LESSON 4.

1
IT in Education; Business; Infrastructure;
Food Industry; Banking; Communication and
Services
MONARES, PINO, PITOGO, REYES, SECUYA
IT in EDUCATION
a. Ways in which technology improves Education over
time.
With the introduction of technology in education,
resources have become more accessible. Technology is a
powerful tool that can support and transform education in
many ways, from making it easier for teachers to create
instructional materials to enabling new ways for people to
learn and work together. Especially nowadays, during
pandemic, technology really did an important part to
everyone.
 IT in EDUCATION
HERE ARE SOME EXAMPLES:
• VIRTUAL CLASSROOMS - A VIRTUAL
CLASSROOM IS A VIDEO CONFERENCING TOOL
WHERE INSTRUCTORS AND PARTICIPANTS
ENGAGE WITH EACH OTHER AND WITH THE
LEARNING MATERIAL.
(GCLASSROOM, EDMODO, ZOOM)
• REFERENCE BOOK - A BOOK INTENDED TO BE
CONSULTED FOR INFORMATION ON SPECIFIC
MATTERS RATHER THAN READ FROM
BEGINNING TO END.
(MERRIAM WEBSTER, ENCYCLOPEDIAS
ONLINE)
IT in EDUCATION
b. Negative effects of Technology in Education.
Using technology makes our lives easier than ever, but too
much of something is always bad. Social skills play a
significant role in a life of a learner. However, modern
technology reduces social skills because many learners
spend their time on the internet and mobile devices. The list
below or in the next slide shows the negative effects of
technology in education.
IT in EDUCATION
IT in EDUCATION
4. THIS CREATES DIFFICULTIES FOR THOSE
STUDENTS WITHOUT CONNECTION TO
THE INTERNET TO COMPLETE ONLINE
ASSIGNMENTS OR HAVE ACCESS TO
THEIR SCHOOL'S RESOURCES.

5. HAVING PROBLEMS PHYSICALLY LIKE

TROUBLE IN THEIR EYESIGHT, SCOLIOSIS
AND MORE. IT CAN ALSO CAUSE MENTAL
HEALTH PROBLEMS SUCH AS ANXIETY
AND DEPRESSION.
IT in Business
a. Decision Making.
It’s essential to be innovative and implement technology within your
business that allows you to make better, informed decisions moving
forward, traditional methods are no longer relevant to cope with
change. When it comes to decision making in business, we can all
agree that strategic thinking and planning is essential if we are to
make progress. As such, businesses should invest in technology that
enables them to store data in a single, central location, which
decision makers can easily access, ideally with real-time information
at their fingertips.
IT in BUSINESS
Essentially, technology plays a major role in helping businesses to be
prepared and make informed, intelligent decisions, by gathering real-
time data from a single reliable source. However, technology does
not work without the investment in people too - the people in your
business need to believe in the technology you introduce and to be
advocates for the positive change it will bring.
IT in BUSINESS
b. Marketing and Business Growth.
Information technology in marketing helps gathering information
about consumer preferences and needs. It is also a tool for
generating needs for a product or service. At the present stage of
development of the digital society, marketing (including advertising)
have become personalized. This has transformed marketing by
making campaigns more personalized and immersive for people and
creating ecosystems that are more integrated and targeted for
marketers. And it's not just the interface between brands and people
that have been transformed.
IT in BUSINESS
Information technology fosters innovation in
business growth. Innovation results in smarter
apps, improved data storage, faster processing,
and wider reach of customers. As the world
becomes more and more connected to the web
and other devices via IoT applications, you have
the golden opportunity to capture the attention
of a global audience and transform your
business into a global venture with ease. This
will surely help your business to bloom.
IT in BUSINESS
c. Customer support and satisfaction.
Technology can track and measure the customer's 'online footprints' that
highlight precious insights into what the customer wants, what motivates them
and the sort of products/services they're interested in. You can now track your
customers on and offline activity to build a better picture of their behaviour.

