R or 𝜌𝜌 = 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐

1. A 300mm x 75mm wooden plank is placed on top of another 600mm x 150mm wooden plank
having the same material. The super imposed beam is subjected to a total moment of 42 kN m.
Span of both planks is 6m. E=8000MPa for both planks
a. Compute the moment carried by the lower plank
b. Compute the flexural stress of the upper plank
c. Compute the radius of curvature of both planks

Given: M = 42 kN m
L = 6m

E=8000MPa
a. Compute the moment carried by the lower plank
𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸1 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸2
= = 𝐼𝐼 = 𝐼𝐼1 + 𝐼𝐼2 𝐼𝐼 = 10,546,875 + 168,750,000
𝑀𝑀 𝑀𝑀1 𝑀𝑀2

𝑏𝑏𝑏3 𝐼𝐼 = 179,296,875𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚4
𝐼𝐼1 =
12
𝑏𝑏𝑏3 𝑏𝑏𝑏3
𝐼𝐼1 = 𝐼𝐼2 =
12 12
(300𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚)(75𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚)3
𝐼𝐼1 =
12
𝐼𝐼1 = 10,546,875 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚4
(600𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚)(150𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚)3
𝐼𝐼2 =
12
𝐼𝐼2 = 168,750,000 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚4
𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 (𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 2)
𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸2 𝐼𝐼 = 179,296,875𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚4
=
𝑀𝑀 𝑀𝑀2 M = 42 kN m
𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸2 𝐼𝐼2 = 168,750,000 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚4
=
𝑀𝑀 𝑀𝑀2
𝑀𝑀2 = ?
𝐼𝐼 𝐼𝐼2
=
𝑀𝑀 𝑀𝑀2
179,296,875𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚4 168,750,000𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚4
=
42 kN m 𝑀𝑀2
𝑀𝑀2 = 39.53 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝑚𝑚
b. Compute the flexural stress of the upper plank.
6𝑀𝑀 M = 42 kN m
𝑓𝑓𝑏𝑏 =
𝑏𝑏𝑑𝑑 2 𝑀𝑀2 = 39.53 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝑚𝑚
6𝑀𝑀 42 = 𝑀𝑀1 + 39.53𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝑚𝑚
𝑓𝑓𝑏𝑏 = for upper plank (1)
𝑏𝑏𝑑𝑑 2
𝑀𝑀1 = 42 − 39.53𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝑚𝑚
6(2.47𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝑚𝑚)
𝑓𝑓𝑏𝑏1 = 𝑀𝑀1 = 2.47𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝑚𝑚
(300𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚)(75𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚)2
1000𝑁𝑁 1000𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
6 2.47𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝑚𝑚
𝑓𝑓𝑏𝑏1 = 1 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 1 𝑚𝑚
(300𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚)(75𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚)2

𝑓𝑓𝑏𝑏1 = 8.78 MPa 𝑎𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛

 c. Compute the radius of curvature of both planks
𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 E=8000MPa
R= 𝐼𝐼 = 179,296,875𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚4
𝑀𝑀

M = 42 kN m
𝑁𝑁
8000 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 4
2 (179,296,875𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 )
R=
42 kN m
𝑁𝑁 1 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
8000 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 4
2 1000𝑁𝑁 (179,296,875𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 )
R=
42 kN m 1000𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
1 𝑚𝑚

R = 34, 151.79 mm
R = 34.15m
2. From the figure shown an timber cantilever beam having a span of 2m is subjected to a couple of 24
kN m at the unsupported end. If E= 70GPa. Compute the radius of curvature considering the deflection
in meters (m).

E= 70GPa
1
R= =?
𝜌𝜌
 1 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 M = 24 kN m
R= = E= 70GPa
𝜌𝜌 𝑀𝑀
1 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 𝑏𝑏𝑏3
= 𝐼𝐼 = 𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 (𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦)
𝜌𝜌 𝑀𝑀
12 120∗303 120∗303
𝐼𝐼1 = +
12 12
𝐼𝐼1 = 540,000
𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣 (𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏)
30 ∗1203
𝐼𝐼2 = ( )
12
𝐼𝐼2 = 4, 320, 000

