Environmental Impact Assessment Environmental Impact Assessment (PDFDrive)

ENVIRONMENTAL
IMPACT
ASSESSMENT
For the Proposed Durgapur Captive Power Project-III (2x20 MW)
at Durgapur, District Burdwan in West Bengal
FINAL REPORT
Environmental Consultant: Project Proponent :
Vimta Labs Limited

142, IDA, Phase-II, Cherlapally, NTPC-SAIL Power Company Private Ltd
Hyderabad–500 051, www.vimta.com Durgapur, Burdwan District, West Bengal
(Approved Consultant)
(NABL/ISO 17025 Certified Laboratory,
Recognized by MoEF, New Delhi)
February 2015
PREFACE
NTPC-SAIL Power Company Private Ltd

Durgapur, Burdwan District, West Bengal
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDY

FOR
THE PROPOSED DURGAPUR CAPTIVE POWER PROJECT-III (2X20 MW)
AT DURGAPUR, DISTRICT BURDWAN IN WEST BENGAL
For and on behalf of VIMTA Labs Limited
Approved by : M. Janardhan
Signed :
Position : HOD & Vice President (Env)
Date : February 24, 2015
The report has been prepared in line with the prescribed TORs issued vide letter No:
J-13012/30/2013-IA.I (T) dated 7th May 2014 of Ministry of Environment and Forests,
New Delhi.
This report has been prepared by Vimta Labs Limited with all reasonable skill, care
and diligence within the terms of the contract with the client, incorporating our
General Terms and Conditions of Business and taking account of the resources
devoted to it by agreement with the client.
Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Durgapur Captive Power
Project-III (2x20 MW) at Durgapur, District Burdwan in West Bengal
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
________________________________________________________________
Chapter Title Page
________________________________________________________________
Table of Contents TC-1

List of Figures TC-4
List of Tables TC-5
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Purpose of the report C1-1
1.2 Identification of the Project and Project Proponent C1-1
1.3 Brief Description of project C1-2
1.4 Importance to the Country & Region C1-3
1.5 Existing Project Clearance Details C1-8
1.6 Scope of the Study C1-8
1.7 Methodology of the Study C1-8
2.0 Project Description

2.1 Introduction C2-1
2.2 Description of Proposed Power Plant C2-1
2.3 Broad Technical Features C2-6
2.4 Fuel Requirement C2-8
2.5 Infrastructure Facilities for Power Plant C2-9
2.6 Utilities C2-10
2.7 Source of Pollution C2-11
3.0 Baseline Environmental Status

3.2 Geology and Hydrogeology C3-1
3.3 Land use Studies C3-11
3.4 Soil Characteristics C3-17
3.5 Meteorology C3-21
3.6 Air Quality C3-28
3.7 Water Quality C3-33
3.8 Noise Level Survey C3-38
3.9 Ecology and Biodiversity C3-41
3.10 Demography and Socio-economics C3-50
4.0 Anticipated Environmental Impact and Mitigation Measures

4.2 Impacts during Construction Phase C4-1
4.3 Impacts during Operational Phase C4-4
4.4 Environmental Management Plan during Construction
Phase C4-22
4.5 Environmental Management Plan during Operation
Phase C4-23
4.6 Rainwater Harvesting System C4-25
4.7 Greenbelt Development C4-31
4.8 Cost Provision for Environmental Measures C4-37
VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad TC-1

Table of Contents
Table of Contents
________________________________________________________________
Chapter Title Page
________________________________________________________________
5.0 Analysis of Alternative Site
5.1 Analysis of Alternative Site for Location of Power Plant C5-1

5.2 Selection of Turbine and Boiler C5-2
6.0 Environmental Monitoring Programme

6.2 Environmental Monitoring and Reporting Procedure C6-1
6.3 Monitoring Schedule C6-1
6.4 Monitoring Methods and Data Analysis C6-5
6.5 Reporting Schedules of the Monitoring Data C6-7
7.0 Additional Studies
7.1 Public Consultation C7-1

7.2 Risk Assessment Studies C7-8
7.3 Hazard Identification C7-9
7.4 Hazardous Assessment and Evaluation C7-10
7.5 Disaster Management Plan C7-21
7.6 Off-Site Emergency Preparation Plan C7-36
7.7 Occupational Health and Safety C7-42
7.8 Involvement of Outside Agencies C7-45
8.0 Project Benefits
8.1 Construction Phase C8-1

8.2 Operational Phase C8-2
9.0 Administrative Aspects
9.1 Institutional Arrangements for Environment

Protection and Conservation C9-1
10.0 Summary and Conclusions
10.1 Environmental Setting C10-1

10.2 Resource Requirement C10-1
10.3 Baseline Environmental Status C10-2
10.4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation
Measures C10-3
10.5 Environment Management during Operation Phase C10-5
10.6 Project Benefits C10-6
10.7 Conclusions C10-6

Table of Contents
Table of Contents
________________________________________________________________
Chapter Title Page
________________________________________________________________
11.0 Disclosure of Consultants

11.2 Vimta Labs Limited C11-1
List of Annexures
Annexure-I TOR Compliance AI-1

Annexure-II EC & CTO AII-1
Annexure-III Applicable Environment standards AIII-1
Annexure-IV Methodology Adopted for Sampling and Analysis AIV-1
Annexure-V Dry Fly Ash Potential Users AV-1
Annexure-VI Coal Linkage Letter AVI-1
Annexure-VII Certification AVII-1
Annexure-VIII Water Allocation Letter AVIII-1
Annexure-IX Land Use Pattern AIX-1
Annexure-X AAQ AX-1
Annexure-XI DFO Letter AXI-1
Annexure-XII Demographic Details AXII-1
Annexure-XIII Minutes of Public Hearing AXIII-1
Annexure-XIV Vision Document AXIV-1
Annexure-XV High Flood Level AXV-1
Annexure-XVI Relocation of Ash Pond AXVI-1
Annexure-XVII Coal Analysis of Test Report AXVII-1
Annexure-XVIII Disaster Management Plan AXVIII-1

Table of Contents
List of Figures
________________________________________________________________
Figure Title Page
________________________________________________________________
1.1 Index Map C1-4

1.2 Study Area Map C1-5
1.3 Google Map C1-6
2.1(A) Photographs Showing Existing Plant Facilities C2-2
2.1(B) Photographs Showing Proposed Plant Facilities C2-3
2.2 Layout of the Power Plant C2-4
2.3 Process Flow CPP C2-5
2.4(A) Existing Water Balance C2-12
2.4(B) Proposed Water Balance C2-13
3.2.1 Drainage Map of the Study Area C3-3
3.2.2 Hydrogeological Map of the Study Area C3-5
3.2.3 Well Hydrograph of CGWB Monitoring Wells C3-7
3.2.4 Flood Hazard Map C3-9
3.2.5 Wind and Cyclone Hazard Map C3-10
3.3.1 Satellite Imagery C3-15
3.3.2 Land use Map C3-16
3.4.1 Soil Sampling Location C3-20
3.5.1 Annual Wind Rose at 08:30 Hrs C3-25
3.5.2 Annual Wind Rose at 017:30 Hrs C3-26
3.5.3 Site Specific Wind Rose C3-27
3.6.1 Air Quality Sampling Location C3-30
3.7.1 Water Sampling Location C3-37
3.8.1 Noise Monitoring Location C3-39
3.9.1 Terrestrial and Aquatic Sampling Locations C3-43
4.1 Short Term 24 hourly Incremental GLCs of PM (2x20) C4-8
4.2 Short Term 24 hourly Incremental GLCs of SO2 (2x20) C4-9
4.3 Short Term 24 hourly Incremental GLCs of NOx (2x20) C4-10
4.4 Cumulative Short Term 24 hrs Incremental GLcs of PM C4-11
4.5 Cumulative Short Term 24 hrs Incremental GLcs of SO2 C4-12
4.6 Cumulative Short Term 24 hrs Incremental GLcs of Nox C4-13
4.7 Predicted Noise Dispersion Contour C4-21
4.8 Schematic Diagram of Effluent Treatment Scheme C4-27
4.9 Schematic Diagram of Sewage Treatment Plant C4-28
4.10 Schematic Diagram of Rain Water Harvesting Pit C4-29
4.11 Green Belt Development Plan C4-33
7.1 Paper Advertisement C7-2
7.2 Damage Contour for LDO Tanks (1x10 KL) on Fire C7-20
7.3 On-Site Emergency Organization Chart C7-37
7.4 Communication Network C7-47
8.1 CSR Photographs C8-5
9.1 Organisational Structure of Environment Management C9-2

Table of Contents
List of Tables
Tables Title Page
1.1 Details of Environmental Setting C1-2

1.2 Long Term Forecast of Power Demand C1-3
1.3 Monitoring Frequency C1-9
2.1 Silent Features of Proposed Power Plant C2-1
2.2 Coal Analysis C2-8
2.3 Typical Characteristics of Light Diesel Oil C2-9
2.4 Land use Break-Up C2-9
2.5(A) Water Requirement (Existing) C2-9
2.5(B) Water Requirement (Proposed) C2-10
2.6 Stack Details and Emission Rates C2-14
2.7 Waste Water Generation and Treatment / Disposal C2-15
3.2.1 Long Term Water Levels of CGWB Monitoring Wells C3-6
3.2.2 The Dynamic Ground Water Resources C3-8
3.2.3 The Dynamic Ground Water Resources of Durgapur C3-8
3.2.4 The Dynamic Ground Water Resources of Study Area C3-8
3.3.1 Land Use Pattern in the Study Area C3-11
3.3.2 Land Use /Land Cover Classification System C3-12
3.3.3 Land use Break up of the Study Area C3-14
3.4.1 Details of Soil Sampling Locations C3-17
3.4.2 Soil Analysis Results C3-18
3.4.3 Standard Soil Classification C3-19
3.5.1 Climatology Data Station C3-21
3.5.2 Summary of the Meteorological Data Generated at Site C3-23
3.5.3 Summary of Wind Pattern at the Study Area C3-23
3.6.1 Details of ambient air quality Monitoring Locations C3-29
3.6.2 Sampling and Analytical Methods and Detection Limit for
Ambient Air Quality Parameters C3-29
3.6.3 Summary of Ambient Air Quality Results C3-31
3.7.1 Details of Water Sampling Location C3-34
3.7.2(A)Ground Water Quality C3-35
3.7.2(B)Surface Water Quality C3-36
3.8.1 Details of Noise Monitoring Locations C3-40
3.8.2 Noise Level in the study Area C3-40
3.9.1 List of Terrestrial Ecological Sampling Location C3-42
3.9.2 List of Forest Blocks in the Study Area C3-44
3.9.3 List of Flora in the Core Area C3-44
3.9.4 List of Fauna in the Core Zone C3-45
3.9.5 List of Flora in the Buffer Area C3-45
3.9.6 List of Fauna in the Buffer Area C3-47
3.9.7 List of Plankton Recorded from the Study Area C3-49
3.9.8 List of Fishes C3-50
3.10.1 Distribution of Population in the Study Area C3-51
3.10.2 Distribution of Population by Social Structure C3-52
3.10.3 Distribution of Literate and Literacy Rate C3-52
3.10.4 Occupation Structure C3-53

Table of Contents
List of Tables (Contd..)
Tables Title Page
4.1 Model Setup C4-5

4.2a Proposed Stack Details and Emission Rates C4-5
4.2b Cumulative Stack Details and Emission Rate C4-5
4.3a Proposed Short Term Maximum Incremental Concentration C4-6
4.3b Cumulative Short Term Maximum Incremental concentration C4-6
4.4a Proposed Resultant Concentration due to Incremental GLCs C4-7
4.4b Cumulative Resultant Concentration due to Incremental GLCs C4-7
4.5 Expected Quality of Wastewater C4-14
4.6 Expected Solid waste from Power Plant C4-15
4.7 Major Noise Generating Sources C4-17
4.8 Predicted Noise Level at the Plant Boundaries C4-17
4.9 Details of Wastewater Treatment C4-24
4.10 Greenbelt Development Schedule C4-32
4.11 Recommended Plants for Greenbelt C4-34
4.12 Cost Provision for Environmental Measures C4-37
5.1 Comparison of Alternative Sites C5-1
5.2 Comparison between AFBC and CFBC Boiler C5-2
6.1 Environmental Monitoring During Project Construction Stage C6-2
6.2 Environmental Monitoring During Operational Phase C6-4
7.1 Summary of Issues Raised are Grouped and Discussed C7-6
7.2 Hazardous Material proposed to be stored /Transported C7-9
7.3 Category wise Schedule of storage Tanks C7-9
7.4 Properties of Fuel Used in the plant C7-10
7.5 Applicability of GOI Rules to Fuel/Chemical Storage C7-10
7.6 Preliminary Hazardous Analysis for Storage Areas C7-12
7.7 Preliminary Hazardous Analysis for Whole Plant in General C7-12
7.8 Fire Explosion and Toxicity Index C7-13
7.9 Fire Explosion and Toxicity Index C7-13
7.10 Damage Due To Incident Radiation Intensities C7-15
7.11 Radiation Exposure and Lethality C7-15
7.12 Scenarios Considered for MCA Analysis C7-16
7.13 Properties of Fuel Considered for Modelling C7-16
7.14 Occurrence of Various Radiation Intensities C7-17
7.15 Hazardous Analysis for Process in Power Plant C7-18
7.16 Hazardous Events Contributing To Risk at On Site Facilities C7-19
7.17 Off-Site Action Plan C7-41
7.18 Emergency Contact Number C7-48
8.1 CSR Expenditure C8-3
8.2 Budget Break-Up of CSR Activities C8-4
10.1 Ambient Air Quality in 10 km Radius C10-2
10.2 Expected Solid Waste from Power Plant C10-4

