PRESIDENTS

of the Philippines
 executive branch of the
government
Article VII, Section 1, of the 1987 Constitution vests executive power
on the President of the Philippines. The President is the Head of
State and Head of Government, and functions as the commander-in-
chief of the Armed Forces of the Philippines. As chief executive, the
President exercises control over all the executive departments,
bureaus, and offices.
 executive branch of the
government
Article VII, Section 1, of the 1987 Constitution vests executive power
on the President of the Philippines. The President is the Head of
State and Head of Government, and functions as the commander-in-
chief of the Armed Forces of the Philippines. As chief executive, the
President exercises control over all the executive departments,
bureaus, and offices.
THE PRESIDENT OF THE
PHILIPPINES
The President of the
Philippines is elected by direct
vote by the people for a term of
six years. He may only serve for
one term, and is ineligible for
reelection. The term of the
President of the Philippines
starts at noon of the 30th day of
June after the election.
 executive branch of the
government
Article VII, Section 1, of the 1987 Constitution vests executive power
on the President of the Philippines. The President is the Head of
State and Head of Government, and functions as the commander-in-
chief of the Armed Forces of the Philippines. As chief executive, the
President exercises control over all the executive departments,
bureaus, and offices.
THE PRESIDENT OF THE QUALIFICATIONS
PHILIPPINES According to the constitution, an
The President of the individual may become President
Philippines is elected by direct provided he meets the following criteria:
vote by the people for a term of 1. natural born Filipino;
six years. He may only serve for
2. a registered voter;
one term, and is ineligible for
reelection. The term of the 3. must be able to read and write;
President of the Philippines 4. 40 years of age at the day of the
starts at noon of the 30th day of election; and
June after the election. 5. must have resided in the Philippines
ten years before the election is held.
 PRESIDENTS

(1) (2) (3)

Emilio Aguinaldo Manuel Quezon Jose Laurel
 PRESIDENTS

(2) (3)
Manuel Quezon Jose Laurel
(1)
Emilio Aguinaldo
 EMILIO
AGUINALDO
JANUARY 23, 1899 –
MARCH 23, 1901
 01 02 03
Brief
Contribution O t h e r Fa c t s
Background

Emilio Aguinaldo
 Brief Background

 Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy was born on March 22, 1869, into

the local elite of Cavite on the Island of Luzon in
the Philippines.
 He studied at Colegio de San Juan de Letran
 He became the “Cabeza de Barangay" in 1895 when the
Maura Law called for the reorganization of local
governments was enacted.
 At the age of 25, Aguinaldo became Cavite el Viejo's
first gobernadorcillo capitan municipal while he was on a
business trip in Mindoro.
 01 02 03
Brief
Contribution O t h e r Fa c t s
Background

Emilio Aguinaldo
 He joined the Pilar Lodge chapter of the
Freemasonry in 1895.

That same year, Aguinaldo joined the secret,

nationalist brotherhood Katipunan founded by
Andres Bonifacio.

Emilio Aguinaldo led a revolutionary movement

against the Spanish colonial government in the
Philippines

Aguinaldo agreed to leave the Philippines and to remain

permanently in exile on condition of a substantial financial
reward from Spain coupled with the promise of liberal
reforms
He made arrangements with the Americans to return to
the Philippines to assist the United States in the war
against Spain.

He also led the Philippine-American War against

U.S. resistance to Philippine independence.

He designed and waved the Philippine flag in

declaring the independence of the Philippines in
1898.

He ordered the composition of the national

anthem
 01
02 03
Brief
Contribution O t h e r Fa c t s
Background

Emilio Aguinaldo
 Emilio Aguinaldo was a considered as Filipino revolutionary, statesman, and
military leader who is officially recognized as the first and the
youngest president of the Philippines (1899–1901) and the first president of
a constitutional republic in Asia.
 He was elected the first president of the new republic under the Malolos
Congress.
 President of the Revolutionary Government.
 Aguinaldo remains a controversial figure in Filipino history.
 On February 6, 1964, he died due to coronary thrombosis.
 A year before his death, he had donated his lot and mansion to the
government.
 In 1964, he published his book, Mga Gunita ng Himagsikan.
 In 1985, Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas issued a new 5-peso bill depicting a
portrait of Aguinaldo on the obverse side.
 Printing was discontinued in 1996, when it was replaced with a ₱5.00 coin a
year earlier
 PRESIDENTS

(2) (3)
Manuel Quezon Jose Laurel
(1)
Emilio Aguinaldo
 PRESIDENTS

(1) (3)
Emilio Aguinaldo Jose Laurel
(2)
Manuel Quezon
 MANUEL L.
QUEZON
NOVEMBER 15, 1935 –
AUGUST 1, 1944
 01 02 03
Brief
Contribution O t h e r Fa c t s
Background

Manuel L. Quezon
 Brief Background
 Manuel Luis Quezon was born on August 19, 1878 in Baler,
Tayabas.
 He received most of his primary education from the public
school established by the Spanish government in his village.
 He later boarded at the Colegio de San Juan de Letran where he
completed secondary school.
 He studied law at the University of Sto. Tomas and passed the
bar examinations in 1903.
 In 1899, Quezon left his law studies at the University of Santo
Tomas to join the independence movement.
 He became a municipal councilor of Lucena and was elected
governor of Tayabas in 1906 after a hard-fought election
 01 02 03
Brief
Contribution O t h e r Fa c t s
Background

Manuel L. Quezon
His most significant achievement was the passage
of the Jones Act.

Quezon fought for passage of the Tydings–

McDuffie Act (1934).

He initiated a reorganization of the government

bodies.

He started a vigorous program of social justice.

First Term
 President Quezon implemented the Rice Share
Tenancy Act of 1933.

He also created the National Council of Education

together with Rafael Palma.

He officially declared Tagalog as the basis of the

national language of the Philippines.

President Quezon initiated women's suffrage in

the Philippines during the Commonwealth Era.
 He formed a government in exile, served as a
member of the Pacific War Council, signed the
declaration of the United Nations against the
fascist nations.

Upon the creation of the Commonwealth, the

economic condition of the nation was stable and
promising.