𝐼𝐼 = 𝐼𝐼1 + 𝐼𝐼2
𝐼𝐼 = 540,000+ 4, 320, 000
𝐼𝐼 = 4,860,000 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚4
 1 𝑀𝑀
R= = 1000𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀
𝜌𝜌 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 70GPa ∗ = 70x103 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀
1 𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺
𝑁𝑁
1 24 kN m 70x103 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 = 70x103
= 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚2
𝜌𝜌 70GPa (4,860,000 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚4 ) 𝑁𝑁 1 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
70x103 * = 70
𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚2 1000 𝑁𝑁 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚2

1 24 kN m 1000𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
= 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
1 𝑚𝑚
𝜌𝜌 70 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 2 (4,860,000 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 )
4

𝜌𝜌 = 14,175𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
𝜌𝜌 = 14.175𝑚𝑚
 Example #1:
A distributed load of W (N/m) is applied over the entire length of a simply supported beam 4m long. The beam has a
cross section shown.
𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
a. What is the W so that it will not exceed the allowable flexural stress of 10MPa? In
𝑚𝑚
𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
b. What is the W so that it will not exceed the allowable shearing stress of 0.8MPa? In
𝑚𝑚
𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
c. What is the W so that the screw have a shear strength of 800N and a pitch of 50mm In
𝑚𝑚
a. What is the W so that it will not exceed the allowable flexural stress of 10MPa?

𝐹𝐹𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑀𝑀
𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀
𝑓𝑓𝑏𝑏 = 𝑤𝑤𝑙𝑙 2
𝐼𝐼 M=
8
𝑤𝑤(4𝑚𝑚)2
M=
8
M = 2𝑊𝑊 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝑚𝑚
 𝐹𝐹𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝐼𝐼
𝑏𝑏𝑏3
𝐼𝐼 =
12
(200𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚)(160𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚)3 160𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 120𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 3
𝐼𝐼 = -
12 12
𝐼𝐼 = 45, 226, 666.67 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚4
𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 160𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
𝑓𝑓𝑏𝑏 = 10𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 M = 2𝑊𝑊 y= = 80mm
𝑓𝑓𝑏𝑏 = 2
𝐼𝐼
𝑁𝑁 (2𝑊𝑊) (80𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚) 𝑁𝑁 1 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 2𝑊𝑊 80𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
10 = 10 =
𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚2 45,226, 666.67 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚4 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚2 1000𝑁𝑁 45,226, 666.67 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚4

𝑘𝑘𝑁𝑁 1000 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝑘𝑘𝑁𝑁

𝑊𝑊 = 2,826.67 𝑊𝑊 = 2.83
𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 1𝑚𝑚 𝑚𝑚
b. What is the W so that it will not exceed the allowable shearing stress of 0.8MPa?

𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤
𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉 𝑉𝑉 =
𝑓𝑓𝑣𝑣 = 2
𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼
𝑤𝑤 (4𝑚𝑚)
𝑉𝑉 =
2
𝑉𝑉 = 2𝑊𝑊 (𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘) m

80𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
𝑄𝑄 = (200mm*80mm* ) -
2
60𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
(160mm*60mm* )
2
𝑄𝑄 = 352,000 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚3
 𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉 𝑉𝑉 = 2𝑊𝑊 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝑚𝑚 𝑄𝑄 = 352,000 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚3
𝑓𝑓𝑣𝑣 =
𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼 𝑓𝑓𝑣𝑣 = 0.8 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀
𝐼𝐼 = 45, 226, 666.67 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚4

𝑁𝑁 2𝑊𝑊 𝑚𝑚 (352,000 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚3 )

0.8 =
𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚2 45,226, 666.67 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚4 (40𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚)

𝑁𝑁 1𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 352,000 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚3

2𝑊𝑊 𝑚𝑚
0.8 =
𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚2 1000𝑁𝑁 45,226, 666.67 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚4 40𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 2𝑊𝑊 𝑚𝑚 352,000 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚3
0.0008 =
𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚2 45,226, 666.67 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚4 40𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚

𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
W = 2.06
𝑚𝑚
c. What is the W so that the screw have a shear strength of 800N and a pitch of 50mm

𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 𝑆𝑆 = 50𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝑉𝑉 = 2𝑊𝑊 (𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘) 𝑚𝑚 𝐼𝐼 = 45, 226, 666.67 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚4

𝑆𝑆 =
𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉
𝑅𝑅 = 800𝑁𝑁 = 2 800𝑁𝑁 = 1600𝑁𝑁
𝑄𝑄 = 200 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 (20𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚)(70mm)
𝑄𝑄 =280,000 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚3