• Customer Service Technology - is a range of

software and hardware solutions that improve the
customer experience and empower your agents to
deliver better support. Companies can use a range
of different tools both on the customer side and
internally, on the agent side.
IT in BUSINESS
d. Resource management and Globalization
Information Technology Resource Management (ITRM) is the term used to
describe the processes to plan, allocate, and control information
technology resources for improving the efficiency and effectiveness of
business solutions. Resource management is the practice of planning,
scheduling, and allocating people, money, and technology to a project or
program.
Information technology facilitates the effortless exchange of information
across borders, as well as the expansion of resources from countries all
across the world. This expansion leads to new ideas and products, as well
as new ways of doing business.
IT INFRASTRUCTURE
What is infrastructure?
In information technology and on the internet infrastructure is the physical
hardware used to interconnect and users. Infrastructure includes the
transmission; media including telephone lines; cable television lines; Satellite
antennas; Routers; And other devices that control transmission paths.
Infrastructure also includes the software used to send ;receive; and manage the
signals that are transmitted.
Information Technology Infrastructure
Is the integrated framework upon which digital network operate. This
infrastructure includes data center; computers; computer network; database;
management devices; and a regulatory system.
INFRASTRUCTURE COMPONENTS
IT INFRASTRUCTURE
1. Hardware
Hardware refers to any IT component that you can touch. While your software is a component of
your infrastructure, it is not a component of your hardware because it is not physically present.
Some examples of hardware include servers, hard drives, network cables, storage devices,
laptops, and also printers. For software to run properly, it requires the right hardware. Your
software may not run efficiently or at all if it does not have the proper hardware. When making
decisions about your IT systems, it is critical to consider both, as this can affect how you work,
your productivity, and the bottom line of your business.
2. Software
The software allows your computer hardware to execute critical jobs and help your business run
more smoothly. The appropriate software can even inspire new ways of doing things. Since
software is a critical business asset, you should select your software carefully to ensure that it
meets your company’s requirements.
 IT INFRASTRUCTURE
Types of software:
• Bespoke software
This refers to writing software that is specifically tailored to your business processes and needs. It
can take a long time to write bespoke software, and you need to have sufficient manpower and
expertise in this field to support the development process. As such, bespoke software is
sometimes not the best option for small organisations.
• System/Application software
System software augments your computer hardware, indirectly benefiting your business goals.
One such example would be Microsoft Office 365 which is commonly used by businesses
in Singapore and across the globe. This software is designed to help you achieve more with
innovative Office applications such as Microsoft Teams, intelligent cloud services, as well as
world-class security to protect your intellectual property.
 IT INFRASTRUCTURE
• Package software
Standard software packages are usually the best option for small organisations. Sometimes, software offered by IT
companies in Singapore can be customised if they do not cover the necessary functions.
•Open-source and proprietary software
Proprietary software is developed by a supplier and made available for use under an end-user licence agreement
(EULA), which you accept before installation. The license specifies how the software can be used and typically
restricts you from doing things like creating copies of the software for distribution or selling your license to others.
3. Network
Your network is the core of your company. However, for it to perform correctly, it requires the correct support – in the
form of good network infrastructure. There are three different types of network:
• Open system refers to a system that has been connected to the network and is ready for communication.
IT INFRASTRUCTURE
• Closed system is the opposite of open, and thus cannot be communicated
with.
• Computer network is an interconnection of multiple devices known as hosts.
These are connected using multiple paths with the main purpose being to send
or receive data from the media. Computer networks can also include several
devices/mediums that aid in communication between two separate devices;
these are referred to as Network devices and include routers, switches, hubs,
and bridges.
• Connecting your business network to the world’s largest network, the Internet,
dramatically increases the value and effectiveness of your company. An internet
connection expands communications by providing email, voice, and video
options; access to important data and information; and global access to
customers.
 IT INFRASTRUCTURE
4. Data Center and Storage Facilities.
Data centers are frequently referred to as a single entity, but
they are made up of several technical components. These
are classified into three types:
Storage – Important company data is typically kept in a data
centre on media ranging from tape to solid-state discs, with
several backups.
Compute – High-end servers provide memory and
processing power to run applications.
Network – Interconnections between data centre
components and the outside world, such as routers,
switches, application-delivery controllers, and others.
IT INFRASTRUCTURE
5. Virtual And Remote Assets
A virtual asset refers to a digital representation of value that may be traded or
transferred digitally and used for payment or investment. Tracking and
monitoring hardware, as well as software, has become more important ever
since the pandemic. With many businesses and organisations shifting to work-
from-home (WFH), employees need company-wide systems to communicate
effectively.
6. Wireless And Wired Access
Wired access refers to the connection of devices through cables, such as
connecting your laptop to the Internet. On the other hand, wireless access
allows devices to stay connected to the network or system, but roam untethered
to any wires.
IT INFRASTRUCTURE
7. Consulting and System Integration Services
System integration is the process of merging all of an
organization’s physical and virtual components. The
physical components include diverse machine
systems, computer hardware, inventory, and so forth.
Data stored in databases, software, and apps
comprise the virtual components. Often, it is not
easy to integrate two systems, and one of the main