Chapter-1
Introduction
1.0 INTRODUCTION
M/s NTPC-SAIL Power Company Private Ltd is proposing to setup 2 x 20 MW

coal based captive power plant at Durgapur, Burdwan district, West Bengal. This
expansion is planned to meet the power requirement of Durgapur Steel Plant.
This chapter describes the purpose of the report, identification of the proposed
project and brief description of nature, size and location of the project and
importance to the region and country. This chapter also describes the scope of
the study and details of regulatory scoping carried out as per Terms of Reference
(TOR) issued by Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF), New Delhi.
1.1 Purpose of the Report
As per the Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) Notification dated 14th
September 2006 and its amendment thereafter, the proposed project falls under
‘Category B’ required clearance of State Environment Impact Assessment
Authority (SEIAA). Application for prior environmental clearance for the above
proposal was submitted to the MoEF and meetings were held for the proposed
project in MoEF on 13th -14th February, 2014 to determining Terms of Reference
(TOR) for the preparation of EIA/EMP report. The TOR conditions towards
proposed captive power plant received from MoEF, vide letter No.J-
13012/30/2013-IA.I (T) dated 7th May 2014. A copy of MoEF letter giving the
details of TOR and its compliance is given in Annexure-I.
EIA/EMP has been prepared and submitted to state PCB for conducting Public
Hearing and the meeting was held on 6th January 2015 at Rabindra Bhawan,
Shivaji Road, A-Zone, Durgapur, District Burdwan, West Bengal and public
concerns and comments are taken into consideration for preparing the final
EIA/EMP report. The public hearing details are incorporated in Chaper-7.
Accordingly, to obtain Environment Clearance (EC) from MoEF, this EIA report has
been prepared for assessing the environmental impacts due to the proposed
power plant.
1.2 Identification of Project and Project Proponent
NTPC Ltd formed a joint venture with SAIL on 50:50 basis in March, 2001 in the
name NTPC-SAIL Power Company Private Limited (NSPCL). NTPC-SAIL took over
captive power plant-II located at Durgapur Steel Plant (2X60 MW) and Rourkela
Steel Plant (2X60 MW) from SAIL.
NTPC Ltd formed another joint venture company with SAIL on 50:50 basis in
March, 2002 in the name of Bhilai Electric Supply Company (P) Ltd. (BESCL).
BESCL took over captive power plant-II located at Bhilai Steel Plant (2X30 MW +
1X14 MW BPTG) from SAIL. With effect from 11th September, 2006, BESCL was
amalgamated with NTPC-SAIL and all properties, licenses, permissions, debt,
liabilities etc. with respect to BESCL now rests in NTPC-SAIL.
VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C1-1

Chapter-1
Introduction
1.3 Brief Description of Project
1.3.1 Size of the Project
The coal based captive thermal power plant is of 40 MW (2 x 20 MW) capacity.

The coal requirement for the proposed thermal power plant is about 0.3 MTPA.
The estimated cost of the project is about Rs.361.94 crores.
1.3.2 Location of the Project
The proposed coal based thermal power plant is located at Durgapur, Burdwan
district, West Bengal. The geographical co-ordinates of the proposed project for
Main Plant latitude 23º32’10.14” to 23º31’56.66’’Nand longitude 87º15’8.14” to
87º15’22.77” E and Ash Dyke latitude 23°32’47.65” to 23°32’36.75” N and
longitude 87°14’21.88’ to 87°14’37.92”.The present land use of proposed site is
industrial.
The details of environmental setting are given in Table-1.1. The index map,
study area map and google map of the proposed project are shown in Figure-
1.1, Figure-1.2 and Figure-1.3 respectively.
TABLE-1.1
DETAILS OF ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING
Sr. No. Particulars Details

1 Location
Mandal Durgapur
District Burdwan
State West Bengal
2 Geographical Co-ordinates
Project Area Coordinates Main plant
Sno Latitude Longitude
A 23º32’10.14”N 87º15’8.14”E
B 23º31’56.66’’N 87º15’22.77”E
Ash Dyke
Sno Latitude Longitude
C 23°32’47.65’’N 87°14’21.88’E
D 23°32’36.75”N 87°14’37.92”E
3 Elevation above MSL 75 m above Mean Sea Level

4 Topography Plain land
5 Geographical location in 73-M/2, 73 M/3, 73 M/6 & 73 M/7
Toposheet
6 Present land use Industrial
7 Climate Condition Annual Max. Temperature – 36.3° C
Annual Min. Temperature –12.8° C
Total average annual rainfall – 1191.1 mm
Nearest IMD Station- Bankura (35 Km, SSW)
8 Nearest Highway Asansol NH2 (2 km, NW)
9 Nearest Railway Station Waria(0.2 km, SW)
10 Nearest Airport Kolkata (160 km, SE)
11 Nearest Town Durgapur(5 Km, SE)
12 Sanctuaries/National Nil within 10 km
parks/biospheres etc
13 Reserved / Protected forests Beliator Protected Forest (9.1 km SSW)
14 Protected area as per Wild life Nil
Chapter-1
Introduction
Sr. No. Particulars Details

protection Act 1972
15 Hills/valleys Nil
16 Streams/Rivers Damodar river (1.3 km, SW)
17 Defence Installation Nil
18 Historical places Nil
19 Industries 1) Durgapur Steel Plant Adj.
2) Durgapur Thermal Power Station (DVC) (0.2 km,
SW)
3) ASP-Alloy Steel Plant (1.6 km, SE)
4) Shyam Ferro Alloy Steel (2.4 km, SE)
5) Kajaria Industry Limited (3.0 km, SE)
6) Durgapur Chemical Limited (3.6 km, SE)
7) Durgapur Project Limited (4.7 km, SE)
8) Durgapur Super Thermal Power Station (DVC)
(5.8 km, NW)
9) Philips Carbon Black Limited (5.9 km, SE)
20 Seismicity Zone-III as per IS-1893 (part-1)-2002
1.4 Importance to the Country & Region
One of the justification for setting up capital intensive industries is to promote

self-reliance in the production of essential raw materials, such as steel, cement,
petroleum products, fertilizers etc., which sustain down-stream industrialization
creating employment potential and national growth.
Government of India decided to privatize the Power Sector in the year 1992 – 93
with the objective of capacity addition to fuel industrial growth. Though the
response from the Private Sector – Foreign as well as Indian – was huge, the
capacity addition by the private sector till 2009 was meager for various reasons.
In fact, in the last decade the capacity addition slowed down as neither the
private sector nor the electricity boards added adequate new capacity while
growth in demand was sustained. The Government of India took in view the
various reasons for lack of interest on the part of the private sector and after
discussions with various stake holders such as industrial consumers, farmers and
the power producers, revised the Electricity Act to promote the private
participation in power generation.
The all India region-wise forecast for electrical energy requirement and peak
demand scenario fare presented in Table-1.2.
TABLE-1.2
LONG TERM FORECAST OF POWER DEMAND
Sr. Region Electrical Energy Requirement Peak Electric Load (GW)

No (TWh)
2011-12 2016-17 2021-22 2011-12 2016-17 2021-22
1 Northern 294.8 411.5 556.8 48.1 66.6 89.9
2 Western 294.9 409.8 550.0 47.1 64.3 84.8
3 Southern 253.4 380.1 511.7 40.4 60.4 80.5
4 Eastern 111.8 168.9 258.2 19.1 28.4 42.7
5 North-Eastern 13.3 21.1 37.0 2.5 3.8 6.2
6 All India 968.7 1392.1 1914.5 152.7 218.2 298.3
Source: “Long Term Forecast at Power Station Bus Bars”, 17th Electric Power Survey (EPS) of India,
Central Electricity Authority (CEA)

Chapter-1
Introduction
Plant Site
FIGURE-1.1
INDEX MAP

Chapter-1
Introduction
FIGURE-1.2
STUDY AREA MAP OF 10 KM RADIUS

Chapter-1
Introduction
FIGURE-1.3
GOOGLE MAP
Chapter-1
Introduction
The economic growth of any country depends upon the availability and
consumption of energy. The level of development of a country is measured in
terms of per capita energy consumption. Presently India's per capita energy
consumption at 717 KWh/year (during 2007-08), which is less than that of other
developing countries like China (1891) and Malaysia (1000). The per capita
energy consumption of the developed countries are very much higher like United
States of America (13338), Sweden (16665) and Canada (18117).
Ministry of Power has estimated that by the year 2012, India’s peak demand
would be 152,746 MW with energy requirement of 975 Billion Unit (BU).
• Power Development Scenario-11th Plan Period
As per CEA/Planning Commission, a tentative capacity addition of 82,200 MW has

been envisaged for the 12th Plan. This comprises of 30,000 MW hydro, 40200 MW
thermal and 12000 MW of Nuclear power plants Considering the slippages in the
past, and keeping in view the huge power generation capacity requirement to be
added during the 11th and 12th Plan periods, an urgent need is felt for a large
scale thermal power development programme in an environment friendly manner.
This amply justifies the necessity of immediate capacity addition to ensure
government’s plan to supply power to energy household in the country. The
present power shortage is 9-9.5% and peak shortage is more than 13%. The
demand of the power in the country is growing at a rate of 7.43% per annum
whereas the average growth in the capacity addition during the decade has been
around 4.4% only. The present power shortage may not appear to be so acute
because of the present rate of subdued industrial as well as economic growth. As
soon as the industrial growth gains momentum, the impact would have cascading
effect on economy of the country. Considering 8% growth of GDP per annum the
rate of growth of power needs to be raised to more than 10% per annum. The
capacity addition may be required in the order of 10000 MW per year. Though per
capita energy consumption in some developed state in India is 1000 KWh, the
same for the country is only 580 KWh, which is very low in comparison to the
other developing countries (1400 KWh). It is worthwhile to mention that on All-
India context, the capacity addition in 10th and 11th Plan periods has to fulfill the
aims and objectives of the National Electricity Policy of the government and is
receiving highest priority. Keeping in view the deficit between demand and
supply, the government has set a target to double the existing capacity (i. e.
addition of 1,00,000 MW) by the end of 11th Plan i.e. 2012.
In order to meet the ever increasing gap in power demand and supply,
Government of India has widened the scope of private sector participation in
electricity generation by passing a resolution in October 1991 and allowing them
to set-up power plants. Moreover, the measures initiated through the Electricity
Act 2003 have further enhanced the opportunities to private participation in
power sector, especially in thermal power generation.
Considering the existing and escalating demand of electricity in West Bengal, it is

proposed to construct power project of 40 MW (2x20 MW) capacity at Durgapur,
Burdwan district, West Bengal.

Chapter-1
Introduction
1.5 Existing Project Clearance Details
NTPC-SAIL has been accorded Environment Clearance (EC) by WBPCB and

Consent to Operate (CTO) for production of existing capacity of 2X60 MW. The
clearance copies are given as Annexure-II.
1.6 Scope of the Study
As per the TOR, 10 km around the proposed plant site is considered as study area
to carry out baseline environmental monitoring. The study area map is given in
Figure-1.2.The environmental attributes like ambient air quality, meteorological
parameters, water quality, soil characteristics, noise levels and ecology have been
monitored during 1st March 2014 to 31st May, 2014 covering pre monsoon season.
The monitoring frequency details are outlined in Table-1.3. The scope of study
broadly includes:
• To conduct literature review and to collect data relevant to the study area;
• Establishing the baseline environmental aspects in and around the proposed
project area;
• Identifying various existing pollution loads due to project activities;
• Predicting incremental levels of pollutants in the study area due to the
proposed operations;
• Evaluating the predicted impacts on various environmental attributes in the
study area by using scientifically developed and widely accepted
environmental impact assessment methodologies;
• To prepare an Environment Management Plan (EMP), outlining the measures
for improving the environmental quality.
1.7 Methodology of the Study
Reconnaissance survey was conducted by Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad and
officials of NTPC-SAIL and sampling locations were identified on the basis of:
• Predominant wind directions, expected during the period of baseline monitoring

in the study area as recorded by the nearest India Meteorological Department
(IMD) at Bankura;
• Topography and location of surface water bodies like ponds, canals and rivers;
• Location of villages/towns/sensitive areas;
• Identified pollution pockets, if any within the study area;
• Accessibility, power availability and security of monitoring equipment;
• Areas which represent baseline conditions; and
• Collection, collation and analysis of baseline data for various environmental
attributes.
Field studies have been conducted for a period of one season (non-monsoon)
from 1st March 2014 to 31st May 2014 representing pre monsoon season to
determine existing conditions of various environmental attributes. Environmental
legislation and applicable environmental standards are given in Annexure-III
and Annexure-IV.

