PHILIPPINE NORMAL UNIVERSITY

National Center for Teacher Education

Mindanao
Multicultural Education
Prosperidad Agusan del Sur

2S-MSEX01

2BMSEE-II-AG-1
JANUARY 12, 2022
 :
Indigenous science provides a wealth of knowledge and a powerful
alternative paradigm by which we understand the natural world and our
relation to it. Embedded in cultural frameworks of respect, reciprocity,
responsibility and reverence for the earth, Indigenous science lies within a
worldview where knowledge is coupled to responsibility and human activity is
aligned with ecological principles and natural law, rather than against them.
We need both ways of knowing if we are to advance knowledge and
sustainability. We define 'indigenous' as people who have a long-standing and
complex relationship with their local environment, and'science' as a systematic
approach to acquiring knowledge of the natural world, then Indigenous
science is the process by which Indigenous people build their empirical
knowledge of their natural environment. Indigenous science, like Western
science, is the practical application of theories of knowledge about the nature
of the world, and Indigenous people are increasingly incorporating Western
scientific knowledge into their practices.

Like Western science (WS), Indigenous science (IS) relies upon direct
observation for forecasting and generating predictions; it’s power lies in its ability
to make connections and perceive patterns across vast cycles of space and
time. Indigenous scientists are trained in various specializations such as
herbalism, weather observations, mental health, and time keeping, and there
are tests to ensure IS validity. In general, Indigenous Knowledge does not meet
the criteria for science and is thus classified as a different type of knowledge. It is
critical to remember that there is no isolated system of knowledge in today's
world, and that all people's knowledge systems are constantly changing in
response to new knowledge. Indigenous science offers both key insights and
philosophical frameworks for problem solving that includes human values, which
are much needed as we face challenges such as climate change, sustainable
resource management, health disparities and the need for healing the
ecological damage we have done.
 Benefits of the Approved Medicinal Plants and
the Bioactive Metabolites Present

MEDICINAL MEDICAL USE BIOACTIVE

PLANTS METABOLITES
Akapulko Skin diseases such as Alkaloids, lectins,
eczema or pruritis, glycosides, and
(Cassia alata)
constipation, insect bites isoflavones.
and scabs, ringworm, and
can be used as an
ointment, shampoo, soap
and lotion

Ampalaya Coughs, hemorrhoids, Saponins, glycosides,

scalds and burns, phenolic constituents,
(Momordica
reducing agent in fasting other alkaloids, and 5-
charantia)
blood sugar, and hydroxytryptamine.
improvement of
tolerance in glucose
intake

Bawang Cuts, regulation of blood Alkaloids, flavanoids,

pressure, anti- saponins, protein, and
(Allium
inflammatory carbohydrates, tannins,
sativum)
supplement, and cardiac glycosides, and
controlling of level of reducing sugars,
cholesterol flavones, and flavonols.

Bayabas Cleaning wounds, anti- Phenolic compounds,

microbial, anti- isoflavonoids, gallic acid,
( Psidium
plasmodial, anti- catechin, epicathechin,
guajava)
inflammatory, rutin, naringenin,
antioxidant, anti- kaempferol ascorbic
genotoxic, cough and acid, carotenoids
cleansing of rectum (lycopene, β-carotene
and β-cryptoxanthin),
and glycosides.
Lagundi Cough, asthma, Phlobatannins,
pharyngitis, rheumatism, carbohydrates, tannins,
( Vitex
boils, diarrhea, and glycosides, volatile oils,
negundo)
dyspepsia resins, balsams,
flavonoids, and saponins.

niyog-niyogan Deworming, fever, painful Quisqualic acid,

urination, ulcer, anthelmintic tannins,
( Quisqualis
headache, diarrhea, anti- rutin, pelargonidin-3-
indica)
cancer, nephritis and glucoside, and 25-O-
rheumatism acetyl-23,24-dihydro-
cucurbitacin.