Second Term
 01
02 03
Brief
Contribution O t h e r Fa c t s
Background

Manuel L. Quezon
 Quezon was married to Aurora Aragon and had four
children.
 The late president Manuel L. Quezon is also known as
the father of the Philippine national language.
 He is also memorialized on Philippine currency.
 The "Open Doors" is a Holocaust memorial in Rishon
LeZion, Israel and erected in honor and thanks to
President Manuel Quezon and the Filipinos.
 The Presidential Papers of Manuel L. Quezon was
officially inscribed in the UNESCO Memory of the
World Register in 2011.
 Quezon suffered from tuberculosis and died on
August 1, 1944.
 Quezon's remains were moved to Quezon City within
a miniature copy of Napoleon's tomb at the Quezon
Memorial Shrine on 1 August 1979.
 PRESIDENTS

(1) (3)
Emilio Aguinaldo Jose Laurel
(2)
Manuel Quezon
 PRESIDENTS

(1) (2)
Emilio Aguinaldo Manuel Quezon Sergio
(3)
Jose Laurel
J O S E P. L A U R E L
OCTOBER 14, 1943 –
AUGUST 17, 1945
 01 02 03
Brief
Contribution O t h e r Fa c t s
Background

Jose P. Laurel
 Brief Background

 José Paciano Laurel y García was born on March 9, 1891 in the town
of Tanauan, Batangas.
 Laurel received his law degree from the University of the Philippines
College of Law in 1915.
 He then obtained a Master of Laws degree from University of Santo
Tomas in 1919.
 Laurel then attended Yale Law School, where he obtained his J.S.D. degree.
 Laurel began his life in public service while a student, as a messenger in the
Bureau of Forestry then as a clerk in the Code Committee tasked with
the codification of Philippine laws.
 01 02 03
Brief
Contribution O t h e r Fa c t s
Background

Jose P. Laurel
Angara v. Electoral Commission, which is considered as
the Philippine equivalent of Marbury v. Madison, is
Laurel's most important contribution to jurisprudence
and even the rule of law in the Philippines

The government exerted every effort to increase

production and bring consumers' goods under
control.

Laurel also resisted Japanese demands that the

Philippines issue a formal declaration of war
against the United States

He appointed his Foreign Minister to sign the

Philippine-Japanese Treaty Alliance
 The Preparatory Commission presented its draft
Constitution on September 4, 1943, and three days
later, the KALIBAPI general assembly ratified the
draft Constitution.
 01
02 03
Brief
Contribution O t h e r Fa c t s
Background

Jose P. Laurel
 Laurel is a Filipino lawyer, politician, and jurist, who served
as president of the Philippines (1943–1945) during the Japanese
occupation during World War II.
 Laurel declared the country under martial law in 1944 through
Proclamation No. 29, dated September 21.
 Due to the nature of Laurel's government and its connection to Japan,
much of the population actively resisted his presidency.
 On June 5, 1943, there was an assassination attempt on him.
 Gen. Douglas MacArthur ordered Laurel arrested for collaborating with
the Japanese.
 Laurel considered his election to the Senate as a vindication of his
reputation.
 On November 6, 1959, Laurel died at the Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital
in Santa Mesa, Manila, from a massive heart attack and a stroke.
 PRESIDENTS

(1) (2)
Emilio Aguinaldo Manuel Quezon Sergio
(3)
Jose Laurel
 PRESIDENTS

(2) (3)
naldo Manuel Quezon Jose Laurel (4)
Sergio Osmeña
S E R G I O O S M E ÑA
SR.
AUGUST 1, 1944 –
MAY 28, 1946
 01 02 03
Brief
Contribution O t h e r Fa c t s
Background

S e r g i o O s m e ña Sr.
 Brief Background
 Sergio Osmeña was born on 9 September 1878 in the then-
municipality of Cebu to a wealthy businessman Don Pedro Lee Gotiaoco
and to Juana Osmeña y Suico, who was reportedly only 14 years of age at
the time.
 Osmeña received his elementary education at the Colegio de San
Carlos and graduated in 1892.
 Osmeña continued his education in Manila, studying in San Juan de Letran
College.
 He took up law at the University of Santo Tomas and was second place in
the bar examination in 1903.
 He served on the war staff of General Emilio Aguinaldo as a courier and
journalist.
 In 1900, he founded the Cebu newspaper, which lasted for three years.
 01 02 03
Brief
Contribution O t h e r Fa c t s
Background

S e r g i o O s m e ña Sr.
Osmeña restored the Commonwealth government
and the various executive departments.

He continued the fight for Philippine

independence.

In 1933 he went to Washington, D.C., to secure

passage of the Hare–Hawes–Cutting independence
bill.

President Osmeña and Resident Commissioner

Romulo had urged the passage of Bell Trade Act
Bill.
 01
02 03
Brief
Contribution O t h e r Fa c t s
Background

S e r g i o O s m e ña Sr.
 He is a Filipino statesman, founder of the Nationalist Party
(Partido Nacionalista) and president of the Philippines
from 1944 to 1946.
 He was Vice President under Manuel L. Quezon.
 Osmeña was friends and classmates with Manuel Quezon,
who was the Majority Floor Leader under Osmeña's
speakership. When the Jones Law was passed, Quezon was
elected as Senate President and Osmeña remained
Speaker.
 He led the country in its initial stage of political
maturation by his honest and selfless devotion to public
service.
 After his electoral defeat, Osmeña retired to his home in
Cebu.
 He died of pulmonary edema at age 83 on 19 October
1961 at the Veterans Memorial Medical Center in Quezon
City.
 He was buried at Manila North Cemetery, Manila on 26
October 1961.
 PRESIDENTS

(2) (3)
naldo Manuel Quezon Jose Laurel (4)
Sergio Osmeña
 PRESIDENTS

(3) (4)
on Jose Laurel Sergio Osmeña (5)
Manuel Roxas
MANUEL ROXAS
MAY 28, 1946 –
APRIL 15, 1948
 01 02 03
Brief
Contribution O t h e r Fa c t s
Background

Manuel A. Roxas
 Brief Background
 Manuel Acuña Roxas was born on January 1, 1892 in Capiz.
 Roxas received his early education in the public schools of Capiz,
and at age twelve he attended St. Joseph's College in Hong Kong, but
due to homesickness, he went back to Capiz.
 He eventually transferred to Manila High School graduating with
honors in 1909.
 Then, he began his law studies at a private law school established
by George A. Malcolm.
 On his second year, he enrolled at University of the Philippines,
where he was elected president of both his class and the student
council.
 Roxas obtained his law degree, graduated class valedictorian, and
subsequently topped the bar examinations with a grade of 92% on
the same year.
 01 02 03
Brief
Contribution O t h e r Fa c t s
Background

Manuel A. Roxas
 During his term, he displayed profound
statesmanship and intelligence, making his mark
as a master of economics.

He was among the “seven wise men” who drew up

the Constitutional Convention and accordingly
became the last of the Commonwealth presidents.

In 1946, shortly after his induction to presidency,

Manuel Roxas proclaimed the Rice Share Tenancy
Act of 1933 effective throughout the country.