1600𝑁𝑁 (45, 226, 666.67 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚4 )

50𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 =
2𝑊𝑊 𝑚𝑚 (280,000 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚3 )
1𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
1600𝑁𝑁 (45, 226, 666.67 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚4 )
50𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 = 1000𝑁𝑁
2𝑊𝑊 𝑚𝑚 (280,000 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚3 )
𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
𝑊𝑊 = 2.54
𝑚𝑚
 𝑘𝑘𝑁𝑁
𝑊𝑊 = 2.83
𝑚𝑚

𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
W = 2.06 𝑠𝑠𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤
𝑚𝑚

𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
𝑊𝑊 = 2.54
𝑚𝑚
 Example #2

The simply supported beam supports a load of P=16 kN. Allowable bending stress for wood is 30 MPa and the
allowable shear stress is 800kPa.
a. Compute the dimension “a” of each timber so that it will not exceed the allowable bending stress.
b. Compute the dimension “a” of each timber so that it will not exceed the allowable shear stress.
c. Determine the spacing of the bolts if each bolt can sustain a shear of 2.5kN.
a. Compute the dimension “a” of each timber so that it will not exceed the allowable bending stress.

6𝑀𝑀 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 P = 16𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘

𝑓𝑓𝑏𝑏 = M= 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙
4
𝑏𝑏𝑑𝑑 2 16𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 (6𝑚𝑚)
L = 6𝑚𝑚
M=
4
M = 24 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝑚𝑚
1000𝑁𝑁 1000𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 6
M = 24 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝑚𝑚 = 24x10 N mm
1𝑘𝑘𝑁𝑁 1𝑚𝑚

𝑁𝑁 6 (24x106 N mm) Base (b) = a

30 2
=
𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝑎𝑎 (2𝑎𝑎)2
Depth (d) = 2a
𝑎𝑎 = 106.27𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝑓𝑓𝑏𝑏 = 30 MPa
b. Compute the dimension “a” of each timber so that it will not exceed the allowable shear stress.
1𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀
3𝑉𝑉 𝑓𝑓𝑣𝑣 = 800𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 ∗ = 0.8𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀
𝑓𝑓𝑣𝑣 = 1000𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
2𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏
𝑃𝑃 16𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 1000𝑁𝑁
𝑉𝑉 = 2 = 2
= 8kN *
1𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
= 8000N

𝑁𝑁 3 (8000N) Base (b) = a

0.8 =
𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚2 2 𝑎𝑎 (2𝑎𝑎)
Depth (d) = 2a
𝑎𝑎 = 86.6𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
c. Determine the spacing of the bolts if each bolt can sustain a shear of 2.5kN.
1000𝑁𝑁
𝑅𝑅 = 2.5 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 ∗ = 2500 N
𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 1𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
𝑆𝑆 = (106𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚)(212𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚)3
𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉 𝐼𝐼 = = 84,165,131 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚4
12
𝑃𝑃 16𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 1000𝑁𝑁
𝑉𝑉 = 2 = 2
= 8kN *
1𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
= 8000N
106𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
𝑄𝑄 = 106mm (106) =595,508 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚3
2

2500 N (84,165,131 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚4 )

𝑆𝑆 =
8000N (595,508 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚3 )

𝑆𝑆 = 44.2mm
COMPOSITE BEAM

𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑠 𝐴𝐴𝑤𝑤
= = 𝑛𝑛
𝑓𝑓𝑤𝑤 𝐴𝐴𝑆𝑆 If = 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 (𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠)

𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑠
= 𝑛𝑛 𝐵𝐵𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤
𝑓𝑓𝑤𝑤
𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑠 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀
= 𝑓𝑓𝑤𝑤 𝑤𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝑓𝑓𝑤𝑤 =
𝑛𝑛 𝐼𝐼

𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑠 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀
= 𝐵𝐵𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠
𝑛𝑛 𝐼𝐼
𝑛𝑛 = 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟
 𝐸𝐸𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 #1
A timber beam 250mm x 300mm is reinforced with steel plates 150mm x 10mm is rigidly attached at the top and bottom of
the beam. Allowable stresses of wood and steel are 8MPa and 120MPa respectively.
𝐸𝐸𝑠𝑠 = 300,000𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀, 𝐸𝐸𝑤𝑤 = 20,000𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 𝑛𝑛 = 15
a. What is the moment capacity of the beam without steel reinforcement.
b. What is the moment capacity of the beam when reinforced with steel.
c. Gives the amount in which moment is increased by the reinforced.
a. What is the moment capacity of the beam without steel reinforcement.
𝐺𝐺𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖: 𝐸𝐸𝑠𝑠 = 300,000𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 𝐸𝐸𝑤𝑤 = 20,000𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 𝑛𝑛=15.
𝑓𝑓𝑤𝑤 = 8𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑠 = 120𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀
6𝑀𝑀
𝑓𝑓𝑏𝑏 = 𝑐𝑐𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦 − 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏
𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 2
𝑁𝑁 6𝑀𝑀
8 =
𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚2 (250𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚)(300𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚)2

𝑀𝑀 = 30𝑥𝑥𝑥06 𝑁𝑁 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
𝑎𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛
 b. What is the moment capacity of the beam when reinforced with steel.
𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 𝐵𝐵𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤
𝑓𝑓𝑤𝑤 =
𝐼𝐼
𝑓𝑓𝑤𝑤 = 8𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀
𝑏𝑏𝑏3
𝐼𝐼 = + 𝐴𝐴𝑑𝑑 2 𝑇𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 𝐼𝐼
12
𝐼𝐼 = 𝐼𝐼1 + 𝐼𝐼2
𝐹𝐹𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝐼𝐼1 (𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆)
𝐼𝐼 = 10,815𝑥𝑥105 + 5,625𝑥𝑥105
𝑏𝑏𝑏3
𝐼𝐼1 = + 𝐴𝐴𝑑𝑑 2 𝐼𝐼 = 1644𝑥𝑥106 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚4
12
(2250𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚)(10𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚)3
𝐼𝐼1 = + (2250𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚)(10𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚)(155𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚)2
12
𝐼𝐼1 = 10,815𝑥𝑥105 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚4
𝐹𝐹𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝐼𝐼2 (𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤)
𝑏𝑏𝑏3
𝐼𝐼2 = + 𝐴𝐴𝑑𝑑 2 𝐼𝐼2 = 5,625𝑥𝑥105 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚4
12
(250𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚)(300𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚)3
𝐼𝐼2 = + (250𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚)(300𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚)(0)2
12
 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 300𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
𝑓𝑓𝑤𝑤 = 𝑓𝑓𝑤𝑤 = 8𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 𝑐𝑐 = = 150𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝐼𝐼 = 1644𝑥𝑥106 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚4
𝐼𝐼 2
𝑁𝑁 𝑀𝑀 (150𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚)
8 =
𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚2 1644𝑥𝑥106 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚4

𝑀𝑀 = 87.68𝑥𝑥106 N mm

𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑠 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀
= 𝐵𝐵𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠
𝑛𝑛 𝐼𝐼 320𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑠 = 120𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 𝑛𝑛=15. 𝑐𝑐 = = 160𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝐼𝐼 = 1644𝑥𝑥106 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚4
2
𝑁𝑁
120
𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚2 = 𝑀𝑀(160𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 )
5 1644𝑥𝑥106 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚4
𝑀𝑀 = 82.2𝑥𝑥106 N mm 𝑀𝑀 = 87.68𝑥𝑥106 N mm 𝑀𝑀 = 30𝑥𝑥𝑥06 𝑁𝑁 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏
𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤
𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 𝑀𝑀 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠
𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟
c. Gives the amount in which moment is increased by the reinforced.

𝑀𝑀 = 30𝑥𝑥𝑥06 𝑁𝑁 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝑊𝑊𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟

𝑀𝑀 = 82.2𝑥𝑥106 N mm 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 𝑀𝑀 when reinforce with steel

𝑀𝑀 = 82.2𝑥𝑥106 −30𝑥𝑥𝑥06 = 52.2𝑥𝑥𝑥06 N mm

 𝐸𝐸𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 #2
𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
A simply supported beam of span 3.5m carries a uniformly distributed load of 46.5 .The beam has the box shown
𝑚𝑚
in the figure. Allowable stresses for steel and wood are 124MPa and 8MPa respectively. Modular ratio of steel to
timber is 20.
a. Give the maximum moment acting on the beam
b. Give the required thickness of the steel plate if allowable stress of wood controls.
c. Give the required thickness of steel plate if allowable stress of steel controls.
a. Give the maximum moment acting on the beam

𝑤𝑤𝑙𝑙 2
𝑀𝑀 =
8
𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
46.5 𝑚𝑚 (3.5𝑚𝑚)2
𝑀𝑀 =
8

𝑀𝑀 = 71.20 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝑚𝑚 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎

 b. Give the required thickness of the steel plate if allowable stress of wood controls.

300𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 𝑐𝑐 = = 150mm
𝑓𝑓𝑤𝑤 = 𝑀𝑀 = 71.20 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝑚𝑚 2
𝐼𝐼
𝑏𝑏𝑏3 𝑇𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 𝐼𝐼
𝐼𝐼 = + 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 2
12

𝐼𝐼 = 𝐼𝐼1 + 𝐼𝐼2

(100𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚)(75𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚)3
𝐼𝐼1 = + (100𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚)(75mm)(112.5𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚)2
12
𝐼𝐼1 = 98, 437, 500 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚4 𝑥𝑥 2 = 196, 875, 000 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚4
(20𝑡𝑡)(300𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚)3
𝐼𝐼2 = + (20𝑡𝑡)(300mm)(0𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚)2
12

(20𝑡𝑡)(300𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚)3
𝐼𝐼2 = ( ∗ 2) + +(20𝑡𝑡)(300mm)(0𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚)2
12
𝐼𝐼2 = 90,000,000t
𝐼𝐼 = 𝐼𝐼1 + 𝐼𝐼2 𝐼𝐼1 = 196, 875, 000 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚4 𝐼𝐼2 = 90,000,000t
𝑓𝑓𝑤𝑤 = 8MPa 𝑀𝑀 = 71.20 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝑚𝑚
𝐼𝐼 =196, 875, 000 + 9,000,000t
300𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 𝑐𝑐 = = 150mm
𝑓𝑓𝑤𝑤 = 𝑓𝑓𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 2
𝐼𝐼
𝑁𝑁 71.20 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝑚𝑚 (150mm )
8 = 196,875,000+9,000,000t
𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚2
1000𝑁𝑁 1000𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
𝑁𝑁 71.20 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝑚𝑚 150mm ) (
8 = 1 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 1𝑚𝑚
𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚2 196,875,000+90,000,000t
8 (196, 875, 000 + 90,000,000t) = 1.068𝑥𝑥1010
8 (196, 875, 000 + 90,000,000t) = 1.068𝑥𝑥1010
1,575𝑥𝑥106 + 720,000,000t = 1.068𝑥𝑥1010
t = 12.64mm
c. Give the required thickness of steel plate if allowable stress of steel controls.
𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑠 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 𝑀𝑀 = 71.20 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝑚𝑚
= 𝐵𝐵𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠
𝑛𝑛 𝐼𝐼 𝑐𝑐 =
300𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
= 150mm n = 20
2
𝑁𝑁 𝐼𝐼 =196, 875, 000 + 90,000,000t
124
𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚2 = (71.20 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝑚𝑚 )(150mm ) 𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑠 = 124 MPa
20 196, 875, 000 + 90,000,000t
𝑁𝑁 1000𝑁𝑁 1000𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
124 71.20 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝑚𝑚 (150mm )
𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚2 = 1 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 1𝑚𝑚
20 196, 875, 000 + 90,000,000t