Sambong Kidney problems, Steroids or 2-

hypertension, cuts, deoxysugars, flavonoids,
( Blumea
infected wounds, tannins, polyphenyls, and
balsamifera)
diarrhea, rheumatism, alkaloids.
spasms, colds and
coughs, respiratory
infection, stomach pain
and improve urinary tract

tsaang gubat Skin allergies psoriasis, Microphyllone, baurenol,

itchiness, scabies, ursolic acid,
( Ehretia eczema, stomach ache dehydromicrophyllone,
microphylla) and abdominal pain, and hydroxymicrophyllone,
diarrhea cyclomicrophyllone, and
allomicro-phyllone
ulasimang bato Joint pain in arthritis Flavonoid compounds,
patient, and lowers the tannins, saponins,
( Peperomia uric acid level in blood steroids, monoterpenes,
pellucida) and sesquiterpene.
yerba Buena Cold, cough, insect bites, Tannins, carbonyls, and
headache and stress, flavonoids.
(Clinopodium body pain and aches
douglasii) due to gout and
rheumatism, nausea and
fainting
REFERENCE:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589377719300187
 Readings on articles related to the topic on
indigenous chemistry

Name of ASEAN Indigenous Uses Contribution to

COUNTRIES Chemistry (Process) Science
 Herbal perfumes How to make: Contribution to
Oud Darussalam SocialScience/Bioscience
- Brunei's culture In that sense, it is much like
mainly derived from Hailing from Brunei our old Hutan Kalimantan. Like
Darussalam, we present to I recently had the honor of being
the Old Malay World, the former, Oud Darussalam asked to work on the perfume to
a territory which you what is easily the was steam-distilled which gives
woodiest oud you'll ever be presented to the youngest
covered the Malay it a rich palette of scent notes. son of Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah
Archipelago. Brunei’s smell, Oud Darussalam. But it was extracted using a at the occasion of his upcoming
culture is therefore hybrid copper + stainless steel
This oil was extracted using wedding. With my increasingly
deeply rooted in its system, and the presence of
exactly the same setup as strengthening connection to the
Malay origins, which copper really did wonders in
are reflected in the Ahmwei-Do, which gives it a Brunei royal family, this really
making it very smooth, and it works out for Agar Aura. Brunei
nation’s language, rounded smoothness you exhaulted the most salient
architecture, don't usually find in oils from is one of the few countries
features of Brunei oud. where the felling of wild
ceremonies, and this part of the world. But Furthermore, Hutan Kalimantan agarwood trees is absolutely
customs governing for this oil, we decided to
daily life.
was extracted from East Borneo illegal - but when you have the
use steam for the extraction Malaccensis, which made it quite
concentration. instead of hydro-distillation, Sultan himself making an
an intense oil. On the other exception to the rule, what you
an absolutely crucial factor hand, Oud Darussalam was
in our opinion for capturing get is 100% legally-harvested
extracted from Microcarpa, and raw material, and (more
the soul of Brunei oud. the 'king' has a reputation for importantly) access to jungles
his pleasantness. Pleasant it possessing old-growth
may be, but this is possibly the agarwood trees. When agarwood
strongest oud you'll ever smell - poachers get caught in these
super silage and mind-boggling particular jungles (near the
longevity. borders of Miri and Bintulu), the
punishment is swift and severe:
a bullet in the skull.
How to make:
 ORGANIC MORINGA How to make moringa oil Contribution to
- Cambodia is a @ BACA-VILLA 2. Start by picking FoodScience/Bioscience
Southeast Asian moring leaves from the stem,
nation whose rinse the leaves to get rid of
landscape spans
sand or debris.
low-lying plains, the Cold-pressed retain healthy
3. Spread out the leaves
Mekong Delta, antioxidants that are otherwise
on a flat surface and place it
mountains and Gulf damaged by being exposed to
of Thailand coastline.
in the sun to drain off the
heat. … Most cold-pressed oils
Phnom Penh, its water because you don’t need
Cold-Pressed-seeds-Oils-at- are rich in vitamin E, which has
capital, is home to water to ruin your oil.
BCVL-Cambodia moringa oil anti-inflammatory and healing
the art deco Central 4. Transfer the leaves
benefits to biosciences properties. They are also rich
Market, glittering into a small bowl or jar and fill
- Moringa oil is very sources of oleic acid that help