His administration demonstrated clearly that

political sovereignty without economic
independence generates reaction, reinforces social
inequalities, and encourages exploitation.
 01
02 03
Brief
Contribution O t h e r Fa c t s
Background

Manuel A. Roxas
 He was the fifth President of the Philippines who
served from 1946 until his death in 1948.
 He became the first President of the independent Third
Philippine Republic after the United States ceded its
sovereignty over the Philippines.
 President Roxas, on January 28, 1948, granted full
amnesty to all so-called Philippine collaborators, many
of whom were on trial or awaiting to be tried,
particularly former President José P. Laurel.
 The good record of the Roxas administration was
marred by notable failures
 His administration was plagued by corruption.
 Roxas did not finish his full four-year term. He died due
to heart attack, specifically, myocardial infarction, on
the night of April 15, 1948
 PRESIDENTS

(3) (4)
on Jose Laurel Sergio Osmeña (5)
Manuel Roxas
 PRESIDENTS

(5) (7)
eña Manuel Roxas (6) Ramon
Elpidio Quirino Magsaysay
ELPIDIO QUIRINO
APRIL 17, 1948 –
DECEMBER 30, 1953
 01 02 03
Brief
Contribution O t h e r Fa c t s
Background

Elpidio Quirino
 Brief Background
 Elpidio Rivera Quirino was born on November 16, 1890 in Vigan, Ilocos
Sur.
 Quirino spent his early years in Aringay, La Union. He studied and
graduated from his elementary education to his native Caoayan, where
he became a barrio teacher.
 He received secondary education at Vigan High School, then went to
Manila where he worked as junior computer technician at the Bureau
of Lands and as property clerk in the Manila police department.
 He graduated from Manila High School in 1911 and also passed the civil
service examination, first-grade.
 Quirino attended the University of the Philippines in Manila. In 1915,
he earned his law degree from the university's College of Law, and was
admitted to the bar later that year.
 During his early years as an adult he was inducted into the Pan Xenia
Fraternity, a professional trade fraternity in the University of the
Philippines, in the year 1950.
 01 02 03
Brief
Contribution O t h e r Fa c t s
Background

Elpidio Quirino
 In 1934, he became a member of the Philippine
independence commission that was sent to Washington,
D.C., which secured the passage of Tydings–McDuffie Act
to American Congress.

In 1935, he was also elected to the convention that

drafted the 1935 constitution for the newly
established Commonwealth.

Quirino launched an economic mobilization

program to industrialize the country and give
more jobs to the Filipinos.

He signed the Quirino-Foster Agreement in which,

under this agreement, the US and the Philippines
would cooperate to develop the economy of the
nation.
 He supported the establishments of several industrial
plants and projects at strategic point all over the
country.

He supported the establishments of several industrial

plants and projects at strategic point all over the
country. Thereby, mobilizing its economic resources and
ushering in an era of industrialization.

Amnesty for the Huks (HUKBALAHAP) – he

negotiatied with Luis Taruc in Malacaňang.

He established the Presidential Action Committee

on Social Amelioration (PACSA)
 01
02 03
Brief
Contribution O t h e r Fa c t s
Background

Elpidio Quirino
 He was a Filipino lawyer and politician who served as the sixth President of the
Philippines from 1948 to 1953.
 His goal is strengthening the people’s confidence in the government and the restoration of
peace.
 The Quirino administration was generally challenged by the Hukbalahaps, who ransacked
towns and barrios.
 Quirino's five years as president were marked by notable postwar reconstruction, general
economic gains and increased economic aid from the United States.
 Basic social problems, however, particularly in the rural areas, remained unsolved; Quirino’s
administration was tainted by widespread graft and corruption.
 The 1949 elections, which he had won, were among the most dishonest in
the country’s history.
 Quirino retired from politics to private life in 1953. He offered his dedication to serve
the Filipino people, becoming the "Father of Foreign Service" in the Republic of the
Philippines.
 Quirino died of a heart attack during the leap year day of February 29, 1956 at his
retirement house in Novaliches, Quezon City.
 On February 29, 2016, his remains were relocated and reinterred at a special tomb site in
the Libingan ng mga Bayani in Taguig, in time for the 60th anniversary of his death.
 PRESIDENTS

(5) (7)
eña Manuel Roxas (6) Ramon
Elpidio Quirino Magsaysay
 PRESIDENTS

(6) (7)
(8)
oxas Elpidio Quirino Ramon
Carlos Garcia
Magsaysay
RAMON MAGSAYSAY
DECEMBER 30, 1953 –
MARCH 17, 1957
 01 02 03
Brief
Contribution O t h e r Fa c t s
Background

Ramon Magsaysay
 Brief Background

 Ramon del Fierro Magsaysay Sr. was born in Iba, Zambales on August
31, 1907.
 He spent his grade school life somewhere in Castillejos and his high
school life at Zambales Academy in San Narciso, Zambales.
 After college, Magsaysay entered the University of the Philippines in
1927, where he enrolled in a pre-medical course.
 He first worked as a chauffeur to support himself as he studied
engineering; and later, he transferred to the Institute of Commerce at
José Rizal College (now José Rizal University) from 1928 to 1932,
where he received a baccalaureate in commerce.
 He then worked as an automobile mechanic for the Florida bus
company and shop superintendent.
 01 02 03
Brief
Contribution O t h e r Fa c t s
Background

Ramon Magsaysay
President Magsaysay enacted the following laws as part of his
Agrarian Reform Program: Republic Act No. 1160 of 1954 –
Abolished the LASEDECO and established the National
Resettlement and Rehabilitation Administration (NARRA) to
resettle dissidents and landless farmers.

He was credited with restoring peace, law, and order

during the Philippine crisis of the 1950s and the
Hukbalahap rebellion, he was the first Philippine
president from the landless lower middle class, the petit
bourgeois stratum of society.

He made the Philippines a member of the Southeast Asia

Treaty Organization (SEATO), which was established in
Manila on September 8, 1954, during the "Manila
Conference".

Trade and industry flourished, the Philippine military

was at its prime, and the country gained international
recognition in sports, culture, and foreign affairs.
 01
02 03
Brief
Contribution O t h e r Fa c t s
Background

Ramon Magsaysay
 Magsaysay was a Filipino statesman who served as the
seventh president of the Philippines.
 Magsaysay was appointed military governor of Zambales
after his outstanding service as a guerrilla leader during
the Pacific War.
 He also introduced popular election jingles during his
run for office, and was the first president to wear a
Barong Tagalog while taking his oath.
 Magsaysay’s administration was considered one of the
cleanest and most corruption-free in modern Philippine
history; the period of his presidency is often cited as the
Philippines’s “Golden Years.”
 Magsaysay's term, which was to end on December 30,
1957, was cut short by a plane crash.
 PRESIDENTS

(6) (7)
(8)
oxas Elpidio Quirino Ramon
Carlos Garcia
Magsaysay
 PRESIDENTS

(7)
(6)
Ramon (8)
oxas Elpidio Quirino
Magsaysay Carlos Garcia
CARLOS P. GARCIA
MARCH 18, 1957 –
DECEMBER 30, 1961
 01 02 03
Brief
Contribution O t h e r Fa c t s
Background

