TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC SƯ PHẠM HÀ NỘI 2

KHOA GIÁO DỤC MẦM NON

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BÀI TẬP LỚN

MÔN: PHƯƠNG PHÁP GIÁO DỤC KHOA HỌC CHO TRẺ MẦM NON

Topic 2: From the knowledge you have learned, please present the basic issues
of the principles of science education for preschool children; On that basis,
analyze the theme of Animals to determine the goals, content of science
education for preschool children and conversational methods in scientific
discovery on the topic of Animals? Give an example to illustrate a
conversation activity on the topic of Animals? (for 5 - 6 year olds)

Họ và tên sinh viên:

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Mã số sinh viên:

Hà Nội 2022
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Nội dung

A) Scientific principles of early childhood education

1. Principles of purpose assurance

- Each subject in preschool has different main goals, so it is necessary to determine

the main goal of the subject for children to learn about the surrounding
environment based on the common goals of the grade level.

- From there, determine the goals of the topics according to the children's ages and
build them into lesson goals and activity goals to guide children to explore science
about the surrounding environment.

2. Principles to ensure fitness

- The teaching content is suitable to the general abilities and cognitive level of the
children

- Pay attention to the individual development of each child to teach and ensure the
development of each child

3. The principle of ensuring practicality

- It is the selection of subject content suitable to actual physical conditions; At the

same time, teaching children to apply what they have learned into practice,
creating a close connection between theory and practice to ensure the effectiveness
of the teaching process.

- Guide children to learn and discover problems arising from real life

4. Principles of ensuring development

- Ensure the development of the number of objects for children to learn and learn:
at different ages, the number of objects that children study and learn about is
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different. Not only that, the number of object groups and the number of signs of
grouping and classifying also increased with age.

- Ensure the development of time for children to explore topics, lessons and
activities in the lesson: study time for children of all ages; The time teachers use,
change teaching methods, and change the nature of children's activities also vary
depending on the age and ability of the child.

- Ensure the development of properties of objects for children to learn: from visual,
abstract, easy to difficult, simple to complex, individual to general, close to open to
the world around

5. The principle of ensuring visibility

- It is the use of methods, visual aspects at the right time, in the right place, with a
purpose.

- Ensure the requirements of visual means: beautiful, safe, sufficiently stimulating,

suitable to the child's ability and cognitive level, suitable to the subject's
characteristics.

6. Principles of ensuring scientific and systematic character

- Although the knowledge taught to children is simple, it needs to be logically

arranged and easy to understand. The topics taught to children need to be built
according to the children's needs and interests in learning and discovering.

- It is necessary to ensure the accuracy and scientific nature of the knowledge to be

taught to children

B).Conversational method

1. Concept
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The conversational method is a way in which the teacher uses a system of

questions arranged in a logical sequence based on the child's experience to help
children learn and discover the content of the lesson.

2. Request

+ Requirements on how to ask

• Gentle, emotional, motivating

• Organized in many forms and intonations

• Praise for correct answer

• Ask a side question if answering is out of focus

• Correcting and correcting errors in expression and pronunciation

+ Inquiry about the question

• Consistent with the goal, content

• Concise, clear, easy to understand

• Matching cognitive ability

• Suitable, logical arrangement

• Stimulate children's curiosity

3. Process

+ prepare

• Determine the goal

• Define form

• Prepare the question system

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• Estimated time

• Planned location

• Anticipate the situation

4. Proceed

• Step 1: Stabilize the organization

• Step 2: Check knowledge

• Step 3: Question the system gives

• Step 4: present results, comments

C). Objective animal theme

- Children can compare to see the similarities and differences of close familiar
animals through some of their characteristics.

- Children know their benefits and harms to human life

- Know the simple relationship between animals and the living environment (food,
reproduction, movement, ...) of the animals.

- There are some simple skills on how to take care of animals that live in close
proximity

D).Animal theme content

1. Family Pets

- Children learn to name animals

- Features of the prominence, similarities and differences of some animals

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- The relationship between the structure of the animal with the living environment,
with movement, way of feeding

- Development process

- How to contact animals (safety) and maintain hygiene

- How to take care of and protect animals

- Benefit

2. Some animals live in the forest

- Names of different animals

- Distinctive features, similarities and differences of some animals

- Development process

- Benefits/harms of some animals

- The relationship between the living environment and the structure, movement,
call, food and habits of some animals

- The danger of extinction of some rare and precious animals that need to be
protected

3. Animals that live in the water

- Children learn to name animals

- Outstanding features, similarities and differences in (construction, habitat, food,

habits of foraging and self-defense ...)

- The relationship between structure and movement and living environment

- Benefit
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4. Insects- birds

- Children learn to name animals

- Characteristics, similarities and differences between some insects and birds in

terms of structure, color, movement, food, foraging habits

- Benefits (or harms)

- Protect (or destroy)

For example: conversation about fish

1. Prepare
- She prepares buckets and pots of water
- Can be different types of fish like perch, carp, goldfish or use pictures or photos
+ Determining the purpose: children know the characteristics, structure, living
environment, habits of foraging and self-defense, benefits
+ prepare questions and answers
Includes questions to test children's understanding and knowledge already and
questions to help children learn and explore the content of the lesson.
+ Estimated time: 7-10 minutes
+ Venue: in class
+ predict the situation to happen
2 proceed
Step 1: Stabilize the organization, create excitement
The teacher gives the children the answer to the fish puzzle and directs the children
to the conversation
Example: What is it, dear Tam
Golden rice, silver rice, feeding in the morning and afternoon
Children's answer: Goby fish
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What fish has a flat head with a beard?

My whole life hidden in the deep mud
Children's answers: Catfish
Step 2: Make requests and ask questions to test children's understanding
Teachers ask questions to test children's understanding
Example: Have we seen fish?
How do you see fish?
Like where do the fish live?
Step 2: The system asks questions and organizes discussions for children to learn
about objects.
The teacher organizes for children to discuss in groups about individuals. Each
group of 3 different fish for children to be able to identify
For example:
group 1: carp, group 2: goldfish, group 3 perch
Then, teachers will exchange with each other each structure formatting features,
such as:
+ What color is the carp?
+ What color is gold fish?
+ Are there any differences between the 3 types of fish?
+ What parts does a fish have?
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Tài liệu tham khảo

1, Hướng dẫn tổ chức thực hiện các hoạt động giáo dục trong trường mầm non theo
chủ đề (trẻ 5-6 tuổi), chủ biên Lê Thu Hương