Royal Palace and the it with olive or coconut oil,
 National Museum's effective for hair
historical and growth; it is a toxic-
archaeological free oil that serves as
exhibits. a base for skincare
and hair care
products. Moringa oil is
a rich source of
vitamins, amino acids,
and minerals; it helps
to improve and
maintain hair strands
Reference: and promote growth.
https://baca-
villa.com/cold-pressed-
oils/cambodia-
approved-cold-pressed-
oils/
 Palm oil Essencials
- Indonesia, officially Palm oil is a superior
the Republic of ingredient for making good
Indonesia is a quality balms, creams,
country in Southeast salves, lipsticks and many
Asia and Oceania other cosmetic products. It
grapeseed oil to slightly cover
them.
5. Add some water to a
pan and place on the stovetop,
let the water be halfway in the
pan, or just enough to heat up
the oil.
6. Bring the bowl
containing the oil and moringa
leaves into the pan of water
and allow it to heat up
together with the water.
7. As soon as the oil
begins to heat up, stir with a
spoon to distribute the heat to
the entire bowl. Boil the
content for 25 to 30 minutes
on medium heat.
8. Once you notice the
color of the oil changing and
the leaves are fully infused
into the oil, put off heat and
take out the oil from the
water.
9. Let the oil cool down
completely, strain it into a
new jar, and discard the
leaves. You can add in a few
drops of essential oil and
vitamin E oil if you prefer.
Store your moringa oil in a clean
jar with a fitting lid and use it on
your hair, and skin when needed.
- - Repairs skin from
How to make:
Refined palm oil is made by
bleaching, deodorizing, and
neutralizing crude palm oil.
People use palm oil for
boost your immune system.
Cold-pressed Oils are less
energy than other oil extraction
techniques and also
environmental friendly.
It has also an environmentally
friendly use with no solvents. In
other words, cold-press
extraction does not involve
either heat or chemical
extraction.
These oils have better nutritive
properties than refined oils.
The cold-pressed oils can add to
food as natural antioxidative
additives due to phytochemicals
and as fatty acid supplements
due to invaluable double bond
fatty acid.
The demand for natural oils
continues to increase for the
cosmetics and food industries.
 Cold-pressed oils retain
all their taste, aroma
and nutritional value,
making these oils
excellent for cooking
and skin care needs
Benefits of Moringa Oil
- It provides a protective
barrier for your skin. ...
damage caused by
pollution. ...
- It works as an anti-aging
oil. ...
- It brings out the natural
glow of your skin. ...
- It fights acne, helps in
getting rid of dark spots:
...
- It cleanses and
rejuvenates your skin: ...
- It nourishes dry skin.
Contribution to
Artscience/Bioscience
Palm oil contains saturated and
unsaturated fats. Some types of
between the Indian has no scent or taste, preventing and treating
and Pacific oceans. produces a creamy texture, vitamin A deficiency. It is also
It consists of over keeps products moist, binds used for malaria, heart
17,000 islands, ingredients together and disease, cancer, and many
including Sumatra, extends shelf life. other conditions, but there is
Sulawesi, Java, and no good scientific evidence to
parts of Borneo and support these other uses.
New Guinea.
Palm oil derives from the fruit
of the oil palm that is grown in
the humid tropics. Currently,
85% of all palm oil produced
globally comes from
plantations and smallholders
in Indonesia and Malaysia.
Farmers and workers
harvest fresh fruit bunches
throughout the year and bring
their fruit to an extractor where
the palm fruit is processed into
crude palm oil. The palm kernel
is processed into palm kernel
oil. Palm oil and palm kernel oil
are further processed into
derivatives, including
ingredients for the cosmetic
market.
palm oil contain vitamin E and
beta-carotene. These types of
palm oil might have antioxidant
effects. Oil palm is a very
efficient oil crop with a high
yield per hectare compared to,
for example, coconut, olive,
sunflower or soy oil crops that
are also used to make cosmetic
products. In its essence, palm
oil is a sustainable crop. With
the use of palm oil we can
produce good quality balms,
creams, salves, lipsticks and
many other cosmetic products.
It has no scent or taste,
produces a creamy texture,
keeps products moist, binds
ingredients together and
extends shelf life.