Carlos P. Garcia
 Brief Background
 Garcia was born in Talibon, Bohol, Philippines on November 4, 1896, to
Policronio Garcia and Ambrosia Polistico, who were both natives
of Bangued, Abra.
 He acquired his primary education in his native town Talibon, then took
his secondary education in Cebu Provincial High School, now Abellana
National School, both at the top of his class.
 Initially, he pursued his college education at Silliman
University in Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental, and later studied at
the Philippine Law School, then the College of Law of National
University, where he earned his law degree in 1923 and later, where he
was awarded the honorary degree Doctor of Humanities, Honoris
Causa from the National University in 1961
 He also received an honorary doctorate degree from Tokyo University in
Japan. He was among the top ten law students in the 1923 bar
examination.
 Rather than practice law right away, he worked as a teacher for two
years at Bohol Provincial High School.
 01 02 03
Brief
Contribution O t h e r Fa c t s
Background

Carlos P. Garcia
Garcia exercised the Filipino First Policy, for which
he was known.

He was also responsible for changes in retail trade

which greatly affected the Chinese businessmen in
the country.

He established some programs under his administration

such as the Austerity Program, Filipino Retailers Fund
Act (1955) and the National Marketing Corporation Act
(NAMARCO).

President Garcia implemented the policy of

respectable independence in four areas
 01
02 03
Brief
Contribution O t h e r Fa c t s
Background

Carlos P. Garcia
 Carlos Polistico Garcia was a Filipino teacher, poet, orator, lawyer, public official, political
economist, guerrilla and Commonwealth military leader who was the eighth President of the
Philippines.
 For 13 years, Garcia served in the Senate of the Philippines.
 He also served in the Cabinet beginning in 1953 as vice president and secretary of foreign
affairs.
 When he was in the senate, he was chairman and member of numerous key committees,
among them government reorganization, foreign affairs, public works, army and navy, and
justice.
 When President Magsaysay was killed in an airplane accident, Garcia became his successor,
having been elected vice president in November 1953.
 After his failed re-election bid, Garcia retired to Tagbilaran to resume life as a private citizen.
 On June 1, 1971, Garcia was elected delegate of the 1971 Constitutional Convention, where
delegates elected him as President of the convention. However, on June 14, 1971, Garcia died
from a heart attack at his Manila residence along Bohol Avenue (now Sergeant Esguerra
Avenue), Quezon City.
 Garcia was the first layman to lie in state in Manila Cathedral—a privilege once reserved for
the Archbishops of Manila—and the first President to be buried at the Libingan ng mga
Bayani.
 PRESIDENTS

(7)
(6)
Ramon (8)
oxas Elpidio Quirino
Magsaysay Carlos Garcia
 PRESIDENTS

(10)
(8) (9) Ferdinand
Carlos Garcia Diosdado Marcos
Macapagal
 DIOSDADO P.
MACAPAGAL
DECEMBER 30, 1961 –
DECEMBER 30, 1965
 01 02 03
Brief
Contribution O t h e r Fa c t s
Background

Diosdado P. Macapagal
 Brief Background

 Diosdado Pangan Macapagal Sr. was born on September 28, 1910,

in Lubao, Pampanga, the third of five children in a poor family.
 Macapagal excelled in his studies at local public schools,
graduating valedictorian from Lubao Elementary School,
and salutatorian at Pampanga High School. He finished his pre-law
course at the University of the Philippines, then enrolled
at Philippine Law School in 1932, studying on a scholarship and
supporting himself with a part-time job as an accountant. However,
he was forced to quit schooling after two years due to poor health
and a lack of money.
 Macapagal raised enough money to continue his studies at
the University of Santo Tomas.
 After receiving his Bachelor of Laws degree in 1936, he was admitted
to the bar, topping the 1936 bar examination with a score of 89.95%.
 01 02 03
Brief
Contribution O t h e r Fa c t s
Background

Diosdado P. Macapagal
He introduced the country's first land reform law, placed
the peso on the free currency exchange market, and
liberalized foreign exchange and import controls.

He introduced such laws and programs like: Rural

Health Law, Minimum Wage Law, Agricultural Land
Reform Code, Nationalization of Retail and Land Reform
Bill as well as signed the US-RP mutual defense treaty.

Macapagal Sr. was also known for spreading the

National Language and the formation of
MAPHILINDO.

Macapagal appealed to nationalist sentiments by

shifting the commemoration of Philippine
independence day.
 01
02 03
Brief
Contribution O t h e r Fa c t s
Background

Diosdado P. Macapagal
 Macapagal Sr. was the ninth President of the Philippines, and the sixth Vice-President,
serving from 1957 to 1961. He also served as a member of the House of
Representatives, and headed the Constitutional Convention of 1970.
 He was the father of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, who followed his path as President of
the Philippines.
 Macapagal worked to suppress graft and corruption and to stimulate the Philippine
economy.
 He introduced the country's first land reform law, placed the peso on the free currency
exchange market, and liberalized foreign exchange and import controls.
 In 1979, he formed the National Union for Liberation as a political party to oppose the
Marcos regime.
 He published his presidential memoir, authored several books about government and
economics, and wrote a weekly column for the Manila Bulletin newspaper.
 Diosdado Macapagal died of heart failure, pneumonia and renal complications at
the Makati Medical Center on April 21, 1997. He is buried at the Libingan ng mga
Bayani.
 PRESIDENTS

(10)
(8) (9) Ferdinand
Carlos Garcia Diosdado Marcos
Macapagal
 PRESIDENTS

(8) (9) (
Carlos Garcia Diosdado Corazo
(10)
Macapagal
Ferdinand
 FERDINAND E.
MARCOS
DECEMBER 30, 1965 –
FEBRUARY 25, 1986
 01 02 03
Brief
Contribution O t h e r Fa c t s
Background

Ferdinand E. Marcos
 Brief Background
 Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralin Marcos Sr. was born on September 11, 1917,
in the town of Sarrat, Ilocos Norte.
 Marcos studied law at the University of the Philippines in Manila, attending
the College of Law. He excelled in both curricular and extra-curricular
activities, becoming a member of the university's swimming, boxing, and
wrestling teams.
 While attending the UP College of Law, he became a member of the Upsilon
Sigma Phi, where he met his future colleagues in government and some of
his staunchest critics.
 He was also an accomplished orator, debater, and writer for the student
newspaper.
 When he sat for the 1939 Bar Examinations, he was a bar topnotcher (top
scorer) with a score of 92.35%.
 Ferdinand Marcos received his Doctor of Laws (LL.D.) degree in 1967
from Central Philippine University.
 01 02 03
Brief
Contribution O t h e r Fa c t s
Background

Ferdinand E. Marcos
 Development of infrastructure in the country.

