Environmental Science – Chapter 4 Vocabulary Assignment

Thomas Malthus developed the Malthusian theory of

Thomas Malthus and population growth in which he wrote that population
1
population growth growth occurs exponentially, so it increases according to
birth rate.
The low wages of the capitalist system do not give
workers this incentive to decrease their fertility and the
Karl Marx and
2 population growth further increases the labor supply and
population growth
depresses wages. Thus, overpopulation is a normal
characteristic of capitalism.
It says that our environmental impacts (I) are the product
of our population size (P) times affluence (A) and the
3 I = PAT formula
technology (T) used to produce the goods and services we
consume.
An estimate of our individual and collective
environmental impacts. It is usually calculated and
4 Ecological footprint
expressed as the area of bioproductive land required to
support a particular lifestyle.
The statistica study of human populations relating to
growth rate, age structure, geographic distribution, etc,
5 Demography
and their effects on social, economic and environmental
conditions.
The number of births per thousand persons in a given year
6 Crude birth rate
(using the midyear population).
The number of children born to an average woman in a
7 Total feritlity rate
population during her entire reproductive life.
It occurs when births plus immigration in a population
Zero population
8 just equal deaths plus emigration. It takes several
growth
generations of replacement-level fertilize to reach ZPG.
The number of children per couple needed to maintain a
stable population. Because of early deaths, inferlity, and
9 Replacement rate
nonreproducing individuals, this is usually about 2.1
children per couple.
Population A potential for increased popualtion growth as
10
momentum youngmembers reach reproductive age.
The number of deaths oer thousand persons in a given
11 Crude death rate
year, also called crude mortality rate.
The average age that a newborn infant can ve expected to
12 Life expectancy
attain in any given society.
 The disability Ajusted Life Years, a measure of disease
13 DALY’S burden that combines premature death with loss of
healthy life resulting from illness or disability.
The number of nonworking members compare with
14 Dependency ratio
working members for a given population.
15 Pronatalist pressure Influence that encourage people to have children.
A pattern of falling death eates and birth rates in response
Demographic
16 to improved living conditions, typically leads to rapid
transition
then stabilizing population growth.
Controlling reproduction, planning the timing of birth anf
17 Family planning having only as many babies as are wanted and can be
supported.
Any method used to reduce birthes, including celibacy,
delayed marriage, contraception;devices or medications
18 Birth control
that prevent implantation of fertilize zygotes and induced
abortions.