Chapter-1
Introduction
TABLE-1.3
MONITORING FREQUENCY
Sr. No. Attribute Parameters Frequency of Monitoring

1 Ambient air quality PM10,PM2.5, SO2, NOx, CO, The monitoring was carried out at four
O3, NH3, Pb, Bap, As Ni, and locations at a frequency of 24 hourly
C6H6 samples twice a week for about
thirteen weeks. CO and Ozone
samples were collected on 8 hour
basis.
2 Meteorology Wind speed and direction, a] Continuous monitoring with hourly
temperature, relative recording through setting up of site
humidity, rainfall, cloud meteorological station at NTPC-SAIL;
cover and atmospheric b] Data collected from secondary
pressure sources like IMD station at Bankura.
3 Water quality Physical, chemical and Once during the study period at five
bacteriological parameters locations (ground water-2 locations &
surface water-3 locations)
4 Ecology Existing terrestrial and Through field visits.
aquatic flora and fauna
5 Noise levels Noise levels in dB(A) Once during study period at ten
locations.
6 Soil characteristics Soil physico-chemical Once during study period at five
characteristics, soil type locations.
and texture, heavy metal,
NKP value etc
7 Land use Land use for different Based on data published in latest
categories published in district census
handbooks, National Informatics
Centre, New Delhi (NIC).
8 Socio-economic Socio-economic Based on data published in latest
aspects characteristics published district census handbooks
and also from NIC.
9 Geology Geological history Based on data collected from
secondary sources.
10 Hydrology (Surface Drainage area and pattern, Based on data collected from
and Ground) nature of streams, aquifer secondary sources.
characteristics, recharge
and discharge areas
11 Risk assessment, Identify areas where Based on assessment.
Disaster disaster can occur and
Management Plan identify areas of
and Occupational occupational hazards.
Health and Safety
Source: Vimta Labs Ltd, Hyderabad

Chapter-2
Project Description
2.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.1 Introduction
This chapter highlights the features of the proposed 2x20 MW coal based captive
power plant, its layout, details of the process, fuel/raw material requirement,
utilities and services, infrastructural facilities and sources of waste generation,
their quantity and pollution control measures.
2.2 Description of Proposed Power Plant (2 x 20 MW)
The 2 x 20 MW power plant would be constructed as a double unit configuration
of 2 x 20 MW unit, with two steam turbine and two boiler. The proposed
expansion project involves installation of two Atmospheric Fluidized Bed
Combustion (AFBC) boiler, each generating 100 TPH steam at 100 kgf/cm2 (g)
pressure at 545 °C with two Condensing Turbo Generator Set having generating
capacity of 2 x 20 MW of power. Installation of associated mechanical and
electrical equipment, auxiliary units like coal, ash handling plant, water treatment
plant, auxiliary cooling water system, electrostatic precipitator (ESP), online stack
monitoring system etc. will form a part of the total installation.
The salient features of the power plant are given in Table-2.1. The existing plant
and proposed project area photographs are shown in Figure-2.1. The layout of
the plant site is given in Figure-2.2. The flow chart showing the process in power
plant is shown in Figure-2.3.
TABLE-2.1
SALIENT FEATURES OF PROPOSED POWER PLANT
Sr. No. Features Description

1 Capacity 40 MW
2 Configuration 2x20 MW
3 Land requirement 35.5 acres
4 Type of boilers Atmospheric fluidized bed combustion boiler
5 Fuel Coal
6 Source of Coal From captive Ramnagar coal mines of SAIL
7 Coal Requirement 0.3 MTPA
8 Sulphur Content 0.5%
Features Proposed
9 Ash Content in Coal Ash generation 1,20,000 TPA
(40 % Ash) Bottom Ash 24,000 TPA
Fly Ash 98000 TPA
10 ESP efficiency 99.9%
11 Man Power 70 nos
12 Project cost and Cost 361.94 crore includes Rs. 16.9 crores towards EMPS
Towards EMP
9 Stack 75 m
10 Power Evacuation 33KV
11 Water Requirement 300 m3/hr

Chapter-2
Project Description
FIGURE-2.1(A)
PHOTOGRAPHS SHOWING EXISTING PLANT FACILITIES (2x60 MW)

Chapter-2
Project Description
FIGURE-2.1(B)
PROPOSED SITE PHOTOGRAPHS

E 9000
E 9100
E 9200
E 9300
E 9400
E 9500
E 9600
E 9700
E 9800
E 9900
E 10000
E 10100
N 20200
N 20100
N 20000
N 19900
VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad

22
23
E 8100
E 8200
E 8300
E 8400
E 8500
E 8600
E 8700
E 8800
E 8900
N 19800
N 19700
N 19600
21
N 19500
E 7200
E 7300
E 7400
E 7500
E 7600
E 7700
E 7800
E 7900
E 8000
N 19400
ARY 28
N 19300 BOUND
DSP
FIGURE-2.2
N 19200
0
149.0
11
N 19100 20
N 198120.00
E
9
4
5 8 N 19461.00
14 26
2 3 6
1 27
N 19000 E 9462.00
13 30
7
25
19
19 17 12
15
18
16 29
LAYOUT OF THE POWER PLANT

N 18900
N 18800
0
896.0
N 1878 8.00 N 19002.00
N 18700 E 2 E 8173.00
N 18600
N PCL NTPC-SAIL POWER COMPANY (P ) LTD.

DURGAPUR CAPTIVE POWER PLANT (PP-III)
(2 x 20MW)
LOCATION PLAN
C2-4
Chapter-2
Project Description
Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Durgapur Captive Power Project-III (2x20 MW) at Durgapur, District
Burdwan in West Bengal
Chapter-2
Project Description
FIGURE-2.3
PROCESS FLOW CPP

Chapter-2
Project Description
2.2.1 Details of Proposed Power Plant

2.2.1.1 Turbine capacity and type
Two sets each of capacity 20 MW have been envisaged to meet 39.0 MW
Emergency load. However, necessary load shedding and switching need to be
done during outage of one unit or fall of generation.
During Phase-II expansion the 3rd TA of 20 MW will be installed along with 3rd
boiler and other auxiliaries. After the installation of 3rd unit the total Category-I
and Emergency power demand will be met by new Power Plant and during shut
down of one machine the demand will be approximately 44.0 MW and will be met
by the remaining two units with necessary load shedding and switching.
Present generation turbine with high efficiency has been envisaged. Turbine will
be condensing type.
2.2.1.2 Boiler capacity and type
The steam requirement for 40 MW generation, internal requirement for

condensate heating at de-aerator, ejector, sealing oil atomizing etc. will be
approximately 180 TPH. The requirement will be met by two Boilers. Considering
90% of consisting loading on each boiler the capacity of each Boiler has been
selected as 100 TPH. Boilers will run only on coal for 100% of rated capacity. LDO
shall be used as start up fuel.
2.3 Broad Technical Features
2.3.1 Boilers and auxiliaries
Each boiler will be provided with 2 x 60 % capacity forced draught (FD) fans, 2 x
60 % capacity Primary Air (PA) fans and 2 x 60 % capacity Induced Draught (ID)
fans. A common chimney will be provided for two boilers. The second chimney
will be provided for the third boiler with a provision for connection for future
fourth boiler. Chimney will be 75 m height.
2.3.2 Turbines and auxiliaries
• Turbines will be condensing type. Turbine casing will be equipped with lifting
lugs, jack screws for convenience of disassembly and alignment.
• The rotor of the machine will be of solid construction. Blading will be of robust
construction for strength and reliability and longer service life. The profile will
be designed to have the best efficiency for the specified performance.
• Each Turbine will be provided with:
Condenser with 10% margin in cooling area;

2 nos. (1W+1S) Condensate extraction pumps with 125% capacity;
LP heaters;
Ejector unit;
Condensate feed control station;

Chapter-2
Project Description
An electric motor driven slow speed turning gear with automatic

engagement and disengagement arrangement;
Lubrication oil and control oil unit; and
Safety devices.
2.3.3 Cooling Water system / Make-up water system
The system will comprise of pumps, cooling tower, valves, piping, dosing unit,
maintenance hoist etc. The underground pipelines will be encased with RCC.
Make-up water will be tapped from the plant existing network. The total make-up
water requirement of 300 m3/h will be drawn from power plant-II network and
will be distributed to cooling tower and other applications. Cooling tower blow
down will be used in Ash slurry pump house for slurry preparation, gardening and
other miscellaneous purposes. As no storage for raw water has been envisaged
for Phase-I and Phase-II. The minimum will be kept in Phase-III.
2.3.4 Pre-treatment facilities and DM water system
• Suitable pretreatment facility with dosing and clarification has been envisaged
to take care the water quality from PP-III to meet the requirement of cooling
water system make-up and service water. Raw water will be directly taken to
ash pump house for ash slurry preparation as required.
• DM water requirement of approximately 6 m3/h will be met from existing PP-
II. Two transfer pumps (1w+1s) each of capacity 40 m3/h and 80 MLC head,
two nos. DN 100 MS rubber lined pipes with 1 no. 150 m3 DM water storage
tank, DM water transfer pumps (1w+1s), one pump for boiler initial filling etc.
have been envisaged.
2.3.5 Compressed Air system
The system will be comprised of air compressors, air driers, air receiver, valves,
piping, dosing unit, maintenance crane etc. 2 nos. (1s+1s) Air compressors will
be supplying instrument air as well as service air requirement of the total plant.
Each compressor will be 10 Nm3/min and 8 kgf/cm2g discharge pressure has been
envisaged.
2.3.6 Ash Handling System
With installation of 2-nos. boilers each of 100 TPH capacity for 2 x 20 MW Power
Plant, the plant will generate approximately 14 TPH considering 40% ash content
in coal.
Bed Ash Disposal System
• The bed ash generation will be approximately 2.8 TPH. Bed ash shall be
collected from the bottom of boilers and stored in bed ash storage bunkers.
Bed ash disposal have been envisaged through slurry mode. 2 nos. (1W+1S)
high pressure water pumps have been envisaged for supplying water to bed
ash storage bunkers. Bed ash will be mixed with water in the storage bunkers
and sent to bed ash slurry sump through channels.
• From the slurry sump, 2 streams (1W+1S) of slurry pumps have been
envisaged for pumping the slurry to the ash slurry pond.
Chapter-2
Project Description
2.3.6.1 Fly Ash Disposal System
• The generated fly ash will be collected at the bottom of Economiser, APH and
ESPs. The fly ash will be approximately 11.2 TPH.
• The off-take of dry fly ash from RCC silo will be done by the various outside
consumers through rotary feeder and telescopic chute to closed trucks placed
below the silo. Fly ash in wet form will be disposed through rotary feeder and
pug mill to open trucks/dumpers placed below the silo. Nominal water supply
has been envisaged for ash wetting in pug mill. NTPC-SAIL has MOUs with 10
companies to lift the fly ash generated given in Annexure-V.
• In case the generated fly ash is more than the off-take, excess ash will be
sent in slurry form (approximately 35% by weight) to existing ash pond no.1.
• The pumps envisaged for Bed ash system will also be used for fly ash system.
• The Fly Ash slurry will be pumped through the same DN150 pipeline used for
bed ash slurry pumping. There will be 2 (1W+1S) DN 150 pipelines.
• Cooling tower blow down will be used in Ash slurry pump house for slurry
preparation for both bed ash and fly ash.
2.3.7 Coal Handling Plant
A new Coal Handling Plant (CHP) has been envisaged for transportation of coal
from existing coal storage yard for proposed 2 x 20 MW Power Plant. The existing
coal yard will be utilised for storage of coal.
2.4 Fuel Requirement

2.4.1 Coal
Coal consumption of 2 X 20 MW power plant will be about 0.3 MTPA. Coal will be
sourced from SAIL’s Ramnagar Captive coal mine. The coal characteristics are
given in Table-2.2. The coal linkage letter is enclosed as Annexure-VI.
TABLE-2.2
COAL ANALYSIS
Parameter Units Ramnagar

Gross Calorific Value kCal/kg 3500
Sulphur % 0.47 – 0.5
Ash % 40
Moisture % 1.7
Fixed Carbon % 62.88
Hydrogen % 2.86
Nitrogen % 1.56
Oxygen % 2.29
2.4.2 Fuel Oil
Light Diesel Oil (LDO) will be used as secondary fuel for start-up and coal flame
stabilization during low load operation of the steam generator while firing coal.