 Coffee How to make:

- Laos is a Southeast Laos produces two main
Asian country types of coffee: Robusta and
traversed by the Arabica. Robusta is mainly
Mekong River and used for regular coffee as
known for well as a typical coffee drink
mountainous terrain, in Laos where it is
French colonial sweetened with condensed
architecture, hill tribe milk. The latter, Arabica, is of
settlements and a higher quality due to its
Buddhist
mild taste, and it is used for
monasteries. espresso. For the 20,000
Vientiane, the
tons of coffee that Laos
capital, is the site of
produces a year, 5,000 tons
the That Luang
are Arabica beans and
monument, where a
15,000 tons are Robusta.
reliquary reportedly
houses the Buddha’s
Most farmers in Laos would
be earning a significantly
breastbone, plus the
Patuxai war lower income if they were to
produce common crops such
memorial and Talat
as soy, rice, corn, etc.
Sao (Morning
However, coffee production
Market), a complex
allows them to earn a salary
jammed with food,
clothes and craft that is sufficient to educate
stalls. their families. Coffee also
serves as Laos' main export
commodity.
The Arabica beans produced
in Laos “are known for their
medium body and a
combination of mild citrus and
floral tones.” Laos produces
Robusta coffee at high
altitudes (1300 m.a.s.l.) unlike
other countries. 95% of its
coffee is harvested in the
Bolaven Plateau. Coffee is
Laos’ fifth largest export
product. The Bolaven Plateau,
where coffee was first
planted in Laos during the
French colonial times, is the
primary region of production
for Laos. Several species
were planted +including
Arabica, Robusta, and Liberica
A coffee bean is actually a seed.
When dried, roasted and ground,
it's used to brew coffee. If the
seed isn't processed, it can be
planted and grow into a coffee
tree. Planting often takes place
during the wet season, so that
Contribution to
Foodscience/Bioscience
Coffee is a popular beverage
that researchers have studied
extensively for its many health
benefits, including its ability to
increase energy levels, promote
weight management, enhance
athletic performance, and
protect against chronic disease.
Without adenosine, other
neurotransmitters can get to
work. “Caffeine is a central
nervous system stimulant,” says
Dr. Robertson. “It causes us to
be more alert, awake and
increases concentration.” When
caffeine finally wears off, it
allows the adenosine—that's
been accumulating all this
time—to come rushing back in.
Laos is one of the few countries
in the world able to boast about
its high quality coffee beans,

 Palm oil-
- Malaysia is a Biodiesel
Southeast Asian Malaysia is currently the
world’s largest exporter and
country occupying
the second largest producer
parts of the Malay
Peninsula and the (after Indonesia) of crude
island of Borneo. It's palm oil (CPO) (Hoh 2009).
known for its In 2009, Malaysia produced
beaches, rainforests 17.6 million tonnes of CPO
and mix of Malay, (Basri 2010). Malaysia’s palm
Chinese, Indian and
oil industry is the fourth
European cultural largest. The high global
influences. The
demand for palm oil is driven
capital, Kuala
by its wide variety of uses,
Lumpur, is home to
such as cooking oil, food
colonial buildings,
additive, industrial lubricant,
busy shopping
districts such as Bukit cosmetics ingredient and
most recently as a feedstock
Bintang and
skyscrapers such as in biodiesel production
(MPOC 2007). Diesel fuel is
the iconic, 451m-tall
Petronas Twin Towers. required to reduce the
sulphur concentration as
sulphur provides the most
lubricity of fuel. This is
important when it comes to
keeping the engine properly
functioning and to avoid
premature infection failure.
Biodiesel is a domestically
produced, clean- burning,
renewable substitute for
petroleum diesel.
the soil remains moist while the
roots become firmly
established..
How to make:
Biodiesel is a fuel typically
made from soybean, canola,
or other vegetable oils; animal
fats; and recycled grease. It
can serve as a substitute for
petroleum-derived diesel or
distillate fuel. For EIA
reporting, it is a fuel
composed of mono-alkyl
esters of long chain fatty
acids derived from vegetable
oils or animal fats, designated
B100, and meeting the
requirements of ASTM
(American Society for Testing
materials) D 6751
Biodiesel is made through a
chemical process called
transesterification whereby
the glycerin is separated from
the fat or vegetable oil. The
process leaves behind two
products – methyl esters and
glycerin.
Methyl esters is the chemical
name for biodiesel and glycerin
is used in a variety of products,
including soap.A majority of
biofuel that is used for heating
is substantial. As wood is the
most practical method to heat,
houses that use wood burning
stoves rather than gas or
electricity. A blend of biodiesel
will reduce the emission of both
nitrogen and sulphur dioxide.
production serves as much
more than a simple bragging
right. Not only can your daily
cup of joe help you feel more
energized, burn fat and improve
physical performance, it may
also lower your risk of several
conditions, such as type 2
diabetes, cancer and
Alzheimer's and Parkinson's
disease. In fact, coffee may even
boost longevity. The coffee
industry proves to be vital to
Laos' economy and its standard
of living.
Contribution to Bioscience
Using biodiesel as a vehicle fuel
improves air quality and the
environment, increases energy
security, and provides safety
benefits. Lower emissions by
using biodiesel. Combustion of
biodiesel alone provides over a
90% reduction in total unburned
hydrocarbons (HC), and a 75–
90% reduction in polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).
Biodiesel further provides
significant reductions in
particulates and carbon
monoxide than petroleum diesel
fuel. As biofuel is known as an
alternative to diesel fuel, there
are other uses. Many assume
that the material is used just for
transportation.
In addition to producing fuel for
transportation, fuel cells have a
power-generating application
that is available for electricity.
Biofuel can be used to generate
power in backup systems where
emission matters most. This
includes facilities such as
schools, hospitals and other
forms located in residential
areas.
Biofuel is known to be
environmentally-friendly, biofuel
can also help to clean up oil
spills and grease. It has been
 tested to work as a potential
cleaning agent for areas where
crude oil contaminated the
waters.

