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Module 1: Overview of Disaster

Risk Reduction
and Emergency
Management System
 Overview
• the emergency management system of the
national and local governments in preparedness
and response to adverse events and frequently
experienced disasters affecting the
communities.

• introduces the national and local guidelines,

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issuances and standards relevant to nutrition in

emergencies.
 Learning Objectives:
At the end of this module, the participants
should be able to:

• Explain the common terms in risk management,

• Discuss the establishment and adoption of

emergency management program in the
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country, and

• Identify national and local issuances relevant to

emergency management.
 Session 1.1
Common Terms, Characteristics
and Stages of Emergencies
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 Common Terms in Risk Management

• Hazard – Any potential threat to public safety

and/or public health

• Emergency – An actual threat to public safety

and/or public health
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• Disaster – Any actual threat to public safety

and/or public health where local government
and the emergency services are unable meet
the immediate needs of the community
 Common Terms in Risk Management
• Risks – Anticipated consequences of a specific
hazard interacting with a specific hazard in a
specific community (at a specific time)

• Vulnerabilities – Factors which increase the

risks arising from a specific hazard in a specific
community
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• Community – People, property, services,

livelihoods and environment i.e. the elements
exposed to hazards
 Characteristics and Stages of
Emergencies
Emergencies…

• defined as actual threats to public safety and/or

public health.
• can either be natural hazards like earthquakes
and typhoons and human-induced hazards like
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plane crash and oil spills.

• can also be slow occurring like droughts and
rapid occurring like volcanic eruptions.
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 Measurable characteristics of
emergencies

• Duration (short-term or acute, long-term or

chronic)

• Cause (natural, conflict-related, economic-

political, „complex‟)‫‏‬

• Impact (destruction of infrastructure,

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agricultural, health and social systems)

• Affected groups (internally displaced persons,

refugees, stable populations)‫‏‬

• Humanitarian response (large-scale response,

no response at all)‫‏‬
 Stages of emergencies
Early Emergency
• Period immediately following a disaster, lasting
from one to two days
• Characterized by stress, anxiety, shock where
food supply is cut-off; no productive labor is
possible and people are hungry but not starving
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Intermediate Emergency
• Transition period from initial start of disaster to
rehabilitation
• Conditions far from normal but the initial shock
is over
 Stages of emergencies

Extended Emergency
• Period after the worst is over
• Rehabilitation to near-normal conditions
takes place
• Families start to go back to their homes
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to continue their everyday life.

 SESSION 1.2
EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
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 Disaster and Management System

In response to the unfavorable effects

of different hazards and vulnerabilities,
the Philippine Disaster Risk
Reduction and Management System
was established.
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 Disaster and Management System

“Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction

and Management Act of 2010” or
R.A. 10121
• created the National Disaster Risk
Reduction and Management Framework
• establishes the National Disaster Risk
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Reduction and Management Plan

 National Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management Council (NDRRC)

• institutionalized body which was

established for emergency management
at the national level.

• tasked to develop the National Disaster

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Risk Reduction and Management

Framework as guide for disaster risk
reduction and management
 NDRRMC: the institutionalized body for risk
reduction and emergency management

DND Sec.

OCD

DILG DSWD DOST NEDA

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DOH DENR DA DEPED DOF PNRC

 NDRRM Network

NDRRMC

OCD

RDRRMCs

OCD
Regional
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Office
LDRRMCs

BDRRMCs
 Health Emergency Management
The DOH thru the Health Emergency
Management Staff (HEMS)

• established to prevent or minimize the loss of

lives and illnesses during emergencies and
disasters in collaboration with government,
business and civil society groups.
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 lead agency for formulating the health sector

response to emergencies and disasters. (EO
102, 1999).
 HEMS...

• Leads in the formulation of a comprehensive,

integrated and coordinated health sector
response to emergencies and disaster
• Ensures the development of competent,
dynamic, committed and compassionate health
emergency professionals equipped with the
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most modern facilities.

• Serves as the center of all health and health
related information on emergencies and
disasters.
 HEM Network

• 17 Centers for Health Development

• 71 DOH Hospital Network
• DOH Sentinel sites for disease surveillance
(ESUs in CHDs, Hospitals and LGUs)
• Health Sector
• Network with the academe
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• Network with professional organizations

• Public-private network
• Other stakeholders
 • At the provincial/city/municipal/barangay
levels, the health emergency
management network may engage
representatives from these offices or
sectors, such as health, social services,
schools, non-governmental organizations
and other stakeholders in the community
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 Health emergency strategies
• Policy/issuance development
• Facility upgrading
• Human resource development
• Service delivery
• Partnership building
• Systems development
• Health promotion and advocacy
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• Documentation of good practices/research

• Technical assistance
 SESSION 1.3
CLUSTER APPROACH
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 Cluster Approach
• Group of various organizations and stakeholders
working in an area of humanitarian response

• Addresses a number of gap areas at all times -

Nutrition, Water and Sanitation, Health, Camp
Coordination and Management, Emergency
Shelter, Protection, Logistics, Emergency
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Telecommunications; and Early Recovery.

 Institutionalization of Cluster Approach in the
PDRRMS, Designation of Cluster Heads and TOR

• Circular No. 5 is the legal basis for using the

Cluster Approach in the Philippines.