Successful drive against smuggling.

Greater production of rice by promoting the cultivation

of IR-8 hybrid rice. In 1968, the Philippines became
sufficient in rice, the first time in history since the
American period.

Land reform was given an impetus during his first term.

3,739 hectares of lands in Central Luzon were
distributed to the farmers.
 In the field of foreign relations, the Philippines hosted
summit of seven heads of state to discuss the worsening
problem in Vietnam and the containment of
communism in the region.

Government finances stabilized by higher revenue

collections and loans from treasury of bonds, foreign
lending institutions, and foreign governments.

Peace and order substantially improved in most

provinces. However, situations in Manila and some
provinces continued to deteriorate until the imposition
of Martial Law in 1972.
 01
02 03
Brief
Contribution O t h e r Fa c t s
Background

Ferdinand E. Marcos
 Marcos was a Filipino politician and lawyer who was 10th president of the Philippines from,
widely considered by academics, economists, and journalists as a kleptocrat.
 During his term, the overspending in the 1969 elections led to the higher inflation and the
devaluation of the Philippine peso.
 The last years of the 1960s and the first two years of the 1970s witnessed the radicalization of
student population.
 Marcos initially had laudable intentions. However, he became corrupted by power, and
measures set in place to curb student protest and the challenge from communism became
permanet.
 He ruled as a dictator under martial law from 1972 until 1981 and kept most of his martial
law powers until he was deposed in 1986.
 Marcos died at St. Francis Medical Center in Honolulu on September 28, 1989, due to kidney,
heart, and lung ailments, 17 days after his 72nd birthday.
 The Aquino government refused to allow Marcos's body to be brought back to the Philippines.
The body was only brought back to the Philippines four years after Marcos's death during the
term of President Fidel Ramos.
 On November 18, 2016, the remains of Marcos were buried at the Libingan ng mga
Bayani despite opposition from various groups.
 PRESIDENTS

(8) (9) (
Carlos Garcia Diosdado (10) Corazo
Macapagal Ferdinand
Marcos
 PRESIDENTS

(9) (10)
cia Diosdado Ferdinand (11)
Macapagal Marcos Corazon Aquino
CORAZON S. AQUINO
FEBRUARY 25, 1986 –
JUNE 30, 1992
 01 02 03
Brief
Contribution O t h e r Fa c t s
Background

Corazon Aquino
 Brief Background

 Maria Corazon "Cory" Sumulong Cojuangco Aquino was born on 25 January

1933 in Paniqui, Tarlac.
 Aquino spent her elementary school days at St. Scholastica's College in
Manila, where she graduated at the top of her class as valedictorian. She
transferred to Assumption Convent to pursue high school studies
 After graduating from high school, she pursued her college education at
the College of Mount Saint Vincent in New York, graduating in 1953 with a
major in French and minor in mathematics.
 After graduating from college, she returned to the Philippines and studied
law at Far Eastern University in 1953.
 Throughout her life, Aquino was known to be a devout Roman Catholic.
 Corazon Aquino was fluent in French, Japanese, Spanish, and English aside
from her native Tagalog and Kapampangan.
 01 02 03
Brief
Contribution O t h e r Fa c t s
Background

Corazon Aquino
 She was the most prominent figure of the 1986 People
Power Revolution, which ended the two-decade rule of
President Ferdinand Marcos and led to the
establishment of the current democratic Fifth Philippine
Republic.

Aquino restored democracy by abolishing the

legislature, declaring a revolutionary government, and
appointing a fifty-member commission to write a new
constitution, approved in 1987.

She also established Focal Points for Women,

promoted data disaggregation by sex, built
trainer's pool, and developed a critical mass of
gender advocates

Corazon Aquino's decision to deactivate the Bataan

Nuclear Power Plant (BNPP).
 Her economic policies focused on forging good
economic standing amongst the international
community as well as disestablishing Marcos-era crony
capitalist monopolies, emphasizing the free market and
responsible economy.

Her administration conducted peace talks to resolve

the Moro conflict, and the result of these talks was
creation of the Autonomous Region in Muslim
Mindanao.
 01
02 03
Brief
Contribution O t h e r Fa c t s
Background

Corazon Aquino
 Corazon Aquino was a Filipina politician who served as the 11th president of the
Philippines from 1986 to 1992. She was the most prominent figure of the 1986 People Power
Revolution, which ended the two-decade rule of President Ferdinand Marcos and led to the
establishment of the current democratic Fifth Philippine Republic.
 Aquino was also criticized for the Mendiola Massacre, which resulted in the shooting deaths
of at least 12 peaceful protesters by Philippine state security forces.
 The Philippines faced various natural calamities in the latter part of Aquino's administration,
such as the 1990 Luzon earthquake and Tropical Storm Thelma. Several coup attempts were
made against her government.
 In general, her economic policies were criticized for being mixed or faltering in the face
of mass poverty.
 Aquino was diagnosed with colorectal cancer in 2008.
 Aquino died in the Makati Medical Center, on 1 August 2009 due to cardiorespiratory
arrest at the age of 76.
 After her passing, monuments were established and public landmarks were named in honor
of Corazon Aquino all around the Philippines.
 She is continually highly regarded by her native country, where she is called the Mother of
Democracy.
 PRESIDENTS

(9) (10)
cia Diosdado Ferdinand (11)
Macapagal Marcos Corazon Aquino
 PRESIDENTS

(11) (13)
Corazon Aquino (12) Joseph Estrada
Fidel Ramos
FIDEL V. RAMOS
JUNE 30, 1992 –
JUNE 30, 1998
 01 02 03
Brief
Contribution O t h e r Fa c t s
Background

Fidel V. Ramos
 Brief Background
 Fidel Valdez Ramos (born as Fidel Ramos y Valdez) was born on March 18,
1928, in Lingayen, Pangasinan and he was raised later in Asingan, Pangasinan.
 He received elementary education in a Lingayen public school. Ramos began
secondary education at the University of the Philippines High School in
the City of Manila, and continued in the High School Department of Mapúa
Institute of Technology. He graduated high school from Centro Escolar
University Integrated School in 1945.
 He later on obtained his degree in Civil Engineering at National
University in Manila. He was Top 8 in the Civil Engineering Board Exam in
1953.
 Afterwards he went to the United States as he received an appointment to
the United States Military Academy, where he graduated with a Bachelor of
Science in Military Engineering degree. He also earned his master's degree in
civil engineering at the University of Illinois.
 He also holds a master's degree in National Security Administration from
the National Defense College of the Philippines and a master's degree in
Business Administration from Ateneo de Manila University. In addition, he
received a total of 29 honorary doctorate degrees.
 01 02 03
Brief
Contribution O t h e r Fa c t s
Background

Fidel V. Ramos
Ramos issued licenses to independent power producers
(IPP) to construct power plants within 24 months.