 Thanaka
- Myanmar (formerly cosmetics
Burma) is a Southeast Women, men, and children of
Asian nation of more all backgrounds wear
than 100 ethnic thanaka, a pale yellow paste
groups, bordering made from pulverized tree
India, Bangladesh, bark that is painted artfully
China, Laos and or daubed carelessly onto
Thailand. Yangon their faces. Unlike modern
(formerly Rangoon), industrial cosmetics,
the country's largest thanaka is not meant to be
city, is home to subtle, to hide flaws or
bustling markets, accentuate features. It is a
numerous parks and
sun-bright symbol of health
lakes, and the
and beauty. It blazes on
towering, gilded
millions of cheeks and
Shwedagon Pagoda,
foreheads for all to see.
which contains
Wizened old farmers in
Buddhist relics and
Myanmar slap on thanaka.
dates to the 6th
Young clerks at urban
century. In
boutiques draw stylized
Myanmar, or Burma,
patterns across their skin
this ancient human
with the paste. Children
impulse for self-
beautification march to school with
remains on bold thanaka smeared, hastily,
display everywhere. onto their faces by mothers.
It has a fragrant scent
somewhat similar to
sandalwood.
How to make:
Contribution to
Thanaka gives a cooling Artscience/Bioscience
sensation and provides
protection from sunburn. It is
believed to help remove acne
Thanaka (H. crenulata, N.
and promote smooth skin. It is
crenulata, L. acidissima L.) is a
also an anti-fungal. Thanaka can
common tree in Southeast Asia
be used as a face mask, a face
used by the people of Myanmar
wash, as a cleanser, a safe
to create their distinctive face
talcum powder alternative and
makeup meant for daily sun
as an ingredient in cosmetic
protection and skincare.
formulas such as for skin
Moreover, it is used as a
foundation, skin lighteners,
traditional remedy to treat
sunscreens, treating hyper
various diseases since it can
pigmentation, insect repellents,
also be applied as an insect
soaps, deodorants and for itchy
repellent. In this systematic
skin. The creamy paste is
review, the chemical and
applied to the face in attractive
biological properties of Various
designs, the most common form
extracts of Thanaka comprise a
being a circular patch on each
significant number of bioactive
cheek, nose, sometimes made
compounds that include
stripey with the fingers known
antioxidant, anti-ageing, anti-
as thanaka bè gya, or patterned
inflammatory, anti-melanogenic
in the shape of a leaf, often also
and anti-microbial properties.
highlighting the bridge of the
More importantly, Thanaka
nose with it at the same time. It
exhibits low cytotoxicity towards
may be applied from head to toe.
human cell lines. The use of
The active ingredients of
natural plant materials with
thanaka are coumarin and
various beneficial biological
marmesin. Thanaka cream is
activities have been commonly
made by grinding the bark,
replacing artificial and synthetic
wood, or roots of a thanaka tree
chemicals for health and
with a small amount of water on
environmental reasons as
a circular slate slab called kyauk
natural plant materials offer
pyin, which has a channel
advantages such as antioxidant,
around the rim for the water to
antibacterial qualities while
drain into.
providing essential nourishment
to the skin.