124 (196, 875, 000 + 90,000,000t = 20 (71.20𝑥𝑥106 ) 150

2.44125𝑥𝑥1010 + 1.116𝑥𝑥1010 t = 2.135 𝑥𝑥1011

t = 16.95mm
 𝐸𝐸𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 #3
A timber beam 150mm by 250mm is reinforced at the bottom only by a steel plate as shown. The neutral axis is 170.2m below the
top and that moment of inertia about the neutral axis is 416𝑥𝑥106 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚4 , and n = 20
a. What is the concentrated load that can be applied at the center of a simply supported span of 6m long without exceeding
the stress of wood of 8MPa in kN.
b. What is the concentrated load that can be applied at the center of a simply supported span of 6m long without exceeding
the stress of steel of 120MPa.
c. What is the safe concentrated load that can be applied at the center of a simply supported span of 6m long ?
a. What is the concentrated load that can be applied at the center of a simply supported span of 6m long without exceeding
the stress of wood of 8MPa in kN.
𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 M=
𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 c = 170.2mm 𝑓𝑓𝑤𝑤 = 8MPa
𝑓𝑓𝑤𝑤 = 𝑏𝑏𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 4
𝐼𝐼
𝑃𝑃 6𝑚𝑚 M=
𝑃𝑃(6𝑚𝑚) I = 416𝑥𝑥106 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚4
𝑁𝑁 4
(170.2mm ) 4
8 =
𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚2 416𝑥𝑥106𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚4
𝑃𝑃 6𝑚𝑚 1000𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
𝑁𝑁 1𝑘𝑘𝑁𝑁 4 1 𝑚𝑚
(170.2mm)
8 =
𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚2 1000𝑁𝑁 416𝑥𝑥106𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚4
8𝑥𝑥10−3 (416𝑥𝑥106 ) = 255,300𝑃𝑃

𝑃𝑃 = 13.04 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
b. What is the concentrated load that can be applied at the center of a simply supported span of 6m long without exceeding the
stress of steel of 120MPa in kN.
𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑠 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 𝐵𝐵𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑠 = 120 MPa M=
𝑃𝑃(6𝑚𝑚)
= 4
𝑛𝑛 𝐼𝐼 n = 20
c = 89.80mm
𝑁𝑁 𝑃𝑃 6𝑚𝑚
120 (89.80mm ) I = 416𝑥𝑥106 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚4
𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚2 = 4
20 416𝑥𝑥106 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚4

120𝑥𝑥10−3 (416𝑥𝑥106 ) = (134,700𝑃𝑃) ∗ 20

49,920,000 = 2,694,000P

𝑃𝑃 = 18.53 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
c. What is the safe concentrated load that can be applied at the center of a simply supported span of 6m long ?

stress of wood 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠

𝑃𝑃 = 13.04 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝑃𝑃 = 18.53 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘

𝑃𝑃 = 13.04 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙

 𝐸𝐸𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 1
A single span member is 3m in length is made up of Apitong 150mm x 300mm wooden section, with an allowable
stress based on 80% stress grade as shown below.
Bending and tension, parallel to grain = 16.5MPa
Modulus of elasticity in bending = 7310MPa
Compression parallel to the grain = 9.56MPa
Compression perpendicular to the grain = 2.20MPa
Shear parallel to the grain = 1.73MPa

The beam carries a uniform load of 18kN/m besides its own weight. Weight of wood = 7.5kN/𝑚𝑚3 . The beam carries an
axial tensile load of 180kN in MPa.
a. What is the actual tensile stress if only tensile force is acting.
b. Give the interaction value of both bending and tensile stress
c. Give the ratio of the difference between its actual bending and tensile stress to the adjusted bending stress for
slenderness.
a. What is the actual tensile stress if only tensile force is acting in MPa.

𝑓𝑓𝑡𝑡 =
𝑇𝑇 𝑇𝑇 = 180 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝑏𝑏 = 150𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝑑𝑑 = 300𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
𝐴𝐴

180𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
𝑓𝑓𝑡𝑡 =
150𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 (300𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚)

1000𝑁𝑁
180𝑘𝑘𝑁𝑁 1 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
𝑓𝑓𝑡𝑡 =
150𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 (300𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚)

𝑓𝑓𝑡𝑡 = 4 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀
b. Give the interaction value of both bending and tensile stress
𝐹𝐹𝑡𝑡 = 𝐹𝐹𝑏𝑏 = Bending and tension, parallel to grain=16.5MPa
𝑓𝑓𝑡𝑡 𝑓𝑓𝑏𝑏
+
𝐹𝐹𝑡𝑡 𝐹𝐹𝑏𝑏 𝑓𝑓𝑡𝑡 = 4 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀
6𝑀𝑀 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 2
𝑓𝑓𝑏𝑏 = 𝑏𝑏 = 150𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝑑𝑑 = 300𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝑀𝑀 =
𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 2 8
6 (20.63 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝑚𝑚 ) 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 2
𝑓𝑓𝑏𝑏 = 𝑀𝑀 =
0.15𝑚𝑚 (0.3𝑚𝑚)2 8
𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
6 (20.63 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝑚𝑚)
1000𝑁𝑁 w = 18 + 7.5 ∗ 0.15 ∗ 0.3
𝑚𝑚 𝑚𝑚3
1𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
𝑓𝑓𝑏𝑏 = 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
0.15𝑚𝑚 (300𝑚𝑚)2 = 18.3375
𝑚𝑚
𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
𝑓𝑓𝑏𝑏 =9.17 MPa (18.3375 )(3𝑚𝑚)2
𝑀𝑀 = 𝑚𝑚
8