During his administration, Ramos began implementing

economic reforms intended to open up the once-closed
national economy, encourage private enterprise, invite
more foreign and domestic investment, and reduce
corruption.

In 1996 Ramos signed a bill that returned capital punishment

with the electric chair. However, no one was electrocuted or
gassed, because the previously used chair was destroyed
earlier and the Philippines adopted the method of lethal
injection.

Ramos, a military general himself, made peace with the

rebel panels by signing the final peace agreement
between the government and the Moro National
Liberation Front (MNLF) led by Nur Misuari in 1996.
 He also signed into law the Republic Act 7636, which
repealed the Anti-Subversion Law. With its repeal,
membership in the once-outlawed Communist Party of
the Philippines became legal.

Laurel continued his efforts to deregulate major

industries that were dominated by a handful of large
companies and to improve the government’s inefficient
tax-collection system.

During his final years in office, Ramos tried to amend

the country's 1987 constitution; a process popularly
known to many Filipinos as Charter Change or the so-
called “Cha-Cha”.

In January 2001, Ramos was instrumental in the success

of the so-called Second EDSA Revolution that
deposed Philippine president Joseph Estrada and
installed then-Vice President Gloria Macapagal
Arroyo as president.
 01
02 03
Brief
Contribution O t h e r Fa c t s
Background

Fidel V. Ramos
 Ramos who is popularly known as FVR and Eddie, is a retired Filipino general and politician who
served as the 12th president of the Philippines.
 He is the only career military officer who reached the rank of five-star general/admiral de
jure who rose from second lieutenant up to commander-in-chief of the armed forces.
 During his six years in office, Ramos was widely credited and admired by many for revitalizing and
renewing international confidence in the Philippine economy.
 At age 93, he is currently the oldest living former Philippine president.
 During the 1986 EDSA People Power Revolution, Ramos was hailed as a hero by many Filipinos for
his decision to break away from the administration of President Marcos and pledge allegiance and
loyalty to the newly established government of President Corazon Aquino.
 Ramos was constitutionally restricted to one term as president, which ended in June 1998.
 Rodrigo Duterte revealed in June 2016 that Ramos was the one who pushed him to run for office
so that 'Mindanao will finally have a Filipino president'.
 On 23 July 2016, Ramos was appointed by President Rodrigo Duterte as the Philippine Envoy to
China to strengthen bilateral ties again after a much-heated diplomatic war over the South China
Sea.
 On 1 November 2016, however, Ramos, stating that he miscalculated the possibilities and effects
of a Duterte presidency, sent his resignation due to Duterte's drug war which has killed at least
8,000 Filipino drug suspects at the time. President Duterte accepted his resignation from the post
on the same day.
 PRESIDENTS

(11) (13)
Corazon Aquino (12) Joseph Estrada
Fidel Ramos
 PRESIDENTS

(11) (12) (
Corazon Aquino Fidel Ramos (13) Gloria M
Joseph Estrada Ar
JOSEPH EJERCITO
ESTRADA
JUNE 30, 1998 –
JANUARY 20, 2001
 01 02 03
Brief
Contribution O t h e r Fa c t s
Background

Joseph Estrada
 Brief Background
 Joseph Ejercito Estrada (born as Jose Marcelo Ejercito) was born on April 19,
1937 in Tondo, an urban district of Manila. His family later moved to the wealthy
suburb of San Juan. He belonged to a wealthy family, and was the eighth of ten
children of Emilio Ejercito Sr.
 After graduating from the Ateneo elementary school in 1951, he was expelled
during his second year of secondary studies at the Ateneo High School for
disciplinary conduct.
 Later during college he enrolled in a Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering
course at the Mapúa Institute of Technology in an effort to please his father.
 He would leave once again and later transferred to Central Colleges of the
Philippines College of Engineering but dropped out.
 In his twenties, he began a career as a drama actor, usually playing the role of the
villain/antagonist.
 He adopted the stage name "Joseph Estrada", as his mother objected to his
chosen career and his decision to quit schooling multiple times.
 He also acquired the nickname "Erap" (a play on the Tagalog slang "pare",
meaning 'buddy') from his friend, fellow actor Fernando Poe Jr.
 01 02 03
Brief
Contribution O t h e r Fa c t s
Background

Joseph Estrada
 During his term, he contributed lands to the landless
farmers and increased the CARP coverage for the
landless farmers. Estrada promotes primary health
centres which are well-quipped and provide free
services.

He vowed to give his unwavering support for major

education project that seeks to elevate the country's
public education system into a more competitive world-
class standard. TEEP is a multi-project program for the
country's 22 poorest provinces.

Estrada increased budget for basic education and planned

to achieve universal Primary education by 2015. He spent
more amount for early childhood education and pre-school
education. He built economic reforms to support the
finance department of Philippines.

During Estrada's administration,he was able to secure

many jobs for many Filipinos who were jobless at the
moment under the new governments drive to find jobs
for the job seekers. Many were able to secure jobs in
their country as well as abroad.
 The Philippine clean air act of 1999 and the
Electronic Commerce act of 2000 were the two
major legislation that turned into signed through
the president Joseph Estrada.
 01
02 03
Brief
Contribution O t h e r Fa c t s
Background

Joseph Estrada
 Estrada also known by the nickname Erap, is a Filipino politician and former actor who
served as the 13th president of the Philippines.
 In 2001, he became the first chief executive in Asia to be formally impeached and resigned
from power. He is widely considered to be a kleptocrat.
 Allegations of corruption spawned an impeachment trial in the Senate, and in 2001 Estrada
was ousted by "People Power 2" after the prosecution walked out of the impeachment court
when the senator-judges voted "no" in the opening of the second envelope.
 Estrada gained popularity as a film actor, playing the lead role in over a hundred films in an
acting career spanning some three decades.
 In 2007, Estrada was sentenced by a special division of the Sandiganbayan to reclusión
perpetua for the plunder of $80 million from the government, but was later
granted pardon by President and his former deputy Gloria Macapagal Arroyo.
 He later served as Mayor of Manila for two terms, from 2013 to 2019.
 On March 28, 2021, Estrada was hospitalized and it was announced the next day that he
tested positive for COVID-19. He was put to ventilator on April 6 as his pneumonia worsened.
On April 13, it was announced that he had tested negative from COVID-19, thus recovering
from the disease.
 PRESIDENTS

(11) (12) (
Corazon Aquino Fidel Ramos (13) Gloria M
Joseph Estrada Ar
 PRESIDENTS