 Orchid Perfume How to make:

Singapore, officially As orchid is the national
the Republic of flower of Singapore, it would
Singapore, is a make sense to purchase an
sovereign island city- orchid-infused perfume as a
state in maritime souvenir for your loved
Southeast Asia. ones. By carefully crafting
exquisite aromas using a
blend of native orchid
To make your own orchid-
scented perfume, all you need to
do is boil the orchid petals in
water for 2 hours then let it
cool, strain it with the
cheesecloth, and place it in a
container. Orchids are used in
Contribution to
Artscience/Bioscience
Scientifically speaking, the smell
a flower emits is intended to
attract insects and birds that
will fertilize the flowers,
according to the Smithsonian.
 varieties, Singapore medicine as well – herbal Plants rely on pollinating
Memories perfectly captures extracts of orchids help with animals, including insects, birds
the scent of Singapore in many medical conditions such and bats, to transfer pollen from
elegant bottles. Featuring as hypertension, migraine, flower to flower to fertilize
male, female, and unisex allergies, headache, and them.
fragrances, their beautiful cramps. The orchid perfume Orchids tend to obtain their
collection with captivating note can be described as nourishment from the air, rain
names like Aranda 1965, One flowery, powdery, and vanilla- or moisture in the soil. ... During
Degree North, Orchids By like. this period, the fungi grow
The Bay, The Orient, and In the wild, orchids' scents partly inside orchid roots,
Vanda 1981 promises to help the plants attract helping the plant to absorb
please anyone with the right pollinators. Often an orchid's water and minerals. The orchid
scent that suits their scent is tailored for a specific “repays” the fungi by producing
personal taste. pollinator: some genera (e.g. some nutrients during
Orchids are highly Ophyrs and Chiloglottis) have photosynthesis that help the
adapted to their fragrances that mimic bees' and fungi to survive.
environments, which is wasps' pheromones.
reflected in the fact that
most species of orchids
have co-adapted with their
pollinators to exhibit flowers
that are shaped, colored,
and scented to attract a
specific species of insect or
bird. This explains why an
orchid species like Orphrys
exaltata, which is pollinated
by male bees, carries a
sweet scent that mimics
female bee pheromones, and
why an orchid species like
Bulbophyllum graveolens,
which is pollinated by
carrion flies, smells like
rotting meat. Fortunately for
human noses, though, most
cultivated orchids smell
pleasant, with odors that
span the range of fruity,
floral, and all other notes in
between.

How to make:
 Snail Oil Essentials Contribution to Bioscience:
Thailand is a It helps to stimulate the
Southeast Asian have become fast movers in formation of collagen and
the Thai beauty business, The snail mucin aids human's
country. It's known elastin, protect skin from free
and are being raised on skin by hydrating, preventing
for tropical beaches, radicals, soothe skin, repair
opulent royal farms to harvest the slimy, ageing, improving wrinkles,
damaged tissues and restore
palaces, ancient nutrient-rich mucus on scars, treating dry skin and
hydration. It can be used to
ruins and ornate which they travel for use in stretch marks. It also helps
treat dry skin, wrinkles and
temples displaying cosmetics, medicines, and stimulate the formation of
stretch marks, acne and
figures of Buddha. In other skin products. collagen and elastin, protects
rosacea, age spots, burns,
Bangkok, the capital, According to Skin expert your skin from free radicals,
scars, razor bumps and even
an ultramodern dermatologist and Lead soothes your skin, repairs
flat warts. Used since antiquity,
 cityscape rises next Advisor for Brazilian Skin, Dr snail slime has many very damaged tissues and restores
to quiet canalside Andrea Godoy, when snails beneficial properties for the hydration. Anti-stretch mark
communities and the are placed under mild stress skin – it stimulates skin repair essential Snail oil gets rid of
iconic temples of conditions, they excrete a and healing while protecting the stretch marks Increases
Wat Arun, Wat Pho thick fluid to protect skin, has anti-ageing properties protective function of the skin
and the Emerald themselves. and promotes suppleness, Reduces stretch marks Effect:
Buddha Temple (Wat The snail mucin aids human’s moisturisation and the skin´s collagen contained in snail
Phra Kaew). Nearby
skin by hydrating, preventing radiance. extract helps to get rid of
beach resorts
ageing, improving wrinkles, stretch marks and cellulite, to
include bustling
scars, treating dry skin and increase the elasticity of the
Pattaya and
fashionable Hua Hin.
stretch marks. It also helps skin, nourishes skin, prevents
stimulate the formation of the appearance of stretch
collagen and elastin, marks .
protects your skin from free
radicals, soothes your skin,
repairs damaged tissues and
restores hydration. Beyond
the treatment of
moisturizing and healing
your skin, SSF also has anti-
ageing properties.
The slimy gel-like trail
mucus is incredibly multi-
functional, helping a snail to
have a smooth scootch along
a rough surface, distract
predators, recognize other
snails for reproduction and
find its way home. A thicker
more elastic version of this
slime helps them adhere to
surfaces--and thus crawl up
walls or your favorite potted
plant, for example. Finally,
another version of snail
slime exudes from the body
of the snail itself as a type of
protectant and increases
when the snail is under
distress. It is this last
version that is most typically
used in cosmetics.

