Articulation

Anatomy & Physiology Part 2

Ms. Rachel Lim

MUA4215 Vocal Pedagogy
Wk 7: 1 October 2020
Articulation

● Immovable structures
○ Alveolar ridge of the maxillae
○ Hard palate
○ Teeth
Bones of the Face
● Mandible
● Maxillae
● Nasal bone
● Palatine bone and nasal conchae
● Vomer
● Zygomatic bone
● Lacrimal bone
● Hyoid bone
Mandible
● Massive unpaired bone making the jaw
● Begins as a paired bone but fuses at the midline (mental
symphysis) by 1 year of age
● Paired maxillae are the bones making up the base of the skull
● Nasal bones are small, making up the superior nasal surface.
● Nasal bones articulate with the frontal bones superiorly, the
maxillae laterally, and the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone
and the nasal septal cartilage
Palatine Bone
● Posterior one-fourth of the hard palate is made of the horizontal plate
of the palatine bone
Zygomatic Bone

● Makes up the prominent structures

we identify as cheekbones
● Articulates with the maxillae, frontal
bone and temporal bone and makes
up the lateral orbit (eye socket)
Lacrimal Bones
● Almost completely hidden in the
intact skull
● Articulate with the maxillae, frontal
bone, nasal bone and inferior
conchae
● Constitute a small portion of the
lateral nasal wall and form a small
portion of the medial orbit
Cranial Skeleton

● (Ethmoid)
● (Sphenoid)
● Frontal
● Parietal
● Occipital
● Temporal
Frontal Bone

● Unpaired frontal bone makes up the bony forehead, anterior

cranial case, and the supraorbital region
● Articulates with the zygomatic bones via the zygomatic
processes and with the nasal bones via the nasal portion.
From beneath, the orbital portion provides the superior
surface of the eye socket
Frontal Bone
Parietal Bones

● Paired parietal bones overlie the parietal lobes of the

cerebrum and form the middle portion of the braincase
● These bones are united at the midline by the sagittal suture,
running from the frontal bone in front to the occipital bone in
back, separated by the lambdoid suture
Occipital Bone

● Unpaired occipital bone overlies the occipital lobe of the

brain and makes up the posterior braincase
● Articulate with the temporal parietal and sphenoid bones
Temporal Bone

● Paired bone at the side and base of the skull

● Supports that part of the face known as the temple
● Temporal bones closely involved in the anatomy of the ear
and they house a number of anatomical structures of
importance
Cavities of the Vocal Tract
● Oral
● Buccal
● Pharyngeal
● Nasal
Cavities of the Vocal Tract
● Oral
○ Most significant of speech mechanism
○ Most change during speech
○ Shape altered by movement of tongue/mandible
○ Either side of soft palate and continuous with it are 2
prominent bands of tissue
■ Anterior and Posterior faucial pillars
○ Between these are the palatine tonsils
Cavities of the Vocal Tract
● Buccal
○ Lies laterally to the oral cavity and is composed of the space
between the posterior teeth and cheeks of face
○ Bounded by cheeks laterally, the lips in front and teeth
medially
○ Posterior margin is the third molar - this space plays a role in
oral resonance when the mandible is depressed to expose it
and is involved in high pressure consonant production
Cavities of the Vocal Tract
● Pharyngeal
○ 3 named regions: Oropharynx, Laryngopharynx, Nasopharynx
○ Tube lined with muscle capable of constricting the size of the
tube to facilitate deglutition (swallowing) and this
musculature plays an important role in effecting closure of
velopharyngeal port
Cavities of the Vocal Tract
Cavities of the Vocal Tract
● Nasal
○ Nasal cavities are turbinates (bony structures inside nose)
covered with mucous membrane endowed with beating and
secreting epithelia as well as a rich vascular supply
○ Moisture in nasal mucosa and vascular supply of nasal tissue
serves to humidify and warm air as it enters the passageway
Cavities of the Vocal Tract
● Nasal
○ Beating epithelia propel encapsulated pollutants toward the
nasopharynx and slowly towards esophagus to be swallowed
○ Nares/nostrils mark the anterior boundaries of the nasal
cavities while the nasal choanae are the posterior portals
connecting the nasopharynx and nasal cavities
Cavities of the Vocal Tract
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BHfGgrVQ2P0
RICHARD MILLER!!!
Bye! See you next week.