𝑀𝑀 = 20.63𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝑚𝑚
𝑓𝑓𝑡𝑡 𝑓𝑓𝑏𝑏 𝑓𝑓𝑡𝑡 = 4 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 𝑓𝑓𝑏𝑏 =9.17 MPa
+
𝐹𝐹𝑡𝑡 𝐹𝐹𝑏𝑏 𝐹𝐹𝑡𝑡 = 𝐹𝐹𝑏𝑏 = Bending and tension, parallel to grain=16.5MPa

4 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 9.17MPa
+
16.5MPa 16.5MPa

= 0.798
 c. Give the ratio of the difference between its actual bending and tensile stress to the adjusted bending stress for
slenderness.
𝑓𝑓𝑏𝑏 − 𝑓𝑓𝑡𝑡
𝑓𝑓𝑏𝑏 =9.17 MPa 𝑓𝑓𝑡𝑡 = 4 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀
Ratio =
𝐹𝐹𝑏𝑏′
𝐹𝐹𝑏𝑏′ = recall allowable bending stress considering lateral stability and less variability
9.17 − 4
Ratio =
16.5
𝐿𝐿𝑒𝑒 𝑑𝑑 𝐿𝐿𝑒𝑒 = 1.92 𝐿𝐿𝑢𝑢
Ratio = 0.313
𝐶𝐶𝑆𝑆 =
𝑏𝑏 2 𝐿𝐿𝑒𝑒 = 1.92 (3000mm) 𝐿𝐿𝑒𝑒 = 5760𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚

5760𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 (300𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚)
𝐶𝐶𝑆𝑆 =
(150𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚)2
𝐶𝐶𝑆𝑆 = 8.76 < 10 𝑠𝑠𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝐴𝐴

𝐹𝐹𝑏𝑏′ = 𝐹𝐹𝑏𝑏 𝐹𝐹𝑡𝑡 = 𝐹𝐹𝑏𝑏 = 16.5MPa =𝐹𝐹𝑏𝑏′

Allowable compressive stress:
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾 𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 𝐸𝐸
= If > 11 use K = 0.671
𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑 𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹

𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿
If < 𝐾𝐾
𝑑𝑑
use

𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 4
1
Fc’ = Fc 1 − 𝑑𝑑
3 𝐾𝐾
Members subjected to both flexure and axial compression shall be proportioned such that:

𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿
𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 − 11
+ ≤ 1.0 𝐽𝐽 = 𝑑𝑑
′
𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹′ 𝐹𝐹𝑏𝑏 − 𝐽𝐽𝐽𝐽𝐽𝐽 𝐾𝐾 − 11
Except that J shall not be less than zero nor greater than one
Where:
Fb’ = corrected allowable bending stress for slenderness factor
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿
Fc= allowable unit stress in compression to the grain adjusted for ratio where d is the least dimension
𝑑𝑑
fc = actual unit where stress in compression parallel to the grain
fb = actual unit stress for extreme fibers in bending
 𝐸𝐸𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 1
𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
A single span beam which carries a uniform load of 26 has an unsupported span of 4m. It is made up of yakal
𝑚𝑚
200mm x 350mm wooden section. It is subjected to a compressive load of 400kN at its centroid. Allowable stresses of
Yakal using 80% stress grade.
Bending and tension, parallel to grain = 24.5MPa
Modulus of elasticity in bending (E) = 9780MPa
Compression parallel to the grain (Fc) = 15.8MPa
Compression perpendicular to the grain = 6.27MPa
Shear parallel to the grain = 2.49MPa
Used k=0.65
The beam is fixed at both ends
a. Give the value of the allowable bending stress with slenderness factor correction.
b. Gives the allowable compressive stress
c. Is the member safe, unsafe, not allowed by the code
 a. Give the value of the allowable bending stress with slenderness factor correction.