Chapter-2
Project Description
TABLE-2.3
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LIGHT DIESEL OIL (LDO)
Sr. No. Parameter Characteristics

1 Pour point 12oC & 18 oC for winter and Summer
2 Kinematic viscosity 38 oC 2.5 to 15.7 centi stokes
3 Water content, % by volume 0.25
4 Total sulfur by mass (max) 1.8
5 Ash (%by mass) Max 0.02
6 Flash point (min) 66 oC
7 GCV 10,300 Kcal/kg
8 Specific gravity 0.85 at 15 oC
2.5 Infrastructure Facilities for Power Plant

2.5.1 Land Requirement
The proposed power plant will be carried out within the existing plant area of
176.5 acres and no additional land is required for the proposed captive power
plant. The land use break-up is given in Table-2.4. In phase-II (2x60 MW) has
been commissioned in 1984, as a captive power requirement for DSP. It has been
handed over to consortium of NTPC and SAIL Corporation from 2001 onwards.
The first boiler installed transfer certificate from DSP to NTPC-SAIL Company is
given in Annexure-VII.
TABLE-2.4
LAND USE BREAK-UP
Sr. Particulars Existing Proposed Total
No. (Acres) (Acres) (Acres)
1 Power Block Switchyard 12.0 4.5 16.5
2 Water treatment plant, cooling tower, ash 16.0 6.0 22.0
handling system, auxiliary units, roads and
other utilities
3 Coal receipt, storage and handling and CW 9.0 2.5 11.5
corridor within plant complex
4 Ash dyke area 83.0 19.0 102.0
5 Greenbelt 21.0 3.5 24.5
Total 141 35.5 176.5
2.5.2 Transportation
Coal receipt from existing coal stack area of DSP through conveyors for the
proposed captive power project.
2.5.3 Water Requirement
The total fresh water allocation for the power plant is 400 m3/hr. This water will
be drawn from the Waria reservoir of DSP. However by adopting water
conservation measures requirement been optimized to 300 m3/hr. The water
balance of existing and proposed power plant is shown in Figure-2.4. The water
allocation letter is enclosed as Annexure-VIII.
TABLE-2.5(A)
WATER REQUIREMENT (EXISTING)
Units Existing
Ash Slurry 500 m3/hr
Cooling tower evaporation 125 m3/hr
Drain from DM and Main Plant 12.5 m3/hr
Unaccounted loss 29.0 m3/hr
Total 666.5 m3/hr
Chapter-2
Project Description
TABLE-2.5(B)
WATER REQUIREMENT (PROPOSED)
Units Proposed
Evap and Drift loss in CTs 205 m3/hr
Loss in ventilation system 20 m3/hr
Potable water system 04 m3/hr
Evap loss in Ash dyke 15 m3/hr
Loss in service water system 20 m3/hr
Loss in Central Monitoring Basin 36 m3/hr
Total 300 m3/hr
2.5.5 Manpower
The proposed power plant will require skilled and semi-skilled personal during
construction and operational phase. Many of the people from neighboring villages,
as found suitable will get opportunity for employment during construction and
operational phase. The total manpower required for the new power plant will be
around 70 nos (Executive 35 and Nonexecutive 35).
2.5.6 Facilities for Labour
The basic amenities for the labour force during construction and operation phase
are proposed. The facilities comprises of the following;
• Separate shelters will be provided for male and female labours for resting;
• Separate wash rooms (sanitary facilities)will be provided for male and female
labours;
• The contractors will be directed to provide fuel to labours for cooking;
• The first aid facilities will be made available; and
• Drinking water will be provided.
2.6 Utilities
In the proposed plant, various utilities will be provided for the smooth and
efficient functioning of the plant. The proposed utilities are discussed in
subsequent sections.
2.6.1 Fire Detection and Alarm System
Microprocessor based intelligent addressable type automatic fire detection and

alarm system shall be provided for early warning in case of smoke or fire in all
fire sensitive locations. Areas to be covered under such system shall include
instrumentation control rooms, electrical rooms and other fire sensitive areas of
the power plant like cable galleries, false floors, false ceilings etc. Fire alarm
system shall include multi criterion sensors, heat detectors, fire alarm panel,
hooters, call points, response indicators, FRLS cables, etc. A PC based server with
software will be provided for monitoring and logging of the fire alarm signals.
2.6.2 Telecommunication System
Telecommunication system will comprise of extension of plant existing

telecommunication system (EPABX) to additional telephone points (control room,
electrical rooms, office room, etc.). Provision of telephone sets / instruments as
Chapter-2
Project Description
well as cabling from nearest exchange / junction box will be inclusive in the
scope.
2.6.3 Ventilation System
2.6.3.1 Natural Ventilation
Transformer rooms will have natural ventilation through wire mesh gate at one
side and louvers at other side.
2.6.3.2 Dry Pressurized Ventilation System
• Cool, dust free environment will be provided by installation of a dry

pressurized ventilation system. To prevent ingress of dust, all dry pressurized
ventilated premises will be maintained at a pressure 2mm WC above
atmospheric pressure.
• The room will be fitted with wall mounted heavy duty tube axial fan with wall
cowl, bird screen, panel type washable air filter, grills, gravity louvers, etc.
Sr. Description Internal Temperature Equipment details.

No. (°C)
1 MCC Room Ambient temperature + Dry Pressurised Ventilation System
2 Switchgear Rooms 2°C permissible rise & using centrifugal type/ heavy duty
3 LAVT, NGT & Elect +2mmWC pressurized. tube axial fans, floor mounted. System
Panel Room to be installed in a separate room.
4 Cable Vault
2. 6.3.3 Exhaust Ventilation System
The Transformer Room will be fitted with wall mounted heavy duty tube axial fans
with wall cowls bird screen, etc.
2.6.3 Sprinkler Water System
The system consists of storage, pumping station, sprinkler and piping manifolds
etc.
2.6.4 Fuel oil unloading and Storage Facilities
The fuel from the authorized oil dealers will be transported through road tankers.
Unloading pumps with hoses shall be used for unloading. LDO will be stored in
three tank of 10 KL capacity.
2.7 Sources of Pollution
The various types of pollution from the proposed power plant are categorized
under the following types:
• Air pollution;
• Water pollution;
• Solid waste; and
• Noise pollution.

Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Durgapur Captive
Power Project-III (2x20 MW) at Durgapur, District Burdwan in West Bengal
Chapter-2
Project Description
FIGURE-2.4(A)
EXISTING WATER BALANCE DIAGRAM
Chapter-2
Project Description
FIGURE-2.4(B)
WATER BALANCE DIAGRAM

Chapter-2
Project Description
Power plant is the major source of gaseous emissions. In addition, wastewater

and solid waste also will be generated. The quantities and the composition of the
gaseous, liquid and solid waste that are generated in the plant will be managed
and treated such that their final disposal into the environment meets all the
statutory requirements and the environmental impacts are minimized.
2.7.1 Pollution Load from Power Plant
The major pollutants emitting from the power plant will be SO2, NOx and
particulate matter. Proper control measures will be installed by project authorities
to minimize the stack emissions within the stipulated/permissible limits prescribed
by National Ambient Air Quality Standards. Effluents will be generated from
cooling tower blow down, wash water and wastewater from sanitary facilities.
Sanitary effluent will be treated in sewage treatment plant. The effluents from
auxiliary cooling tower blow down, boiler blow down, DM plant blow down, etc.
will be suitably treated in RO plant for recycle/reuse within the plant.
2.7.1.1 Stack Emissions
• Particulate Matter
Suspended Particulate Matter (PM) will be one of the important pollutants from the
proposed power plant. To limit the particulate matter emissions below 50
mg/Nm3, a high efficiency (99.9%) electrostatic precipitator will be installed.
• Sulphur Dioxide
A stack of 75 m height will be provided to disperse the emissions of SO2. Sulphur

content in coal 0.5% is considered for installed capacity of 2 x 20 MW as a worst
case scenario.
• Oxides of Nitrogen
To reduce the NOx emissions from the steam generator, all provisions in the
steam generator design and fuel firing system, will be made. Maximum NOx
emission from the unit will not be more than 50 mg/Nm3 of NOx including thermal
NOx produced during the entire operating range of steam generator.
The details of stack emissions given in Table-2.6. However, NTPC-SAIL will
implement the various air pollution control measures to reduce the air emissions.
• ESP with 99.9% efficiency will be installed to limit the emissions of particulate
matter to less than 50 mg/Nm3;
• Dust suppression systems and dust extraction system will be practiced; and
• Regular monitoring of the air pollution control system.
TABLE-2.6
STACK DETAILS AND EMISSION RATES
Sr. No. Parameters Units Details

1 Stack Height m 75
2 No. of flues No. 2
3 Top diameter of each flue m. 2.2
4 Flue gas velocity in each flue m/s 15
o
5 Flue gas temperature K 413
6 Flow rate of gas in each flue Nm3/s 41.1

Chapter-2
Project Description
Sr. No. Parameters Units Details

Emission Rate
7 PM g/sec 2.06
8 SO2 g/sec 55.96
9 NOx g/sec 7.20
2.7.2 Liquid Waste Generation
Blow down from cooling towers will be the main sources of the wastewater.
Besides this, domestic waste from canteen and toilets will be generated in the
plant. The wastewater from different sections will be treated in settling
pond/neutralizing pit/ETP and the treated water will be reuse/recycled in the
plant process ash handling and greenbelt development. No rejects from RO plant
will be generated in Power Plant-III. The wastewater generated in the proposed
project is given in Table-2.7.
TABLE-2.7
WASTEWATER GENERATION AND TREATMENT/DISPOSAL
Units Effluent (m3/hr) Remarks

Cooling tower make-up 70 Will be reused in process, ash
Service water 10 handling and green belt
Total 80 development
2.7.2.1 Storm Water Management

Rain water harvesting pits would be constructed to collect rain water. Rain water
harvesting pits are proposed at different locations covering all the plant area. The
storm water collected in the drains will be suitably diverted to these pits so as to
recharge the ground water. However the overflow water will be connected to near
by nalla.
2.7.2.2 Solid Waste Generation in Power Plant
Ash is the main solid waste generated in the coal based thermal power plant. The
primary fuel for the proposed captive power plant would be coal from Ramnagar,
having an ash content of about 40% (max). Considering this, about 1,20,000 TPA
ash will be generated. In that 98,000 TPA of fly ash and 24,000 TPA bottom ash
will be generated.
The bottom ash will be utilized for road laying flooring within the plant. Major
portion of the ash will be utilized by supplying to potential users. Efforts will be
made to utilize 100% fly ash as per the Fly Ash Notification, 1999 and as
amended thereafter
The ash which is not lifted by the potential users will be disposed off in the ash
dyke using conventional slurry disposal method. The ash pond will be provided
with trenches to collect the storm water during rainy days. Greenbelt will be
provided enveloping the ash pond to arrest the fugitive dust emissions. Ash pond
will also be provided with impervious liner to prevent leaching of contaminants to
groundwater.

Chapter-3
Baseline Environmental Status
3.0 BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS
3.1 Introduction
This chapter illustrates the description of the existing environmental status of the
study area with reference to the prominent environmental attributes. The study
area covers 10 km radius area from the boundary of the plant site. The existing
environmental setting is considered to adjudge the baseline environmental
conditions, which are described with respect to climate, hydro-geological aspects,
atmospheric conditions, water quality, soil quality, ecology, land use and socio-
economic profiles for 10 km radius.
EIA Notification requires that 10 km radius area surrounding the project site shall
be covered under the study and the same is denoted as study area. As part of the
study, description of biological environment and human environment such as
environmental settings, demography & socio-economics, land-use/ land cover,
ecology & biodiversity have been carried out for entire 10 km radius. However, as
a universally accepted methodology of EIA studies, physical environmental
attributes such as ambient air quality, water quality, soil quality, noise levels,
physiography, hydrology, solid waste generation have been studied at selective
locations representing various land uses such as industrial, rural/ residential,
commercial and sensitive locations including the densely populated areas,
agricultural lands, forest lands and other ecologically sensitive areas, if any falling
within 10 km radius study area.
The baseline studies are carried out for three months, covering partly pre
monsoon season, 2014 (1st March 2014 to 31st May 2014) in the various domains
of environment. This report incorporates the baseline data monitored during
study period and secondary data collected from various Government and Semi-
Government organizations.
3.2 Geology and Hydrogeology
3.2.1 Physiography
Geomorphological setting of Burdwan district can be divided into three units: i)

Plateau area (extension of Chotanagpur are of Bihar) the westernmost Asansol-
Kulti sector. ii) Undulatory area-Asansol-Durgapur sector. iii) Flat alluvium
terrain-From Durgapur eastwards.
The predominant physical features over major part of the study area is the rolling
and flat plan topography with substantial part under resent flood plains. The
topography of the project site is plain with elevation 75 m above Mean Sea Level.
The area is characterised by hat and humid climate. It receives adequate rainfall
from southwest monsoon which sets in the latter half of June and withdraws in
mid of October. The normal annual rainfall indicates that average rainfall is
1191.1 mm.