• In 2008, Memo No.12 was amended designating

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the Department of Health as the government

lead for WASH, Health, Nutrition and
Psychosocial Services.
 CLUSTER GOVERNMENT LEAD CO-LEAD
Food and NFIs Department of Social WFP
Welfare and
Development (DSWD)
Camp/IDP - do - IFRC/UN
Management, Habitat
Emergency Shelter and
Protection
Permanent Shelter and - do - IFRC/UN
Livelihood Habitat
WASH, Health, Department of Health WHO and
Nutrition and (DOH) UNICEF
Psychosocial
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Services
Logistics and Office of Civil Defense / WFP
Emergency NDCC Operations Center
Telecommunications

Education Department of Education UNICEF

Agriculture Department of FAO
Agriculture
Early Recovery Office of Civil Defense UNDP
 Functions of Cluster Heads
• Lead and coordinate
• Seek collaboration and comprehensiveness
• Application of standards
• Conducts health needs assessment
• Facilitate joint strategic and action plans
• Incorporate cross cutting issues in health, nutrition, water
and sanitation, mental health and psychosocial services
• Turn plans into action through leadership
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• Monitor and report

• Build local capacity
• Advocate and mobilize resources
• Be provider of last resort to ensure needs are met by
providing technical support and augmentation of
resources when needed
 Advantages of Cluster Approach

• Ensures more organized and effective response

• More strategic resource mobilization

• Clearly designated leads in each sector

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• Provides support for existing government

coordination structure and emergency response
mechanisms
 • Department Personnel Order 2007-2492
issued 30 August 2007 provided for the
“Creation of the Health Cluster with Sub-
Clusters on Nutrition, WASH and Health”
served as the legal mandate for the
creation of Nutrition Cluster as well as
other sub-clusters on WASH and Health.
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This order has been amended to

Department Personnel Order 2007-
2492A dated March 23, 2013.
 Nutrition Cluster

• a group of government, non-

governmental and international
humanitarian agencies that take
lead in nutrition management
during emergencies and disasters.
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It is led by DOH.
 Nutrition Cluster

• ensures that the nutritional status of

affected population especially the most
vulnerable groups will not worsen or
deteriorate due to the impact of
emergency and disaster through linking
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with other cluster/sector groups and

establishing capacities at all levels.
 Nutrition Cluster

• Conduct rapid nutritional assessment;

• Ensure timely and appropriate delivery of
nutrition interventions to affected population
particularly on the promotion and protection of
infant and young child feeding practices,
micronutrient supplementation, supplementary
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feeding, integrated management of acute

malnutrition and others;
• Ensure provision and distribution of
nutritionally adequate foods for the vulnerable
groups;
 • Conduct trainings and other various capacity
building activities related to nutrition;

• Provide nutrition counseling to affected

populations; and

• Establish and promote coordination,

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networking, planning, social mobilization,

advocacy, surveillance, monitoring, evaluation
and good reporting mechanisms within the
nutrition cluster.
 • NNC Governing Board Resolution No. 1 s.2009,
adopting the National Policy on Nutrition
Management in Emergencies and Disasters,
provides that the nutrition committee of
each LGU shall function as the local
nutrition cluster and in the context of
emergency management shall be considered a
sub-structure of the local disaster coordinating
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council.
• The local nutrition cluster should take charge of
nutrition management in emergencies and
disasters.
 Members of Nutrition Cluster
Government Organizations Cluster Partners
DOH-National Center for Disease Prevention United Nations Children‟s
and Control(Family Health Office) Fund
DOH-National Nutrition Council World Health Organization
DOH-National Center for Health Facility Action Against Hunger (ACF
Development International)
DOH-National Center for Health Promotion Save the Children
Department of Health - Food and Drug International
Administration (FDA) Plan International
DOST-Food and Nutrition Research Institute World Food Program
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Department of Social Welfare and Philippine Red Cross

Development (DSWD) - Disaster Risk Medecins Sans Frontieres
Reduction and Response Operations Office Child Fund
DSWD-Council for the Welfare of Children Merlin
Department of Interior and Local Government Helen Keller International
Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) World Vision
Department of Education (DepED) Arugaan
Commission on Higher Education (CHED)
 What is the Minimum Nutrition Service
Package during emergencies?

The Minimum Initial Service Package in

Emergencies and Disasters is the set of the
minimum public health services – from
promotive, preventive, diagnostic, and curative
– that has to be present or provided at the
beginning of any emergency or disaster that
responds to the initial needs of the community
and evacuation centers before external aid
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arrives. This should be available to every person

with the same need, regardless of their age,
gender or location.
 • In nutrition, the minimum service package
during emergencies includes a set of nutrition
services that provides for the nutritional
requirements of the general population and
vulnerable groups. This includes a range of
services and strategies from nutritional
assessment to provision of different nutrition
services to monitoring and evaluation of these
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services.
 Key Messages
• Philippines is prone to varied hazards and
vulnerabilities affecting the communities.

• The disaster risk reduction and management

councils are present at the national, regional
and local levels to manage disasters in their
respective areas.
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• The HEMS-DOH leads in the formulation of

comprehensive, integrated and coordinated
health sector response to emergencies and
disaster.
  R.A. 10121, or the Philippine Disaster Risk
Reduction Act of 2010 aims to strengthen the
capacity of the national government and the
LGUs together with partner stakeholders to
build the disaster resilience of communities.

• Cluster Approach brings together groups of

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various organizations and stakeholders working

in area of humanitarian response. It addresses
gap areas including nutrition, health and water
and sanitation.
 • The nutrition committee of each LGU shall
function as the local nutrition cluster and in the
context of emergency management shall be
considered a sub-structure of the local disaster
coordinating council.

• The minimum service package on nutrition

during emergencies includes a set of nutrition
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services that provides for the nutritional needs

of the general population and vulnerable groups
from nutritional assessment to provision of
nutritional interventions to monitoring and
evaluation of these services.
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THANK YOU!