challenges of system integration is the lack of
expertise. To integrate systems successfully, you
need someone knowledgeable about the data and
internal structure. Hence, it is advisable to outsource
to an IT company in Singapore that offers Managed
Services to help you with the integration.
 IT in FOOD INDUSTRY
a.Robotics and Machines
A machine is a mechanical or electrical device that assists inf human
tasks' performance, which could be otherwise laborious. A robot is a
machine that carries out tasks or groups of tasks that have been pre-
programmed in it. Robots are machines with additional features
hence more functionality.
Robotics is a branch of engineering that involves the conception,
design, manufacture and operation of robots. The objective of the
robotics field is to create intelligent machines that can assist humans
in a variety of ways. Robotics can take on a number of forms.
 IT in FOOD INDUSTRY
● There are seven main types of robots;
· Articulated
· Cartesian
· Collaborative Robots
· SCARA
· Cylindrical
· Delta
· Polar
Each one has additional types of robot configuration
and joint configuration, the joints referring to the
axes on the robotic arms.
IT in FOOD INDUSTRY
b. 3D Printing
3D printing could revolutionize the food industry. With the drive for product
customization, sustainability, traceable products and time savings, this
technology can alter how people buy food, how food is made and thereby
significantly change the process of food manufacturing and the resulting supply
chain.
How does 3D printing affect the food industry?
3D printing will revolutionize food products, and the market for 3D printers is
driven by the need for customization with time savings. With the technology, it
will be easier to customize ingredients and nutrients, minimize chemical
additives, and advance sustainability in food.
IT in FOOD INDUSTRY
C. Drones
Drones are ideal alternatives when it comes to performing cost-intensive tasks in
the food industry e.g. provide visual overview of the production site, carry out
condition control, perform leakage detection and cleaning validation of
equipment.
Some examples of Drones:
•Border-Monitoring Drones
The Stratobus Earth Drone Looks to Ensure Security Down Below
•Wildlife-Protecting Drones
Airware’s Drones Aim to Protect Endangered Animals in Kenya
IT in FOOD INDUSTRY
• Heartening Soda-Delivering Drones
This Singapore Coca-Cola Delivery is More
Special Than Usual
•Robotic Raptors
The 'Robirds' Drones Are Used to Keep
Nuisance Birds Away
•Intercontinental Social Media Drones
This Facebook Drone Looks to Connect the
World with Internet
IT in FOOD INDUSTRY
d. Packaging and waste
Packaging technology is a key pillar of logistics. It
ensures safe transport and is an important aspect in the
marketing of products. A brief definition of the
term:Through single or multiple layers of packaging
material, packaging technology makes products
transportablePackaging is a complex and wide-ranging
subject. Comprehensive in scope and authoritative in its
coverage, Packaging technology provides the ideal
introduction and reference
IT in FOOD INDUSTRY
Digital technologies are increasingly applied across almost all areas
of waste collection. Certain aspects of collection have been
transformed by advances in digitalisation, especially logistics — the
process of organising, scheduling and dispatching tasks, personnel
and vehicles. Digital tools offer the potential to enhance the
process by storing, processing, analysing and optimising the
necessary information. Information generated during the collection
process, e.g. on task progress or incidents, can be monitored in real
time.
IT in BANKING
a. E-banking
(it’s benefits to the Customer and to the Bank)- E-Banking
offers discounts, convenience, speed, transferring services
and the management of the funds, 24*7 facilities and the
liquidity of the funds to its customers. It provides quick
services because individuals do not have to wait in lines to
pay their bills or transfer payments.
IT in BANKING
Electronic banking is a broad
term or category which includes
various forms of banking
services and transactions
performed through electronic
means such as internet banking,
mobile banking, telebanking,
ATMs, debit cards, and credit
cards.
IT in COMMUNICATION & SERVICES
What is Information and Communication Technology?
Information and communications technology (ICT) refers to
all the technology used to handle telecommunications,
broadcast media, intelligent building management systems,
audiovisual processing and transmission systems, and
network-based control and monitoring functions. Although
ICT is often considered an extended synonym for
information technology (IT), its scope is more broad.
IT in COMMUNICATION & SERVICES
ICT encompasses both the internet-enabled sphere as
well as the mobile one powered by wireless networks.
It also includes antiquated technologies, such as
landline telephones, radio and television broadcast –
all of which are still widely used today alongside
cutting-edge ICT pieces such as artificial intelligence
and robotics. The list of ICT components is exhaustive,
and it continues to grow. Some components, such as
computers and telephones, have existed for decades
but smartphones, digital TVs and robots, are more
recent entries.
 IT in COMMUNICATION & SERVICES
Information and Communication
Technology service refers to forms of
technology that are used to transmit,
process, store, create, display, share or
exchange information by electronic
means. IT network enables to
communicate with persons in any part of
the world. In this way it helps to have an
access to any information for making
quick decisions.
LESSON 4.2
Internet of Thing (IoT)
MONARES, PINO, PITOGO, REYES, SECUYA
IoT
What is IoT?
The Internet of Things (IoT) is the network of physical
objects or "things" embedded with electronics,
software, sensors, and network connectivity, which
enables these objects to collect and exchange data.
 IoT
How IoT Works?
The Internet of Things (IoT), also sometimes referred to as the
Internet of Everything (IoE), consists of all the web-enabled
devices that collect, send and act on data they acquire from their
surrounding environments using embedded sensors, processors
and communication hardware. These devices, often called
"connected" or "smart" devices, can sometimes talk to other
related devices, a process called machine-to-machine (M2M)
communication, and act on the information they get from one
another.
IoT
Humans can interact with the gadgets to set them up, give
them instructions or access the data, but the devices do
most of the work on their own without human intervention.
Their existence has been made possible by all the tiny
mobile components that are available these days, as well as
the always- online nature of our home and business
networks.
Internet of Things examples:

Wearables:
Alexa & Siri
Smartwatch