Chapter-3
3.2.2 Drainage
Damodar River running west to southeast 1.3 km southwest of the plant site is
the major steam in the area. Damodar River is a river flowing across the Indian
states of West Bengal and Jharkhand. Rich in mineral resources, the valley is
home to large-scale mining and industrial activity. Earlier known as the Sorrow of
Bengal because of its ravaging floods in the plains of West Bengal, the Damodar
and its tributaries have been somewhat tamed with the construction of several
dams. It has a number of tributaries and sub-tributaries, such as Barakar, Konar,
Bokaro, Haharo, Jamunia, Ghari, Guaia, Khadia and Bhera.
The Damodar Valley is spread across Hazaribagh, Ramgarh, Koderma, Giridih,

Dhanbad, Bokaro and Chatra districts in Jharkhand and Bardhaman and Hooghly
districts in West Bengal and partially covers Palamu, Ranchi, Lohardaga and
Dumka districts in Jharkhand and Howrah, Bankura and Purulia districts in West
Bengal with a command area of 24,235 km².
The drainage in the study area is mainly Damodar river and its tributaries. The
secondary tributaries are Talma, Choupai, Barajuri and and Barjor. There are no
streams or rivers passing through the proposed project area.
The Drainage map of the study area is shown in Figure-3.2.1.

Chapter-3
87° 10' 87° 15' 87° 20'
23° 23°
35' 35'
Ta
m
la
N
Chouphai N
Da
m
od 10 Km
ar
R ive
r
Barajuri N
23° 23°
30' 30'
aN
jor
Ba r
SCALE
1 0 1 2 Km
Topo Sheet Nos.73 M/2, M/3, M/6 & M/7.

87° 10' 87° 15' 87° 20'
LEGEND River/Nala
Proposed Plant Site
Existing Plant
Ash Dyke Area
Coal Yard
FIGURE-3.2.1
DRAINAGE MAP OF THE STUDY AREA
Chapter-3
3.2.3 Regional Geology
Geologically the Burdwan district is divided in to three parts. A) The extreme

northwestern small part of this district, near Rupnarainpur in Salanpur Block, is
occupied by the Achaean metamorphic rock, viz. granite gneiss, hornblende
schist, which are traversed by bands/patches of amphibolites, pegmatites and
quartz veins. B) The western part of about 2063 sq.km is covered by Up-
Palaeozoic-Mesozoic-Tertiary sequence of Gondwana Super group of sedimentary
rocks of fluviatile-lacustrine origin, deposited in intracratonic basins. The Lr.
Gondwana Damuda Group of rocks of Permo- Carboniferous age contain valuable
resources of coal seams. C) The major central and the eastern parts of about
4965 sq.km of the district is covered by alluvium blanket comprising of Older
Alluvium, Younger Alluvium, Laterite, Sand, Gravel, lithomargic clay, etc. of Up.
Tertiary-Quaternary age.
The master slope of the district is from west to east and southeast with the land
having the highest altitude at the extreme western corner of approx. 150 m msl
to about 10 m near Kalna at the eastern border of the district. Laterite and red
soil in the western part of the district and Vindhyan and Gangetic alluvium in rest
of the area observed. The district remarkably presents the entire geological
succession from Archaean to recent. The western part of the district comprising
the Raniganj coalfield is underlain by the Gondwana sedimentary rocks and
contains valuable coal deposits. The central part and eastern part of the district
are underlain by alluvial formations.
3.2.4 Geology of the Study area
Geologically the study area comes under Durgapur-Faridpur area in Burdwan

district of West Bengal is overlain by a thin alluvial cover and forms a transition
zone between hard rock and flat gently sloping alluvial terrain. The alluvial area
stretches eastwards beyond Durgapur to the rest of the district. The thickness of
alluvial cover in the Durgapur area increases in the eastward direction.
Exploration for ground water in Durgapur area has revealed the presence of
sediments, which are co-relatable with the Raniganj coalfield rocks. By
paleonological findings the age of the rocks are now fixed as Middle Triassic to
Jurassic, against Miocene as thought earlier. The sedimentary framework is
suggested to be mainly continental, with a marine transgression during
Oligocene-Miocene times. The exploration has further proved the ground water
worthiness of the eastern fringe of Durgapur area.
3.2.5 Hydrogeology
The hydrogeological studies to understand the local geology, geomorphic

features, drainage network, aquifer characteristics and yield of water.
Accordingly, various components controlling the hydrogeological regime.
Hydrogeological map of the study area is shown in Figure-3.2.2.

Chapter-3
FIGURE-3.2.2
HYDROGEOLOGICAL MAP OF THE STUDY AREA
3.2.6 Occurrence of Ground Water
Ground water systems are a result of the complex combination of different

lithological and structural types within an area that together constitutes an
aquifer within which ground water accumulates and moves. Rather than
describing individual lithological and their tendencies to form aquifers or
otherwise, it is useful to describe the ground water as one continuous across
various lithological types (Kulkarni and Deolankar, 1995).
As per the CGWB report of Burdwan District. In the major part of the district,
ground water in thick unconsolidated Quaternaries and Tertiaries deposited under
fluviatile environment, the sand and/or gravel in different proportions of this
formation constitute the main aquifer and they occur down to 295 m bgl in the
central and eastern part of the district. Deeper aquifers occur under semi-
confined to confined condition.
Groundwater in the western Upper-Palaeozoic-Mesozoic-Tertiary sequences of

Gondwana Supergroup of sedimentaries occur under both unconfined and
confined conditions down to 150.35 m bgl. Groundwater in the extreme north-
western small part of Salanpur Block occupied by the archaean metamorphics
occurs down to a depth of about 82 m bgl under both unconfined and confined
conditions down to 150.35 m bgl. It mainly occurs under unconfined condition in
the dug well zone and under semi confined to confined condition in the deeper
horizons.
Study area comes under Durgapur-Faridpur block. As per the CGWB report of
Burdwan District. Ground Water occurs in the block Semi-confined to Confined
conditions. Occurrence of aquifers in general, in the depth span of 12.00-38.00 m
bgl, 31.00-55.00 m bgl and 70.00-88.00 m bgl.

Chapter-3
3.2.7 Water Levels
As per the CGWB report of Burdwan District. The depth to water level in pre-
monsoon period (2006) varies from 1.43 to 19.03 m bgl whereas that to post-
monsoon it is from 1.03 to 31.00 m bgl.
The long term water level monitoring data of CGWB observation well data at
Burdwan and Bankura in the study area indicate a marginal declining trend (0.5
m) of average ground water levels. Water level data of CGWB monitoring wells
between 2005 & 2013 and the well hydrograph are presented in Table-3.2.1 and
Figure-3.2.3 respectively.
TABLE-3.2.1
LONG TERM WATER LEVELS OF CGWB
MONITORING WELLS IN STUDY AREA
Year Month Durgapurbarage Andal Basudebpur Average

2005 Jan 3.66 1 3.98 2.88
May 3.6 5.84 9.95 6.46
Aug 2.28 1 1.64
Nov 3.31 1.16 3.02 2.50
2006 Jan 4.9 2.45 3.12 3.49
May 4.24 5.7 11.15 7.03
Aug 2.2 0.89 2.78 1.96
Nov 2.95 1.55 4.4 2.97
2007 Jan 3.75 2.18 2.98 2.97
May 2.93 4.11 5.9 4.31
Aug 2.4 0.42 3.3 2.04
Nov 2.47 0.52 4.25 2.41
2008 Jan 3.6 1.18 5.25 3.34
May 3.22 3.48 5.2 3.97
Aug 1.9 0.27 2.75 1.64
Nov 2.55 3.51 4.24 3.43
2009 Jan 3.69 1.03 5.19 3.30
May 3.3 2.52 6.06 3.96
Aug 1.98 0.66 3.4 2.01
Nov 2.6 4.7 3.19 3.50
2010 Jan 3.65 1.4 11.8 5.62
May 3.5 7.04 7.4 5.98
Aug 3.03 5.02 7.3 5.12
Nov 3.15 3.02 11.7 5.96
2011 Jan 3.83 5.62 10.7 6.72
May 4.65 3.52 6.8 4.99
Aug 1.35 2.5 1.93
Nov 4.94 4.6 4.77
2012 Jan 6.38 5.25 5.82
May 2.4 7.78 5.09
Aug 1.27 2.67 1.97
Nov 2.64 2.72 4.99 3.45
2013 Jan 6.29 6.96 6.63
May 5.05 4.32 4.25 4.54
Aug 3.2 1.6 2.65 2.48
Nov 2.8 2.31 3.04 2.72
Average Jan 3.90 3.06 6.14
Water Level May 3.81 4.33 7.17
Aug 2.43 1.39 3.42
Nov 2.81 2.71 4.83
Source: Ground water information system
Chapter-3
FIGURE-3.2.3
WELL HYDROGRAPH OF CGWB MONITORING WELLS
3.2.8 Aquifer Characteristics
As per the CGWB report of Burdwan District. Tube wells in the Central and
eastern part constructed tapping both semi-confined and confined aquifers are
characterized generally medium duty (50-150 m3/hr) to heavy duty (>150 m3/hr)
yield with nominal drawdown of 4-5 m. Transmissivity (T) values rages from
30.77-17.00 m2/day and the storativity ranges from 2.0 x 10-4 to 188 x 10-4. The
aquifers of Gondwana sedimentories and archaean metamorphics show T values
ranging from 40 to 50 m2/day and storativity value is about 14x10-4.
3.2.9 Ground Water Resources
Ground Water Recharge

The main source of ground water recharge is by the rainfall by direct percolation
to the zone of saturation. A significant part of the rainfall is lost as runoff from
area while a limited percentage of rainfall therefore reaches zone of saturation
and becomes the part of ground water storage after meeting the evaporation and
evapo-transpiration losses. Runoff joining Damodar River is supplemented to
ground water recharge. There is also ground water recharge from the return flow
of irrigation water from dug wells and tube wells operated by the cultivators and
from canals.
The dynamic groundwater resources of Burdwan district has been estimated

jointly by CGWB and SWID. Govt of West Bengal, following the norms laid down
by GEC-1997 methodology and projected as on 31.03.2009 is given in Table-
3.2.2 and the dynamic ground resource of Durgapur-Faridpur block as on
31.03.2004 is given in Table-3.2.3.

Chapter-3
TABLE-3.2.2
THE DYNAMIC GROUNDWATER RESOURCES
OF BURDWAN DISTRICT AS ON 31.03.2009
Sr. Particulars Quantity

No. (HAM)
1 Total Annual Replenishable Ground Water Resources 336933
2 Natural Discharge during Non-Monsoon Period 30605
3 Net Annual Ground Water Availability 306328
4 Total Annual Ground Water Draft 152138
5 Projected demand for Domestic and Industrial uses upto 2025 8343
6 Net Ground Water Availability for Future Irrigation use 155063
7 Stage of Ground Water Development (%) 50 (“SAFE”)
TABLE-3.2.3
THE DYNAMIC GROUNDWATER RESOURCES OF
DURGAPUR-FARIDPUR BLOCK AS ON 31.03.2004
Sr. Particulars Quantity

No. (HAM)
1 Net Ground Water Availability 5268
2 Irrigation has been done through 117 nos of STW, the irrigation 254
draft has been projected up to 2004
3 Stage of Ground Water Development (%) 8.03
(“SAFE”)
Ground water balance in respect of the study area has been estimated and
indicated in Table 3.2.4. As per the GEC 1997 norms, areas where ground water
resource assessment shows stage of ground water development 70% or lower,
and there is no significant long term decline of pre or post-monsoon ground water
levels are categorized as “Safe”. The stage of ground water development in the
study area is 23.64% and that in Durgapur-Faridapur block as per CGWB district
profile is 8.03%. Since the water requirement of the existing and proposed NSPCL
project is met from surface water drawn from Waria reservoir, there will be no
impact on ground water in the area.
TABLE-3.2.4
THE DYNAMIC GROUNDWATER RESOURCES OF STUDY AREA
Quantity
Sr. No. Particulars
(MCM)
I Gross groundwater recharge 83.30
ii Natural discharge to drain and other losses – 10% of (i) 8.33
Iii Net groundwater availability (i-ii) 74.97
iv Annual groundwater draft for all uses 17.72
v Groundwater balance (iii-iv) 57.25
vi Water requirement for proposed expansion 0.00
Vii Balance of groundwater left for development 57.25
viii Present stage of groundwater development in study area 23.64
Present stage of groundwater development in Durgapur-Faridapur 8.03
iX
block as per CGWB District Profile (Safe)
Stage of ground water development including use for proposed
X 23.64
project

Chapter-3
3.2.10 Flood Hazard
Damodar River running west to southeast 1.20 km southwest of the plant site is
the major river in the study area. Damodar River is a river flowing across the
Indian states of West Bengal and Jharkhand. Earlier known as “Sorrow of Bengal”
because of its ravaging floods in the plains of West Bengal, the Damodar and its
tributaries have been somewhat controlled with the construction of several dams.
Traditionally, Damodar basin was known to be a curse. The basin of River