(14) (15) (16)

ada Gloria Macapagal Benigno Aquino Rodrigo Duterte
Arroyo III
GLORIA MACAPAGAL
ARROYO
JANUARY 20, 2001 –
JUNE 30, 2010
 01 02 03
Brief
Contribution O t h e r Fa c t s
Background

Gloria Macapagal Arroyo

 Brief Background
 Gloria Macapagal Arroyo y Macaraeg was born as Maria Gloria Macaraeg
Macapagal on 5 April 1947 in San Juan, Rizal, Philippines, to politician Diosdado
Macapagal and his wife, Evangelina Macaraeg Macapagal.
 She is a skilled polyglot. She is fluent in English, Tagalog, Spanish, French and
several other Philippine languages, such as Kapampangan, Ilokano, Hiligaynon,
Bicolano, Pangasinense and Cebuano.
 She attended Assumption Convent for her elementary and high school education,
graduating valedictorian in 1964. Arroyo then studied for two years
at Georgetown University's Walsh School of Foreign Service in Washington, D.C.
where she was a classmate of future United States President Bill Clinton.
 She then earned her Bachelor of Arts degree in economics from Assumption
College San Lorenzo graduating magna cum laude in 1968.
 In 1987, she was invited by President Corazon Aquino to join the government as
Assistant Secretary of the Department of Trade and Industry. She was promoted
to Undersecretary two years later. In her concurrent position as Executive
Director of the Garments and Textile Export Board, Arroyo oversaw the rapid
growth of the garment industry in the late 1980s.
 01 02 03
Brief
Contribution O t h e r Fa c t s
Background

Gloria Macapagal Arroyo

 As President, Macapagal worked to suppress graft and
corruption and to stimulate the Philippine economy. He
introduced the country's first land reform law, placed
the peso on the free currency exchange market, and
liberalized foreign exchange and import controls.

President Arroyo implemented policies that opened up

our forests, mountains and seas to foreign and private
corporations for the reckless extraction and plunder of
our mineral, timber, oil and marine resources.

Arroyo, who earned a master's degree and doctorate in

economics, made the Philippine economy the focus of her
presidency. Annual economic growth in the Philippines
averaged 4.5% during the Arroyo administration,
expanding every quarter of her presidency.

Early in her presidency, Arroyo implemented a

controversial policy of holiday economics, adjusting
holidays to form longer weekends with the purpose of
boosting domestic tourism and allowing Filipinos more
time with their families.
 01
02 03
Brief
Contribution O t h e r Fa c t s
Background

Gloria Macapagal Arroyo

 Gloria Arroyo often referred to by her initials GMA, is a Filipina academic and politician
who served as the 14th president of the Philippines. She is the longest serving President
of the Philippines in the post-Marcos era.
 Before her accession to the presidency, she served as the 10th vice president of the
Philippines from 1998 to 2001, and was a senator from 1992 to 1998.
 In the wake of the massacre of 57 people in Ampatuan town, President Arroyo placed
Maguindanao under a state of martial law under Proclamation No. 1959.
 Arroyo subsequently was investigated for various alleged crimes, and in 2011 the
government barred her from leaving the country to seek medical treatment. In
November she was arrested on charges of having committed electoral fraud during the
2007 Senate election. She pleaded not guilty in February 2012.
 She was released from custody on bail in July 2012. Later that year Arroyo was arrested
for allegedly having misused state lottery funds while president.
 At the time she was in a Manila hospital, and she remained there until the country’s
Supreme Court dismissed the charges in July 2016.
 Arroyo, who had been reelected to Congress in May, resumed her political career. An
important ally of Pres. Rodrigo Duterte, she was elected speaker of the House of
Representatives in 2018.
 PRESIDENTS

(14) (15) (16)

ada Gloria Macapagal Benigno Aquino Rodrigo Duterte
Arroyo III
 PRESIDENTS

(14) (15) (16)

Emilio Aguinaldo Benigno Aquino Rodrigo Duterte
III
BENIGNO AQUINO III
JUNE 30, 2010 –
JUNE 30, 2016
 01 02 03
Brief
Contribution O t h e r Fa c t s
Background

Benigno Aquino III

 Brief Background
 Benigno Simeon Cojuangco Aquino III was born on February 8, 1960, at Far
Eastern University Hospital in Sampaloc, Manila. He is the third of the five
children of Benigno Aquino Jr.
 He attended the Ateneo de Manila University in Quezon City for his elementary,
high school, and college education.
 Aquino finished his Bachelor of Arts (major in economics) degree from the
Ateneo de Manila University in 1981. He was one of the students of former
professor of economics at the Ateneo de Manila University, former
President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo.
 n 1980, after a series of heart attacks, Aquino's father was allowed to seek
medical treatment in the United States, where Aquino's family began a period of
self-exile. In 1981, shortly after graduation, Aquino joined his family in the
United States.
 From 1993 to 1998, he worked for Central Azucarera de Tarlac, the sugar
refinery in the Cojuangco-owned Hacienda Luisita. He was employed as the
executive assistant for administration from 1993 to 1996 and subsequently
worked as manager for field services from 1996 to 1998.
 01 02 03
Brief
Contribution O t h e r Fa c t s
Background

Benigno Aquino III

The agricultural and fisheries sector during his years in
power made notable leaps, breaking records in rice
production and introducing stricter laws against illegal
fishing.

During the Aquino administration, the Philippines filed

an arbitration case before The Hague-based Permanent
Court of Arbitration (PCA) against China in January
2013 concerning issues in the South China Sea.

It was during Aquino’s term when the controversy

involving the P10-billion Priority Development
Assistance Fund (PDAF) or pork barrel scam –
described by a National Bureau of Investigation (NBI)
investigator as “the mother of all scams” – was exposed.

In terms of the country's infrastructure development,

Aquino launched in 2010 the Public-Private Partnership
(PPP) program as one of his administration's
centerpiece economic projects.
 The Philippines also enjoyed a stable growth in the
economy during Aquino’s six-year term. When it came
to the country’s gross domestic product (GDP), experts
said it was considered the highest in four decades.

After 13 years and four months since the reproductive

health bill was filed in Congress, Aquino finally signed it
into law on Dec. 21, 2012 despite firm opposition from
the Roman Catholic Church.

In September 2012, Aquino signed into law Republic Act

No. 10175 or the Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012,
which originally aimed to penalize crimes such as
cybersex, child pornography, identity theft, illegal access
to data and cybersquatting.

In a bid to protect all forms of personal information in

the government and private sector, Aquino signed RA
10173 or the Data Privacy Act of 2012 on Aug. 15, 2012.
Aquino made a historic appointment on Aug. 24, 2012
when he appointed the Philippines' first female chief
magistrate, then Supreme Court associate justice Maria
Lourdes Sereno.

The country's traditional 10-year basic education cycle

underwent a significant change after Aquino signed the
Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013, known as the K-
12 program, on May 15, 2013.

