Worksheet 3

If each of the following is intending to make an argument, what is the implied conclusion? Be
sure and put the argument in standard form.

1. Women provide two-thirds of the world’s work hours. Women produce 44

percent of the world’s food supply. Women receive 10 percent of the world’s
income. Women own 1 percent of the world’s property.
(Marilyn French, Beyond Power , 1985)

To me this sounds like feminism in a sort of way. An area in which women want equal rights. So,
the implied conclusion to this would “the distribution of income and property is not equal to
those of men. It is unfair. Women are important just as men.”

1-Women provide two thirds of the worlds work hours

2- Women provide two-thirds of the world’s work hours.
Women produce 44 percent of the world’s food supply. Women
receive 10 percent of the world’s income. Women
3- Women receive 10 percent of the world’s income. 4-. Women
own 1 percent of the world’s property.

2. Astrology is both descriptive in that it purports to describe a person’s personality

based on time of birth and predictive in that it purports to foretell what sort of day,
week, month, or year a person is going to have. However, consider a hundred people
who were born at exactly the same time: surely they do not all have the same personality
—they have not had the same life experiences. Further, given their differing personalities
and given their differing life experiences, surely they will not all have the same sort of
day, week, month, or year.
The implied conclusion is that “Just because one tends to be born on the same day,
month, year, time, or month does not imply the same outcome”
1- Astrology is both descriptive in that it purports to describe a person’s personality based on
time of birth and predictive in that it purports to foretell what sort of day, week, month, or year
a person is going to have.

3. Most chickens are not stunned before their throats are slit, in the UnitedStates.
Their heads are passed through an electrically charged water bath that immobilizes
them but doesn’t render them unconscious. Then they have their throats cut and are
dumped into a scalding tank of boiling water (to remove feathers), often while they are
still conscious.
The implied conclusion can be “Stop eating meat”. To me this is a view in which many
Vegans take a stand of why they go vegan.

1- Their heads are passed through an electrically charged water bath that
immobilizes them but doesn’t render them unconscious

2 - Then they have their throats cut and are dumped into a scalding tank of boiling water
(“Murder King: The Fast-Food Giant’s
Shameful Record,” Animal Times , 2000)

4. Nancy Henley, psychologist and author of Body Politics , has written, “In away
so accepted and so subtle as to be unnoticed even by its practitioners and recipients,
males in couples will often literally push a woman everywhere she is to go—the arm
from behind, steering around corners, through doorways,
into elevators, onto escalators . . . crossing the street. It is not
necessarily heavy and pushy or physical in an ugly way; it is light and gentle but firm,
in the way of most confident equestrians with the best-trained horses.” . . . Steering
and leading are prerogatives of those in command.
(Susan Brownmiller, Femininity , 1984)

The implied conclusion is that the “male in a relationship is in command”.

1- males in couples will often literally push a woman everywhere she is to go—the arm
from behind

2- Steering and leading are prerogatives of those in command

5. In 48 states, daycare for a four-year-old costs more than tuition at a
fouryearpublic college.
(Mother Jones , November/December 2004)

The implied conclusion for this one would be “Wow”. This is more of a statement/fact.

1- daycare for a four-year-old costs more than tuition at a four year public college.

6. Schools should serve national economic needs, and a lot of the courses taughtin
school today—history, geography, literature, phys-ed, music—we don’t have
jobs for that, the marketplace needs people to fill jobs in computers and
telemarketing. We’re also going to need a lot of people to work in nursing
homes, because the baby boomers are getting old.
The implied conclusion for this would be “Learn a in demand major”.

1- We don’t have jobs for history, geography, literature, phys-ed, music.

2- We’re also going to need a lot of people to work in nursing homes, because the baby
boomers are getting old.
3- The marketplace needs people to fill jobs in computers and telemarketing

7. Pigs can fly. John is a pig.

 If we read this carefully one can jump into a conclusion. As I read and reread again, now I can’t
tell if John is a pig or if john is being compared to a pig. Maybe John is human maybe he’s
actually a pig named john. Pigs can fly can mean anything at this point.

1-Pigs can fly

8. Since 2002, the average price of gasoline in the United States has increased35.2
percent. Since 2002, the average consumption of gasoline by Americans per
capita has not changed.
(U.S. Department of Energy/Harper’s research,
Harper’s Index , January 2005)

The implied conclusion is “Americans use a lot of gas and oil must be less available”

1-. Since 2002, the average price of gasoline in the United States has increased 35.2
percent.
2- Since 2002, the average consumption of gasoline by Americans per capita has not changed

9. By staying in this country, you’re saying you agree with its laws. So if youdon’t like
them, well . . .

The implead conclusion is “You should leave this country if you don’t like the laws”

1-. By staying in this country, you’re saying you agree with its laws

10. The purpose of marriage is family. And homosexuals can’t have kids!

The implied conclusion is “If you want kids don’t be homosexual”

1- The purpose of marriage is family

Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
2- homosexuals can’t have kids!