to prevent any direct or indirect injury that may occur at home especially to high heat generating equipment. The objectives of this project are to study and design how the temperature sensor working, to apply the use of temperature sensor to reduce injuries at home and to invent circuit that apply tmperature sensor in it. The scope of this project involves all occupants of the home regardless of age or gender, which prevents any incidents that may lead to bumout. The project was developed to detect excess heat in any electrical appliance used or other than electrical appliances that emit heat so that its users can take more precautionary measures to avoid injury. y 2 ys yeIMELINE AND MILESTONES 1onor019 ‘ASK ASSIGNMENT OF EACH MEMBER Bil | Group Member Mlayka Iziahwati Bte Mohd Jaya @ Mohd Yahya "| Intan Zutaikha Binti Khalid Anastasia Anak Jayong ia Task — + Assigned task to group members + Amange meeting to give briefing about the project > Collecting relevant data for the Project + Preparing all the required materials for the project ~ Calculate the budget needed for the” project.5. Tasks and Deliverables The scope of our expected work and tasks to be conducted are consist of several steps. The first step is to find all the elements needed for the project that we will be conducting. Next is to create a very detail circuit diagram of this project to ensure we create a correct product in a correct way to prevent any mistakes for this project. The third step is to start to create the circuit for this project by referring to the diagram that has been drawn. In this step, we need to be extra careful to prevent any of the members from getting injuries. The fourth step is to run a test on this project to make sure it works the way we want it to be and from there we can discuss among the members on what to enhance on the project so that it will work more efficiently. After discussing on what to improve on the project, we shall start to do the enhancement for this project and again run a test to the project to make sure it works accordingly. The last step after running a test to the project, we need to submit the project and do a presentation about the project to shares detailed information to others about the project we propose, a demonstration on, how it works and explanation about the project.4.Engineering Approach The planned circuit of our project is simple. It contains led, battery, thermistor, buzzer, resistor and BC 457. It starts with the thermistor to detect the temperature from any object or surrounding. After the circuit complete, when the thermistor detects the temperature, the led will light up and the buzzer will start to ring. The input of this project is heat or temperature while the output is light. No. | Component Figure Details 1 |Thermistor | @ Specific type of resistor that uses sensors to help regulate a cold and heat. 2 [Led J Use to emit light when the current flow through it 3 | Breadboard - To arrange the ci v4 | Battery Act as power supply 5_ | Resistor Voltage divider 6 | Transistor Amplify or switch electronic signals and electrical power 7 | Buzzer Makes a buzzing or beeping | ve noise7. Conclusion In our life, there is a time when we accidentally touch something with a high temperature that caused us to get injured. Upon thinking about the situation, we need a product or an appliance to detect whether the things has a high temperature or not before we start to touch it. In order to create a product that is sensitive to heat and can detect temperature, we need a jemperature sensor in the project that we want to build. Choosing a good temperature sensor in his project is essential to make sure the project works wonder. In this case, we decided to use hermistor as it is more sensitive compared to other temperature sensor. It works well over a small temperature range and most importantly, we can easily get it with an affordable price. The main objective of this project is mainly to detect heat efficiently. The planned circuit of our sroject is simple. It contains led, battery, thermistor, resistor, buzzer and BC 457. It starts with he thermistor to detect the temperature from any object or surrounding. After the circuit omplete, when the thermistor detects the temperature, the led will light up and the buzzing noise rom the buzzer becoming more intense. The input of this project is heat or temperature while the sutput of the project is light and the buzzing noise from buzzer. Overall for this project, the cost s only RM28.50. For each member, it costs only RM7.13.stor as it is smaller in size 2. The usage of thermistor is more sensitive compare to other temperature sensor. It works well over a small temperature range 3. The cost of temperature sensor is low and cheap to replace 4. Temperature sensor provide as fast respond 5. Easy to use 6. Small in size can fit into smallest of space 7. Standard to wire connection system means there are compatible with many devices Disadvantages # 1. Nonlinearity - The outcome does not change in proportion to change in any of the inputs 2. Least stability - The sensor is least stability where the device is easily broken or not functioning 3. Low voltage - The current flow of a device is low in voltage 4. Least sensitive - The temperature sensor is least sensitive as it depends on the thermistor Main reason why temperature sensor important and solve the problem in future? 5. It is a worthy investment for building, alerting owners to the problem and prevent lost in the event of a fire. 6.Effective solution to help prevents food safety and food waste issues. The temperature sensor helps to protect the product freshness. 7. Selected sensor application in manufacturing. The technological in manufacturing product has increase the complexity of the process required for manufacture. For example, the current revolution in computer integrated manufacturing has been enable by advance sensor technology. 4