 Rượu Nếp Cẩm How to make:

Vietnam is a (Sticky Rice Wine) Contribution to
Southeast Asian Wash and rinse rice and black FoodScience/Bioscience:
country known for its Drinking the hard stuff in raisins and keep it aside.
beaches, rivers, Vietnam is for the most part Take a clean big ceramic jar or
Buddhist pagodas considered a man's domain. May boost immunity and
a glass jar. Add in all
and bustling cities. Rice wine, which clocks in at metabolism.
ingredients, rice, raisins, sugar
Hanoi, the capital, around 29.5% alcohol, is the The presence of lactic acid and
followed by water. Stir it well
pays homage to the traditional masculine tipple bacteria in rice wine makes it a
with a wooden ladle.
nation’s iconic and drinking it is a social probiotic, thereby promoting
Next add in yeast and lemon
Communist-era activity (a very social stomach health.
juice and mix well.
leader, Ho Chi Minh, activity). Anticancer potential.
Cover the jar with its lid.
 via a huge marble Everyday stir it well for 2 May serve as an anti-bacterial
mausoleum. Ho Chi minutes in morning and evening. substance.
Minh City (formerly Do it for the next eighteen days. May help slow down the signs of
Saigon) has French On the 19th day open the jar and aging and protect against the
colonial landmarks, filter it (you can use a muslin harmful effects of UV rays.
plus Vietnamese War cloth, I didn’t use) to a clean big
history museums and bowl.
the Củ Chi tunnels,
Wash the jar and allow it for pat
used by Viet Cong
drying.
soldiers.
Transfer the filtered content to
the jar back and close the lid.
Keep it for another week.
You can see the colour changing
from the next day onwards.
After the said period, transfer it
to clean bottles and you can
start using it.
The rice wine is ready to serve.

 Bahalina, How to make: Contribution to

The Philippines,
officially the Republic
of the Philippines, is
sometimes called "coconut red
an archipelagic wine", is a
country in Southeast traditional Filipino palm
Asia. It is situated in
wine made
the western Pacific
Ocean, and consists
from fermented coconut or nip
a palm sap. It is derived
of about 7,640
from tubâ (palm toddy) that
islands, that are
broadly categorized has been aged for several
months to several years. It
under three main
geographical originates from
the Visayas and Mindanao islan
divisions from north
ds of the southern Philippines.
to south: Luzon,
It is deep brown-orange in
Visayas, and
Mindanao. color and has a slightly bitter
astringent taste. Coconut
vinegar has a cloudy, white
appearance and a slightly
milder taste than apple cider
vinegar. It can add a touch of
sweetness to salad dressings,
marinades, soups and warm
dishes.
- To make bahalina,
however, the bahal is
filtered with cloth to
remove the sediments
(laog) and then transferred
to a new jug. This is
repeated daily for three
months to ensure that
bahalina does not ferment
into coconut vinegar.
It’s made from the sap of the
flowers of coconut trees. This
sap ferments for 8–12 months,
naturally turning into vinegar.