Intense tropical cyclones and seismic events also struck

the Philippines under the Aquino administration, which
tested the relief, recovery and rehabilitation efforts of
his government.
 01
02 03
Brief
Contribution O t h e r Fa c t s
Background

Benigno Aquino III

 Benigno Aquino III also known as Noynoy Aquino and colloquially as PNoy, was a Filipino politician who
served as the 15th president of the Philippines.
 Before being elected president, Aquino was a member of the House of Representatives and Senate from 1998
to 2010, and also served as a deputy speaker of the House of Representatives from 2004 to 2006.
 His presidency was marked by stabilizing and growing the nation's economy into its highest in decades, and
the country was dubbed as a "Rising Tiger". Aquino is also credited for his confrontational foreign policy.
 Aquino received criticism for the Mamasapano clash, a botched police operation that killed 44 members of
the Special Action Force, and several other issues.
 On August 23, 2010, in front of the Quirino Grandstand in Rizal Park, Manila, the Manila hostage
crisis occurred when a gunman took hostage a bus with Hong Kong tourists. Aquino defended the actions of
the police at the scene, stating that the gunman had not shown any signs of wanting to kill the hostages
 In November 2019, Aquino was reported to have suffered from pneumonia. A month after, he was confined
at Makati Medical Center for an executive checkup and undisclosed routine procedures.
 In the early hours of June 24, 2021, Aquino was found lying unconscious on his recliner at his home in West
Triangle, Quezon City. He was immediately transported by ambulance to the nearby Capitol Medical
Center in Diliman, where he was pronounced dead that day.
 His remains were cremated on the day of his death and his ashes were buried adjacent to that of his parents
at the Manila Memorial Park in Parañaque on June 26, making him the first former Philippine president to
have been cremated.
 A few hours after the announcement of Aquino's death, President Rodrigo Duterte declared a ten-day "period
of national mourning" from June 24 to July 3. All national flags have been flown at half-mast as a sign of
mourning.
 PRESIDENTS

(14) (15) (16)

Emilio Aguinaldo Benigno Aquino Rodrigo Duterte
III
 PRESIDENTS

(14) (15) (
Gloria Macapagal Benigno Aquino (16) Who
Arroyo III Rodrigo Duterte
RODRIGO ROA
DUTERTE
JUNE 30, 2016 –
PRESENT
 01 02 03
Brief
Contribution O t h e r Fa c t s
Background

Rodrigo Roa Duterte

 Brief Background
 Rodrigo Roa Duterte was born on March 28, 1945, in Maasin.
 Duterte went to Laboon Elementary School in Maasin, for a year. He spent his
remaining elementary days at Santa Ana Elementary School in Davao City,
where he graduated in 1956.
 He finished his secondary education in the High School Department of the
then-Holy Cross College of Digos (now Cor Jesu College) in today's city
of Digos in the now-defunct Davao province, after being expelled twice from
previous schools, including one in the Ateneo de Davao University (AdDU)
High School due to misconduct.
 He graduated in 1968 with a Bachelor of Arts degree in political science at
the Lyceum of the Philippines in Manila. He obtained a law degree from San
Beda College of Law in 1972. In the same year, he passed the bar exam.
 Duterte eventually became a Special Counsel at the City Prosecution Office in
Davao City from 1977 to 1979, Fourth Assistant City Prosecutor from 1979
to 1981, Third Assistant City Prosecutor from 1981 to 1983, and Second
Assistant City Prosecutor from 1983 to 1986.
 01 02 03
Brief
Contribution O t h e r Fa c t s
Background

Rodrigo Roa Duterte

 Significant or a 6.8 percentage-point reduction in
poverty from 23.5 percent of the population when
Duterte began his presidency to 16.7 percent by the end
of 2019—equivalent to 6.1 million Filipinos rescued
from poverty.

Hugely popular, with almost two of every three Filipinos

believing the number of drug users in their area has been
reduced since Duterte came to power in 2016, has resulted
in some 7,000 drug lords and addicts eliminated from the
face of the earth in just two years.

Sanctioning of abusive utilities. The President

went hammer and tongs against the utilities like
water and telco.

Breakup of some oligarchies

 Improving lives of the poor: Land distribution, free
education, hospital care. Duterte had then given the
order to distribute all unused government land to the
poor.

The mayor-turned-president had promised to make

Metro Manila transportation projects a priority of his
administration.

Duterte also issued an order in 2019 for the government

to reclaim public roads being used by private citizens, in
a bid to decongest Metro Manila roads.

Build! Build! (BBB) Program is the centerpiece program of

the Duterte administration that aims to usher the “Golden
age of infrastructure” in the Philippines. Lack of
infrastructure has long been cited as the “Achilles' heel” of
Philippine economic development.
 01
02 03
Brief
Contribution O t h e r Fa c t s
Background

Rodrigo Roa Duterte

 Rodrigo Duterte also known as Digong and Rody, is a Filipino politician who is the 16th and incumbent president of
the Philippines and the first from Mindanao to hold the office.
 He is the chairperson of PDP–Laban, the ruling political party in the Philippines. Duterte took office at age 71 on
June 30, 2016, making him the oldest person to assume the Philippine presidency; the record was previously held
by Sergio Osmeña at the age of 65.
 During his presidency, his domestic policy has focused on combating the illegal drug trade by initiating the
controversial war on drugs, fighting crime, and corruption, launching a massive infrastructure plan and a proposed
shift to a federal system of government.
 He also oversaw the controversial burial of Ferdinand Marcos, the 2017 Battle of Marawi and the government's
response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
 He declared the intention to pursue an "independent foreign policy", and strengthened relations with China
and Russia.
 He initially announced his candidacy for vice president in the 2022 election, but in October 2021, he announced that
he was retiring from politics.
 His political positions have been described as populist and nationalist. Duterte's political success has been aided by
his vocal support for the extrajudicial killing of drug users and other criminals.
 Duterte's political career has sparked numerous protests and attracted controversy, particularly over human rights
issues and Duterte's controversial comments. Duterte has repeatedly confirmed to have personally killed criminal
suspects during his term as mayor of Davao
 He is the only president in the Philippines who didn't submit a single SALN.
 Rodrigo Duterte developed a reputation as a "protector" and "savior" in his hometown of Davao City as mayor of the
city for more than two decades. This is despite reports of death squads in the city.
 PRESIDENTS

(14) (15) (
Gloria Macapagal Benigno Aquino (16) Who
Arroyo III Rodrigo Duterte
 PRESIDENTS

(15) (16)
Benigno Aquino Rodrigo Duterte (17)
III Who’s next?
“Efforts and courage are
not enough without
purpose and direction.”
- John F. Kennedy

Prepared by:
Paningbatan, Wenziel P.
Thank You
Fo r L i s t e n i n g !