Damodar has a very special shape and this influences its flood pattern. The river
has about 70% of its basin just upstream of Durgapur town. These upper
catchments of Jharkhand plateau, above Durgapur, generates heavy run-off
during high rainfall and is carried to Durgapur in a short time. From here, this
discharge travels through the river, bifurcating at Beguahana. One branch, the
lower Damodar with very small capacity, reaches the Hoogly on the west bank.
The major discharge passes through the Mundeswari to meet the Rupnarayan.
Any major discharge along the downstream of Durgapur Barrage may cause flood
depending upon the outfall condition of Mundeswari at Harinkhola.
As per the flood hazard map published based on SOI (Survey of India) flood atlas
and CWC (Central Water Commission) task force report, the plant area is not
liable to floods. Flood hazard map is shown in Figure-3.2.4.
FIGURE-3.2.4
FLOOD HAZARD MAP

Chapter-3
3.2.11 Cyclones
Cyclones form in certain favourable atmospheric and oceanic conditions. There

are marked seasonal variations in their places of origin, tracks and attainment of
intensities. These behaviours help in predicting their movements. Pre and post
monsoon storms are more violent than the storms of the monsoon season.
The coastal stretch of West Bengal is necessarily highly vulnerable to cyclone. The
phenomenal storm surge in coastal West Bengal is due to it peculiar bathymetry
and nature of coastal belt. The northern part of Bay of Bengal is very shallow. The
coast is also landlocked on three sides. As a result when a very severe cyclonic
storm or a hurricane approaches the coast, the enormous storm surge generated
by the wind pressure submerges the coastal belt at the time of the storm crossing
the belt. The frequency of storms crossing this belt is also high.
West Bengal has two cyclonic seasons – pre-monsoon and post-monsoon cyclone
during April-May and Nov-Dec respectively. Pre-monsoon cyclone, which causes
wide spread hailstorm and it is traditionally called in the state as Kalibaishaki.
Paschim Medinipur, Purba Medinipur, South 24 Paraganas, North 24 Paraganas,
Howrah, Hooghly, part of Nadia, Burdwan and Bankura are located in very high
damage risk zone (V=50m/s) with respect to cyclone, where as a major part of
Nadia, Burdwan, Bankura, Murshidabad, Malda, Uttar and Dakshin Dinajpur,
Jalpaiguir, Cooch Behar, Darjeeling, part of Purulia encounter with high damage
risk zone (V=47m/s). Wind and cyclone hazard map is shown in Figure-3.2.5.
FIGURE-3.2.5
WIND AND CYCLONE HAZARD MAP

Chapter-3
3.3 Land Use Studies
Studies on land use aspects of eco-system play important roles for identifying
sensitive issues, if any, and taking appropriate actions for maintaining the
ecological balance in the development of the region.
3.3.1 Objectives
The objectives of land use studies are:
• To determine the present land use pattern;

• To analyze the impacts on land use due to plant activities in the study area;
and
• To give recommendations for optimizing the future land use pattern vis-a-vis
growth of plant activities in the study area and its associated impacts.
3.3.2 Methodology
For the study of land use, literature review of various secondary sources such as
District Census Handbooks, regional maps regarding topography, zoning
settlement, industry, forest etc., were taken. The data was collected from various
sources like District Census Handbook, Revenue records, state and central
government offices and Survey of India (SOI) Top sheets and also through
primary field surveys.
3.3.3 Land use Based on Secondary Data
Based on the census report, 10-km radial distance around this Plant Centre has
been considered in the study. These areas were studied in detail to get the idea
of land use pattern in the study area. The land use census data 2011 is not
available and the land use pattern of the study area as per 2001 Census is
presented in Table-3.3.1. The village wise land use data is presented in
Annexure-IX.
TABLE-3.3.1
LAND USE PATTERN IN THE STUDY AREA
Sr. NoParticulars of Land use 0-3 km 3-7 km 7-10 km 0-10 km (%)

1 Forest Land 0 16 937 954 2.88
2 Land under Cultivation
a) Irrigation Land 0 1683 2298 3981 12.0
b) Un Irrigated Land 0 3868 3875 7742 23.35
3 Cultivable Waste Land 0 479 1122 1601 4.83
4 Area not Available for Cultivation 0 1612 2722 4333 13.07
5 Urban Area 2576 5308 6661 14545 43.87
Total Area 2576 12966 17615 33156 100.00
Source: District Census Hand Book –2001
• Forest
The revenue forest land under the study area consists 954 ha (2.88%) of the
total geographic area.

Chapter-3
• Land under Cultivation
Altogether 11724 ha cultivable land (irrigated and un-irrigated) was observed in

the study area. The irrigated land admeasures to about 3981 ha in the study area
which works out to be 12.0% of total study area. The un-irrigated land
admeasures about 7742 ha and works out to about 23.35% of the total study
area.
• Cultivable Waste
This land includes that land, which was cultivated sometime back and left vacant
during the past 5 years in succession. Such lands may either be fallows or
covered with shrubs, which are not put to any use. Lands under thatching grass,
bamboo bushes, other grooves useful for fuel etc., and all grazing lands and
village common lands are also included in this category. The study area
comprises about 4.83% cultivable wastelands.
• Land not available for Cultivation
The land not available for cultivation is 13.07% of the total study area, which
includes area of land with scrub, land without scrub, quarry, mining area, rocky/
stony and barren area.
• Urban Area
The Urban area under the study area consists 14545 ha (43.87%) of the total
geographic area.
3.3.4 Land Use Based on Satellite Imagery
Present land use based on remote sensing satellite imageries were collected and
interpreted for the 10 km radius study area for analyzing the land use pattern of
the study area. Based on the satellite data, land use/ land cover maps have been
prepared.
• Land use/Land Cover Classification System
The present land use / land cover maps were prepared based on the classification
system of National standards. For explanation for each of the land use category
the details as given in Table-3.3.2 are considered.
TABLE-3.3.2
LAND USE/LAND COVER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM
Sr. No. Level-1 Level-2

1 Built-up Land Town/cities
Villages
Institution/Industry/Godown etc
Plotted Area/Layout
2 Agriculture Land Crop Land
Plantations
Fallow
3 Forest Evergreen/Semi evergreen

Chapter-3
Sr. No. Level-1 Level-2

Deciduous
Forest Plantation
4 Wastelands Rocky/Stony Waste
Land with /without scrubs
Saline/sandy & Marshy/swampy
5 Water Bodies River/Stream
Lake/Reservoir/Tanks
6 Others Orchard/Other Plantation
Shifting cultivation
Salt Pans, Snow covered/Glacial
Barren/Vacant Land
Data Requirements
IRS Resourcesat 2 L4FMX was acquired for 24th February 2012 and was used for
the mapping and interpretation. Besides, other collateral data as available in the
form of maps, charts, census records, other reports and especially topographical
survey of India maps are used. In addition to this, ground truth survey was also
conducted to verify and confirm the ground features.
Methodology
The methodology adopted for preparation of land use/land cover thematic map is
monoscopic visual interpretation of geocoded scenes of IRS Resourcesat 2 L4FMX
and field observations are taken. The various steps involved in the study are
preparatory field work, field survey and post field work.
Pre-Field Interpretation of Satellite Data
The False Color Composite (FCC) of IRS Resourcesat 2 L4FMX satellite data used
for pre-field interpretation work. Taking the help of topo-sheets, geology and
geomorphology and by using the image elements the features are identified and
delineated the boundaries roughly. Each feature is identified on image by their
image elements like tone, texture, colour, shape, size, pattern and association. A
tentative legend in terms of land cover and land use, physiography and erosion
was formulated. The sample areas for field check are selected covering all the
physiographic, land use/land cover feature cum image characteristics.
Ground Truth Collection
Both toposheets and imagery were taken for field verification and a transverse
plan using existing road network was made to cover as many representative
sample areas as possible to observe the broad landuse features and to adjust the
sample areas according to field conditions. Detailed field observations and
investigations were carried out and noted the landuse features on the imagery.
Post Field Work
The base maps of the study area were prepared, with the help of Survey of India
Topo-sheets. Preliminary interpreted land use and the land cover features
boundaries from IRS Resourcesat 2 L4FMX (5 m resolution) False Colour
Composite were modified in light of field information and the final thematic details
Chapter-3
were transferred onto the base maps. The final interpreted and classified thematic
map was catrographed. The cartographic map was coloured with standard colour
coding and detailed description of feature with standard symbols. All the classes
noted and marked by the standard legend on the map.
Final Output
The final output would be the landuse/land cover map and numerals were given
different colour code for each category as shown in map. Area estimation of all
features of Land use/Land cover categories was noted. The thematic map and
land use pattern is shown in Figure-3.3.1 and Figure-3.3.2. The details of the
land use in 10 km radial study area are given in Table-3.3.3.
TABLE 3.3.3
LAND USE BREAK UP OF THE STUDY AREA
Area Percentage
Sr. No. Land Use
(Hectares) (%)
Built-up Land/Other Development
1 Settlements 7462 22.06
2 Industry/Institutional Land 3567 10.56
3 Layout/New Development 83 0.24
4 Airstrip/Airport 188 0.56
Forest
5 Dense/Open Forest 83 0.25
6 Degraded Scrub Land 69 0.21
7 Forest Blanks 7 0.02
Agricultural land
8 Plantation 87 0.26
9 Irrigated/Double Crop 1904 5.60
10 Single Crop 10291 30.46
11 Fallow Land 1150 3.41
Waste Land
12 Land with Scrub 2280 6.75
13 Land without Scrub 740 2.19
14 Rocky/Stony/Barren Land 259 0.77
15 Quary/Mining/Dumping Land 319 0.94
16 Grass Land/Water Logged 308 0.91
Water Body
17 Stream/River 1373 4.07
18 Dry River 2107 6.24
19 Tank/Pond/Reservoir 1510 4.47
Total 33787 100.00
Observations
• Built-up-land: The total build-up-land constitutes 33.42 % of total study area.
• Forest Land : 0.48 % of land is occupied by forest land
• Agricultural land: The major part of the study are is occupied by agricultural
land which constitutes about 39.73 % of the total area of 13432 ha.
• Waste Land : 11.56 % of land is waste land
• Water Body: 14.78 % of land is covered by water body.

Chapter-3
FIGURE-3.3.1
SATELLITE IMAGERY

Chapter-3
FIGURE-3.3.2
LAND USE MAP
Chapter-3
3.4 Soil Characteristics
It is essential to determine the potential of soil in the area and identify the
impacts of industrialization on soil quality. Accordingly, a study of assessment of
the soil quality has been carried out.
3.4.1 Data Generation
For studying soil profile of the region, sampling locations were selected to assess
the existing soil conditions in and around the plant site area representing various
land use conditions. The physical, chemical and heavy metal concentrations were
determined. The samples were collected by ramming a core-cutter into the soil up
to a depth of 90 cm. A total of five samples within the study area were collected
and analyzed. The details of the soil sampling locations are given in Table-3.4.1
and are shown in Figure-3.4.1. The sampling has been carried out once in the
study period.
TABLE-3.4.1
DETAILS OF SOIL SAMPLING LOCATIONS
Station Code Location Distance (km) Bearing

wrt Plant Site
S1 Plant site -- --
S2 Near DSP Main Gate 2.2 N
S3 Faridpur 3.3 E
S4 Pursha 1.1 S
S5 Waria 2.2 WNW
The soil quality at all the locations during the study period is given in
Table-3.4.2. The results are compared with standard classification given in
Table-3.4.3.
3.4.2 Baseline Soil Status
It has been observed that the texture of soil is mostly sandy clay in the study
area. It has been observed that the pH of the soil quality ranged from 7.5 to 8.2
indicating that the soil is slightly alkaline to moderately alkaline in nature.
The electrical conductivity was observed to be in the range of 168 to 250 µS/cm,
with minimum (168 µS/cm) observed at S1 and with the maximum 250 µS/cm
observed at S5 during the study period.
Available potassium was observed to be in the range of 224.8 kg/ha to 465

kg/ha. The maximum value (465 kg/ha) was found to be in S5 and minimum
value 224.8 kg/ha was found to be in S1.
Phosphorus and nitrogen contents are in the range of 62.9 kg/ha to 126.5 kg/ha
and 54.6 kg/ha to 98.6 kg/ha.