FoodScience/Bioscience:
Coconut vinegar is a staple in
Southeast Asian and Indian
cuisine that is rapidly gaining
popularity in the West.
It is claimed to offer a range of
health benefits, including weight
loss, improved digestion, a
stronger immune system and a
healthier heart. However, not all
benefits are supported by
research.
1. Contains Probiotics,
Polyphenols and
Nutrients
2. 2. May Lower Blood
Sugar and Help Fight
Diabetes
3. 3. May Reduce Hunger
and Help You Lose
Weight
4. 4. May Improve Heart
Health
5. 5. May Improve
Digestion and
Immunity. Coconut
vinegar contains
probiotics and acetic
acid — both of which
may contribute to a
healthy digestion. It
may also provide some
immune-boosting
nutrients, but more
research is needed to
confirm this.
 :
Indigenous science is important that it helped the people in
understanding the natural environment and in coping with everyday life. How
the traditional ways makes much exciting memories more than using
machineries and technologies. I could say, “the indigenous ways we had before
brought an impact to the lives we are living now” I'm learning and
comprehending more about nature, life, and how God supplies all we need to
survive as we progress through the Indigenous Science course 2S-MSEX01. The
subject itself taught me a lot about native plants and how to use them not just
to treat illness but also to start a company. I have a lot of realizations gathered now,
as I worked on our FLA 6, which is a DOH-approved list of ten medicinal plants,
who would have thought that we’re already slowly curing our illnesses just by eating the
common foods/ vegetables we have at home. It’s refreshing to learn new things that
are helpful to us.

I admit that our following exercise, which was about indigenous chemistry
and its contribution to science in several ASEAN countries, was a bit of a
challenge for me because it wasn't easy to find papers regarding indigenous
chemistry in some of the countries we were given. However, when I browsed
and read articles, I was astounded by how these countries' governments
embraced their culture, as well as indigenous people and their traditional rituals.
Take, for example, how Indonesia and Malaysia are able to sell palm oil to the
rest of the globe, and apart from these countries, Thailand and Brunei attracted
my curiosity, notably Thailand's transformation of snails from a pest to a helpful
resource for humanity. Making cosmetics out of snail slime is an evolutionary
sound idea, particularly for tropical regions where snails are an issue in
agriculture. Agarwood is used to make perfume in Brunei. It's the first time I've
heard that wood can be used to make perfume. Most of the perfume I knew
was created from flowers, and I had no idea that agarwood could be used as a
perfume. Myanmar has also piqued my interest. Using thanaka, a tree bark-
based face cream, was not only customary for them, but also good to their
health. It was fascinating and enjoyable to learn about the indigenous chemistry
of ASEAN countries from medicinal plants. The Vietnam and Philippines
somehow shares similarities with the native products cause, the wine made by
two different ingredients’ just fascinating, I’ve had my taste of the coconut wine
of the Philippines but the rice wine of Vietnam’s quite interesting. It broadened
my horizons and dispelled several myths about the beauty and health
advantages of plants that we don't give enough recognition or importance to.
Indigenous science is crucial to study and comprehend since it can help to cure
illness in a healthy way.

Our indigenous knowledge is simple and practical. It links the survival of

every human being to the wholeness of nature and its elements that support life.
It provides the concrete situations of communities in relation with the
environment and provides practical solutions to the problems of the people.
Indigenous/Traditional knowledge defines a worldview of people and provides
direction for their survival socially, economically, politically and spiritually. It
explains the evolution of cultural behaviors that resulted from the efforts of
people to adjust to their environment. In cases where the people have failed to
resolve particular problems, the same became an opportunity for them to gain
deeper understanding of the human situations. Indigenous/Traditional
knowledge deals with simple but applied education, economics, politics,
religion, sciences and technologies of indigenous societies. This knowledge is
basic but provides a rich ground for the development of the modern society.
The key significance of Indigenous/Traditional knowledge is the development of
peoples’ capability to understand the world in a very simple manner as
understanding the human self. The fact that people has survived for generations
since the beginning of time, is a simple reason why this kind of knowledge
cannot be simply undermined.

https://www.agaraura.com/darussalam.html

https://theexoticbean.com/blog/coffee-types/iced-condensed-milk-spices-
how-coffee-is-prepared-in-southeast-asia/

https://www.cifor.org/publications/pdf_files/WPapers/WP64CIFOR.pdf

https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-thailand-snails-idUKKCN1IJ0WG

https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/article/myanmar-everyone-
natural-skin-cosmetic-thanaka

https://boisdejasmin.com/2019/02/scented-orchids-a-kaleidoscope-of-
perfume.html

https://asef.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Creative-Resource-Guide-
Cambodia_Laos-1.pdf
https://www.gcimagazine.com/ingredients/regulatory/article/21849230/palm-
oil-in-cosmetics-part-1-of-3