𝐹𝐹𝑏𝑏′ = recall allowable bending stress considering

lateral stability and less variability

𝐿𝐿𝑒𝑒 = 1.92 𝐿𝐿𝑢𝑢 𝐿𝐿𝑒𝑒 = 1.92 (4000mm) 𝐿𝐿𝑒𝑒 = 7680𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚

𝐿𝐿𝑒𝑒 𝑑𝑑
𝐶𝐶𝑆𝑆 =
𝑏𝑏 2

7680𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 (350𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚)
𝐶𝐶𝑆𝑆 = 𝐶𝐶𝑆𝑆 = 8.20 < 10 𝑠𝑠𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝐴𝐴
(200𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚)2

𝐹𝐹𝑏𝑏′ = 𝐹𝐹𝑏𝑏 𝐹𝐹𝑡𝑡 = 𝐹𝐹𝑏𝑏 = 24.5MPa =𝐹𝐹𝑏𝑏′

b. Gives the allowable compressive stress.
1000𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
𝐿𝐿𝑒𝑒 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝑘𝑘 = 0.65 𝐿𝐿 = 4𝑚𝑚 = 4000𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
1𝑚𝑚
= d = least dimension = 200mm
𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑
𝐿𝐿𝑒𝑒 (0.65 )(4000𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚) 𝐸𝐸
= 𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈 E = 9780MPa
𝑑𝑑 200𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝑘𝑘 = 0.671
𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹
𝐿𝐿𝑒𝑒 Fc = 15.8MPa
= 13 > 11 9780𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀
𝑑𝑑 𝑘𝑘 = 0.671
15.8𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀
𝐿𝐿𝑒𝑒 𝑘𝑘 =16.69
= 13 < 𝑘𝑘 =16.69
𝑑𝑑
𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 1 13 4
𝐹𝐹𝑐𝑐 ′ = 15.8 1 − ( )
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 3 16.67
1
𝐹𝐹𝑐𝑐 ′ = 𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 1 − ( 𝑑𝑑 )4 𝐹𝐹𝑐𝑐 ′ = 13.86MPA
3 𝑘𝑘
c. Is the member safe, unsafe, not allowed by the code
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 𝐿𝐿𝑒𝑒
− 11
𝐽𝐽 = 𝑑𝑑 = 13 𝑘𝑘 =16.69
𝑑𝑑
𝐾𝐾 − 11
𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
13 − 11 + ≤ 1.0
𝐽𝐽 = ′
𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹′ 𝐹𝐹𝑏𝑏 − 𝐽𝐽𝐽𝐽𝐽𝐽
16.69 − 11
1000𝑁𝑁
𝐽𝐽 = 0.351 𝑃𝑃 = 400𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝑥𝑥 = 400,000N
1𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
𝑃𝑃
𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 = 𝐴𝐴 = 200𝑥𝑥 350𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
𝐴𝐴
6𝑀𝑀 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 400, 000𝑁𝑁
𝑓𝑓𝑏𝑏 = 2 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 = = 5.71𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀
𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 (200𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚)(350𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚)

𝐹𝐹𝑐𝑐 ′ = 13.86MPA
 6𝑀𝑀
𝑓𝑓𝑏𝑏 = 2 𝑏𝑏𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 𝑤𝑤𝑙𝑙 2 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 𝑀𝑀 = 𝑤𝑤 = 26 𝑙𝑙 = 4𝑚𝑚
12 𝑚𝑚

𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
26 (4𝑚𝑚)2 𝑀𝑀 = 32 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝑚𝑚
𝑀𝑀 = 𝑚𝑚
12

1000𝑁𝑁 1000𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
6 32 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝑚𝑚
𝑓𝑓𝑏𝑏 = 1𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 1𝑚𝑚
200𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 (350𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚)2
𝑓𝑓𝑏𝑏 = 7.87 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀
 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 = 5.71𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 𝐽𝐽 = 0.351
𝐹𝐹𝑐𝑐 ′ = 13.86MPA 𝑓𝑓𝑏𝑏 = 7.87 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀
𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
+ ′ ≤ 1.0 𝐹𝐹𝑡𝑡 = 𝐹𝐹𝑏𝑏 = 24.5MPa =𝐹𝐹𝑏𝑏′
𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹′ 𝐹𝐹𝑏𝑏 − 𝐽𝐽𝐽𝐽𝐽𝐽

5.71𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 7.87 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀

+ ≤ 1.0
13.86MP𝑎𝑎 24.5MPa − 0.351 (5.71𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀)
0.761 ≤ 1.0

𝑇𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