Chapter-3
TABLE 3.4.2
SOIL ANALYSIS RESULTS
Sr. No. Location UOM S1 S2 S3 S4 S5
1 pH -- 7.6 7.9 8.0 7.5 8.2
2 Conductivity µs/cm 168.0 182.0 175.0 210.0 250.0
3 Texture -- Sandy Sandy Sandy Sandy Sandy
Clay Clay Clay Clay Clay
4 Sand % 35 40 36 42 42
5 Silt % 27 22 24 18 23
6 Clay % 38 38 40 40 35
7 Bulk Density g/cc 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2
8 Exchangeable Calcium as Ca mg/kg 1450 1510 1650 1850 2030
9 Exchangeable Magnesium as Mg mg/kg 180 210 350 250 280
10 Exchangeable Sodium as Na mg/kg 160 180 190 250 300
11 Available Potassium as K Kg/ha 224.8 289.9 306.9 372.0 465.0
12 Available Phosphorous Kg/ha 62.9 69.2 83.5 90.5 126.5
13 Available Nitrogen as N Kg/ha 55.8 54.6 58.0 63.2 98.6
14 Organic Matter % 2.05 2.27 2.06 5.15 6.99
15 Water soluble chloride as Cl mg/kg 212.7 248.2 283.6 319.1 460.9
16 Water soluble sulphates as SO4 mg/kg 158.0 167.8 172.3 256.3 296.6
17 Sodium Absorption Ratio mg/kg 0.47 0.51 0.50 0.65 0.74
18 Aluminium % 1.80 1.86 1.95 2.0 2.3
19 Total iron % 1.02 1.03 1.09 1.52 1.82
20 Manganese mg/kg 380.0 360.0 400.2 406.8 480.0
21 Boron mg/kg 35.0 40.0 42.0 52.4 60.8
22 Zinc mg/kg 78.0 82.0 76.0 86.0 98.6
23 Organic Carbon % 1.19 1.32 1.20 2.98 4.06

Chapter-3
TABLE-3.4.3
STANDARD SOIL CLASSIFICATION
Sr. No. Soil Test Classification

1 pH <4.5 Extremely acidic
4.51- 5.50 Very strongly acidic
5.51-6.00 Moderately acidic
6.01-6.50 Slightly acidic
6.51-7.30 Neutral
7.31-7.80 Slightly alkaline
7.81-8.50 Moderately alkaline
8.51-9.00 Strongly alkaline
>9.00 Very strongly alkaline
2 Salinity Electrical Conductivity (ppm) Upto 1.00 Average
1.01-2.00 harmful to germination
(1 ppm =640µmho/cm) 2.01-3.00 Harmful to crops (sensitive to salts)
3 Organic Carbon Upto 0.20: Very less
0.21-0.40: Less
0.41-0.50: Medium,
0.51-0.80: On an avg. sufficient
0.81-1.00: Sufficient
>1.00 : More than sufficient
4 Nitrogen (kg/ha) Upto 50 Very less
51-100 Less
101-150 Good
151-300 Better
>300 Sufficient
5 Phosphorus (kg/ha) Upto 15 Very less
16-30 Less
31-50 Medium,
51-65 On an avg. sufficient
66-80 Sufficient
>80 More than sufficient
6 Potash (kg/ha) 0 -120 Very less
120-180 Less
181-240 Medium
241-300 Average
301-360 Better
>360s More than sufficient
Source: Hand book of Agriculture, ICAR, New Delhi

Chapter-3
FIGURE-3.4.1
SOIL SAMPLING LOCATIONS

Chapter-3
3.5 Meteorology
The meteorological data recorded during the monitoring period is very useful for
proper interpretation of the baseline information as well as for input prediction
models for air quality dispersion. Historical data on meteorological parameters will
also play an important role in identifying the general meteorological regime of the
region.
The year may broadly be divided into four seasons:
• Winter season : December to February

• Pre-monsoon season : March to May
• Monsoon season : June to September
• Post-monsoon season : October to November
On-site monitoring was undertaken for various meteorological variables in order

to generate the site-specific data. Data was collected at site every hour
continuously from 1st March 2014 to 31st May 2014. The generated data then was
compared with the meteorological data generated by nearest India Meteorological
Department (IMD) station located at Bankura which is located at a distance of (35
km) towards (SSW) direction. The available meteorological data of IMD, Bankura
station has been collected and analyzed.
3.5.1 Secondary Data collected from IMD- Bankura
Secondary data from IMD-Bankura has been collected for pressure, temperature,
relative humidity, rainfall, evaporation, wind speed and direction. The data at IMD
is usually measured twice a day viz., at 0830 and 1730 hr.
3.5.1.1 Meteorological Data
The meteorological data is collected from the IMD-Bankura which is the nearest
operating IMD station to the project site area. The data collected from IMD
station includes wind speed, wind direction (recorded in sixteen directions),
temperature, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure and rainfall over a period of
10 years. The monthly maximum, minimum and average values are collected for
all the parameters except wind speed and direction. The collected data is
tabulated in Table-3.5.1.
TABLE-3.5.1
CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA-STATION: IMD, (1999-2012)
Month Atmospheric Temperature (0C) Relative Rainfall (mm)

Pressure (mb) Max Min Humidity (%) Monthly Total
January 1014.7 23.2 12.8 70 105.5
February 1012.8 30.2 17.6 62 155.6
March 1008.5 32.5 23.2 52 291.2
April 1005.0 36.3 27.9 59 394.7
May 1000.9 35.9 39.1 65 1099.9
June 997.9 35.1 28.1 76 2574.9
July 998.4 31.4 27.9 83 3125.7
August 999.8 30.5 27.4 85 2567.5
September 1003.5 30.4 27.0 85 2677.7

Chapter-3
Month Atmospheric Temperature (0C) Relative Rainfall (mm)

Pressure (mb) Max Min Humidity (%) Monthly Total
October 1009.1 28.8 24.7 82 1117.1
November 1012.9 26.5 18.4 76 115.9
December 1015.0 23.3 14.2 73 73.9
3.5.1.2 Annual Wind Pattern
08:30 Hours:
A review of the wind rose diagram shown in Figure-3.5.1
Predominant winds from south direction were observed for 7.0 % of the total
time, with wind speeds (with % frequencies) in the range of 0.5-1.0 kmph
(2.4%), 1-1.5 kmph (2.7%), 1.5-4.5 kmph (1.8%), 4.5-7.0 kmph (0.1%) and
7.0-25.0 kmph (0.0%). In the NE direction winds were observed for 5.4% of the
total time, with wind speeds and frequencies in the range of 0.5-1.0 kmph
(2.6%), 1-1.5 kmph (1.7%), 1.5-4.5 kmph (1.0%), 4.5-7.0 kmph (0.1%) and
7.0-25.0 kmph (0.0%). Whereas in E direction the winds were observed for 3.8%
of the total time with wind speeds and frequencies in the range of 0.5-1.0 kmph
(1.0%), 1-1.5 kmph (1.9%), 1.5-4.5 kmph (0.9%) and 4.5-25.0 kmph (0.0%).
In other directions, the percentage frequencies observed were SE (3.6%), W

(2.5%), SW (2.4%), N (2.3%), NW (2.2%), ENE and SSE (0.9%), SSW and NNW
(0.4%), NNE (0.3%), ESE and WNW (0.2%) and calm condition is about to
67.7%.
17:30 Hours:
A review of the wind rose diagram shown in Figure-3.5.2
Predominant winds from S direction were observed for 7.6% of the total time,
with wind speeds (with % frequencies) in the range of 0.5-1.0 kmph (2.4%), 1-
1.5 kmph (2.6%), 1.5-4.5 kmph (2.6%) and 4.5-25.0 kmph (0.0%). In the E
direction winds were observed for 5.9% of the total time, with wind speeds and
frequencies in the range of 0.5-1.0 kmph (1.6%), 1-1.5 kmph (2.8%), 1.5-4.5
kmph (1.5%) and 4.5-25.0 kmph (0.0%). Whereas in SE direction the winds were
observed for 5.5% of the total time with wind speeds and frequencies in the
range of 0.5-1.0 kmph (1.6%), 1-1.5 kmph (2.2%), 1.5-4.5 kmph (1.7%) and
4.5-25.0 kmph (0.0%).
In other directions, the percentage frequencies observed were NE (4.0%), SW

(1.3%), SSE (1.0%), ENE and ESE (0.9%), N (0.8%), NW (0.7%), W (0.6%),
SSW (0.4%), NNE (0.2%) and calm condition is about to 69.2%.
3.5.2 Primary Data Collected from Project site
Primary data from project area has been collected for temperature, relative
humidity, rainfall, and atmospheric pressure.

Chapter-3
3.5.2.1 Methodology
Site specific data covering micro-meteorological parameters were recorded on

hourly basis during the study period and comprises of parameters like wind
speed, wind direction (from 0 to 360 degrees), temperature, relative humidity,
atmospheric pressure and rainfall. The minimum, maximum and average values
for all the parameters except wind speed and direction are presented in Table-
3.5.2.
TABLE-3.5.2
SUMMARY OF THE METEOROLOGICAL DATA GENERATED AT SITE
Month Temperature Relative Humidity Rainfall Atmospheric

(0C) (%) (mm) Pressure (mb)
Min Max Min Max Min Max
Pre Monsoon 2014
March 2014 19.3 37.8 38.4 69.2 26.2 985.4 1002.7
April 2014 21.1 42.1 18.7 30.1 0 994.6 1005.2
May2014 23.4 44.4 36.5 64.3 75.4 989.4 999.7
Range 19.3-44.4 18.7-69.2 102.6 985.4-1005.2
Wind Speed/ Directions
The windrose for the study period is shown in Figure-3.5.3 and presented in
Table-3.5.3.
TABLE-3.5.3
SUMMARY OF WIND PATTERN AT THE STUDY AREA
Season Pre Monsoon season 2014

First Predominant Wind Direction S (8.4%)
Second Predominant Wind Direction E (5.0%)
Predominant Wind Speeds (kmph) 1.3 to 5.0
5.1to 11.0
11.1 to 19.0
Calm conditions (%) 57.9%
Note: Figures in parenthesis indicates percentage of time wind blows
Pre-Monsoon Season, 2014
Predominant winds from S direction were observed for 8.4% of the total time. In
the E direction winds were observed for 5.0% of the total time. Whereas, in SE
direction the winds were observed for 4.0% of the total time. In other directions,
the percentage frequencies observed were W (3.7%), SSW (2.7%), WNW
(2.5%), NE (2.4%), SSE (2.2%), NW (1.7%), N, NNE & ESE (1.6%), SW (1.4%),
NNW (1.2%), ENE (1.1%) and WSW (1.0%). Calm conditions prevailed for 57.9%
of the time.
3.5.3 Comparison of Primary and Secondary Data
The India Meteorological Department (IMD) records the data twice a day viz. 0830
hr and 1730 hr while the site-specific data has been recorded at an hourly interval.
On comparison of site specific data generated for study period vis-à-vis the IMD
data, slight variations were observed. The following observations are brought out:

Chapter-3
• The predominant wind direction observed at the proposed project during the
study period were S for 8.4 % of the total time and followed by E direction for
5.0 % of the total time, whereas the predominant wind direction and wind
speed as recorded by IMD, Bankura during the Pre-Monsoon season are S and
E followed by SE;
• The temperature recorded on site when compared vis-à-vis the IMD data, slight
variations was found. The mean maximum and mean minimum temperatures
recorded at site during study period were 44.4oC and 19.3oC, whereas the
maximum and minimum values recorded at IMD-Bankura during the same
period are 36.3oC and 23.2oC respectively;
• The Relative Humidity was observed to range from 18.7-69.2% during the
study period at the site, whereas according to IMD-Bankura, the Relative
Humidity was observed to be in the range of 65% during the same season.
The data generated at proposed project site when compared with the data recorded
at IMD, it is observed that the data generated at the site is broadly in comparison
with regional meteorology, except for minor variations as described above. The
variation can be attributed to the topographical changes, elevation differences and
also could be due to distance between project site and IMD station.

Chapter-3
Source: Indian Meteorological Department, Pune
FIGURE-3.5.1
ANNUAL WIND ROSE AT 08.30 HRS (IMD-BANKURA)
Chapter-3
Source: Indian Meteorological Department, Pune
FIGURE-3.5.2
ANNUAL WIND ROSE AT 17.30 HRS (IMD-BANKURA)

Chapter-3
.6%
NN
N 1.6%
W
E1
4%
N
1.2
W
NN
2.
1.
WN
E
%
W
N
7
%
2.5 %
% E 1.1
EN
W 3.7% C-57.9% E 5.0%
% ES
1.0 E1
W .6%
WS
4%
1.
SS
SE
%
SW
E2
2.7
4.
0%
.2%
W
SS
S 8.4%
SCALE 5%
SPEED CALM
1.0 5 11 19 >19
FIGURE-3.5.3
SITE SPECIFIC WINDROSE (PRE-MONSOON 2014)

Chapter-3
3.6 Ambient Air Quality
The ambient air quality with respect to the study zone of 10 km radius around the
plant site forms the baseline information. The prime objective of the baseline air
quality study was to assess the existing air quality of the area. This will also be
useful for assessing the conformity to standards of the ambient air quality during
the plant site operations. The study area represents mostly rural/residential
environment.
This section describes the selection of sampling locations, methodology adopted for
sampling, analytical techniques and frequency of sampling.
3.6.1 Methodology adopted for Air Quality Survey
Selection of Sampling Locations
The baseline status of the ambient air quality has been assessed through a
scientifically designed ambient air quality-monitoring network. The design of
monitoring network in the air quality surveillance program has been based on the
following considerations:
• Meteorological conditions on synoptic scale;

• Topography of the study area;
• Representatives of regional background air quality for obtaining baseline status;
and
• Representatives of likely impact areas.
Ambient Air Quality Monitoring (AAQM) stations were set up at four locations with
due consideration to the above mentioned points. Table-3.6.1 gives the details of
environmental setting around each monitoring station. The locations of the selected
stations with reference to the proposed plant site are given in the same table and
shown in Figure-3.6.1.
Frequency and Parameters for Sampling
Ambient air quality monitoring was carried out at a frequency of two days per
week at each location. The baseline data of air environment was monitored for
parameters mentioned below as per revised MoEF notification dated 18th
November 2009:
• Particulate Matter (PM10);

• Particulate Matter (PM2.5);
• Sulphur dioxide (SO2);
• Nitrogen dioxide (NO2);
• Carbon monoxide (CO);
• Ozone (O3);
• Lead (Pb);
• Ammonia (NH3);
• Benzene (C6H6);
• Benzo (a) pyrene (BaP) in Particulate Phase;
• Arsenic (As); and
• Nickel (Ni).

Chapter-3
TABLE-3.6.1
DETAILS OF AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING
Station Code Name of the Station Distance (km) Direction
Plant Site
AAQ1 Plant site -- --
AAQ2 Near DSP Main Gate-1 2.2 N
AAQ3 Faridpur 3.3 E
AAQ4 Pursha 1.1 S
Duration of Sampling
The sampling duration for PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and NO2 were twenty-four hourly
continuous samples per day and CO, O3 as sampled for 8 hrs continuous thrice a
day. This is to allow a comparison with the present revised standards mentioned in
the latest Gazette Notification of the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB)
(November 18, 2009).
3.6.2 Instruments used for Sampling
Dust Samplers of Pollutech instruments were used for monitoring PM10 (<10
microns), PM2.5 and gaseous pollutants like SO2 and NO2. Glass tubes were
deployed for collection of grab samples of carbon monoxide. Gas Chromatography
techniques have been used for the estimation of CO.
Methods adapted for air quality analysis with its detection limits are given in Table-
3.6.2.
TABLE-3.6.2
SAMPLING AND ANALYTICAL METHODS
& DETECTION LIMIT FOR AMBIENT AIR QUALITY PARAMETERS
Sr. No Parameter Method of Testing Detection Limit

1 Sulphur dioxide APHA – 704/ IS:5182(Part-II)-2001
4.0 µg/m3
APHA – 408/ IS:5182(Part-VI)-1975
2 Nitrogen Dioxide(NO2) (Modified Jacob & Hachheiser(Sodium 4.0 µg/m3
Arsenite Method)
3 Ozone IS:5182(Part-IX)-1974/APHA - 820 2.0 µg/m3
4 Ammonia APHA- 401 20.0 µg/m3
5 Carbon Monoxide IS:5182-Part-X (GC method) 50 µg/m3
P.M10/Respirable Internal Standard Operating Procedure(SOP)
6 5.0 µg/m3
Particulate Matter developed by Vimta Labs Limited
Internal Standard Operating Procedure(SOP)
7 P.M.2.5 5.0 µg/m3
developed by Vimta Labs Limited
USEPA Method-TO 17/
8 Benzene 0.01 µg/m3
USEPA Method-TO 3
9 Benzo (a) Pyrene USEPA Method-TO 13A 0.01 ng/m3
USEPA Method-IO 3.5 /
10 Arsenic, Nickel & Lead 0.001 µg/m3
USEPA Method-IO 3.2

Chapter-3
.6%
NN
N 1.6%
W
E1
4%
N
1.2
W
NN
2.
1.
WN
E
%
W
N
7%
2.5 .1%
% E1
EN
W 3.7% C-57.9% E 5.0%
% ESE
1.0 1.6
W
WS %
4%
1.
SS
SE
%
SW
E2
2.7
4.
0%
.2
W
%
SS
S 8.4%
FIGURE-3.6.1 SCALE 5%
AIR QUALITY SAMPLING LOCATIONS SPEED CALM
1.0 5 11 19 >19

Chapter-3
TABLE-3.6.3
SUMMARY OF AMBIENT AIR QUALITY RESULTS
Code Location SPM (µµg/m3) PM10 (µµg/m3) µg/m3)

PM2.5 (µ
Min Max Avg 98 %ile Min Max Avg 98 %ile Min Max Avg 98 %ile
AAQ1 Plant site 122.3 143.7 134.0 143.2 51.7 77.5 64.1 76.9 30.2 40.6 35.8 40.5
AAQ2 Near DSP Main Gate 133.5 168.2 149.1 167.2 57.3 80.4 70.5 78.7 32.6 43.8 37.7 43.0
AAQ3 Faridpur 93.5 118.9 108.8 118.6 48.1 63.3 55.6 63.3 21.3 34.6 28.4 34.2
AAQ4 Pursha 99.1 130.5 113.1 129.6 50.4 68.7 60.7 68.7 24.9 36.3 29.8 36.1
Range 93.5-168.2 48.1-80.4 21.3-43.8
Code Location µg/m3)

SO2 (µ NO2 (µµg/m3) µg/m3)
Hg(µ
Min Max Avg 98 %ile Min Min Avg 98 %ile Min Min Avg 98 %ile
AAQ1 Plant site 18.3 23.2 21.6 23.2 23.5 30.7 28.0 30.7 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
AAQ2 Near Main Gate 20.7 26.3 23.0 25.9 25.3 36.1 31.0 36.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
AAQ3 Faridpur 10.6 20.6 17.8 20.6 15.7 21.2 18.5 21.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
AAQ4 Pursha 12.3 19.6 16.3 19.4 16.2 25.9 20.4 25.8 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
Range 10.6-26.3 15.7-36.1 <0.1
Code Location µg/m3)

CO (µ µg/m3)
O3 (µ µg/m3)
Pb (µ µg/m3)
NH3 (µ
Min Max Avg 98 %ile Min Max Avg 98 %ile Min Max Avg 98 %ile Min Max Avg 98 %ile
AAQ1 Plant site 388 568 473 556 8.7 17.5 14.3 17.4 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <20.0 <20.0 <20.0 <20.0
AAQ2 Near Main Gate 368 542 453 536 8.7 15.6 13.4 15.6 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <20.0 <20.0 <20.0 <20.0
AAQ3 Faridpur 318 521 423 516 5.0 12.8 10.2 12.6 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <20.0 <20.0 <20.0 <20.0
AAQ4 Pursha 340 543 445 538 8.3 15.6 12.7 15.2 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <20.0 <20.0 <20.0 <20.0
Range 318 - 568 5.0 – 17.5 <0.001 <20.0
Code Location C6H6 (ng/m3) BaP (ng/m3) As (ng/m3) Ni (ng/m3)

Min Max Avg 98 %ile Min Max Avg 98 %ile Min Max Avg 98 %ile Min Max Avg 98 %ile
AAQ1 Plant site <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
AAQ2 Near Main Gate <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
AAQ3 Faridpur <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
AAQ4 Pursha <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
Range < 1.0 < 1.0 <0.2 <0.1

Chapter-3
3.6.3 Presentation of Primary Data
Various statistical parameters like 98th percentile, average, maximum and

minimum values have been computed from the observed raw data for all the AAQ
monitoring stations. The results of monitoring carried out are presented in
Annexure-X. The summary of these results representing pre-monsoon seasons
are given in Table-3.6.3 (A) & (B). These are compared with the standards
prescribed by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) for rural residential and
Industrial zones.
• Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM)
The minimum and maximum concentrations for SPM were recorded as 93.5 µg/m3
and 168.2 µg/m3 respectively. The minimum concentration was recorded at
Faridpur village (AAQ3) and the maximum concentration was recorded at Near DSP
Main Gate (AAQ2).
• Particulate Matter (PM10)
The minimum and maximum concentrations for PM10 were recorded as 48.1 µg/m3
and 80.4 µg/m3 respectively. The minimum concentration was recorded at Faridpur
village (AAQ3) and the maximum concentration was recorded at Near DSP Main
Gate (AAQ2). All the results are found to be high when compared to the standard
limit of 100 µg/m3 as per latest NAAQS 2009.
• Particulate Matter (PM2.5)
The minimum and maximum concentrations for PM2.5 were recorded as 21.3
µg/m3 and 43.8 µg/m3 respectively. The minimum concentration was recorded at
Faridpur village (AAQ3) and the maximum concentration was recorded at Near DSP
Main Gate (AAQ2). All the results are found to be high when compared to the
standard limit of 60 µg/m3 as per latest NAAQS 2009.
• Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)
The minimum and maximum SO2 concentrations were recorded as 10.6 µg/m3 and
26.3 µg/m3. The minimum concentration was recorded at Faridpur village (AAQ3)
and the maximum concentration was recorded at Near DSP Main Gate (AAQ2). All
the results are found to be low when compared to the standard limit of 80 µg/m3 as
per latest NAAQS 2009.
• Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)
The minimum concentration of 15.7 µg/m3 for NOx was recorded at Faridpur village
(AAQ3) and maximum of 36.1 µg/m3 at Near DSP Main Gate (AAQ2). All the results
are found to be low when compared to the standard limit of 80 µg/m3 as per latest
NAAQS 2009.
• Carbon monoxide (CO)

The minimum and maximum CO concentrations were recorded as 318 µg/m3 and
568 µg/m3.

Chapter-3
• Ozone (O3)
The minimum and maximum O3 concentrations were recorded as 5.0 µg/m3 and
17.5 µg/m3.
• Lead (Pb)
The values of Pb are observed <0.001 µg/m3.
• Ammonia (NH3)
The values of NH3 are observed <20 µg/m3.
• Benzene (C6H6)
The values of C6H6 are observed <1.0 ng/m3.
• Benzo ( a) Pyrene (BaP)
The values of BaP are observed <1.0 ng/m3.
• Arsenic (As)
The values of as are observed <0.2 ng/m3.
• Nickel (Ni)
The values of Ni are observed <0.1 ng/m3.
3.7 Water Quality
Selected water quality parameters of ground water resources within 10 km radius

of the study area has been studied for assessing the water environment and
evaluate anticipated impact of the proposed plant site activities. Understanding the
water quality is essential in preparation of Environmental Impact Assessment and
to identify critical issues with a view to suggest appropriate mitigation measures for
implementation.
The purpose of this study is to:
• Assess the water quality characteristics for critical parameters; and

• Predict the impact of water quality by these plant site and related activities.
The information required has been collected through primary surveys and
secondary sources.
Two groundwater and three surface water sources covering 10 km radial distance
were examined for physico-chemical, heavy metals and bacteriological parameters.
The samples were collected and analysed once during the study period. The
samples were analyzed as per the procedures specified in 'Standard Methods for

Chapter-3
the Examination of Water and Wastewater' published by American Public Health

Association (APHA).
3.7.1 Water Sampling Locations
Water samples were collected from two ground water and three surface water
sampling locations. These samples were taken as grab samples and were analyzed
for various parameters to compare with the standards. The water sampling
locations are listed below in Table-3.7.1 and are shown in Figure-3.7.1. The
results of monitoring carried out for the study are presented in Table-3.7.2.
TABLE-3.7.1
DETAILS OF WATER SAMPLING LOCATIONS
Station Code Location Distance (km) Direction

wrt Plant Site
Ground Water
GW1 Faridpur 3.3 E
GW2 Pursha 1.1 S
Surface Water
SW1 Near Benachiti Village 3.2 NE
SW2 Damodar River Near Waria Village 2.8 WNW
SW3 Damodar River Near Pursha Village 1.8 S
3.7.2 Presentation of Results
Ground Water Quality
The results for the ground water samples analysed are presented in
Table-3.7.2(A) and are compared with the IS-10500 standards. The pH of the
water samples collected ranges between 7.5 to 7.6. The conductivity recorded in
between 555 to 665 µs/cm in the sample. The chlorides and sulphate
concentrations varied in between 100 to 123 mg/l and 18.5 to 19.0 mg/l
respectively.
Surface Water Quality
The results for the surface water samples analysed are presented in
Table-3.7.2(B) and are compared with the IS-10500 standards. The pH of the
water samples collected ranges between 7.3 to 7.5. The conductivity recorded in
between 283 to 407.0 µs/cm in the sample. The chlorides and sulphate
concentrations varied in between 51.5 to 75.8 mg/l and 14.5 to 17.0 mg/l
respectively. The heavy metal concentrations in ground and surface water quality
are well within the limits as per IS-10500.

Chapter-3
TABLE-3.7.2(A)
GROUND WATER QUALITY
Sr. Parameters Units Limits as per IS:10500 GW1 GW2

No.
1 pH - 6.5-8.5 7.6 7.5
2 Colour Hazen 5(25) 2 2
3 Taste - Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable
4 Odour - UO UO UO
5 Conductivity µS/cm $ 665.0 555.0
6 Turbidity NTU (5)10 2 2
7 Total Dissolved Solids mg/l 500(2000) 430.0 360.0
8 Total Hardness as Caco3 mg/l 300(600) 174.0 151.0
9 Total Alkalinity mg/l 200(600) 138.0 119.0
10 Calcium as Ca2+ mg/l 75(200) 40.0 34.0
11 Magnesium as Mg2+ mg/l 30(100) 18.0 16.0
12 Residual Chlorine mg/l 0.2 Min <0.2 <0.2
13 Boran as B mg/l 1.0 0.06 0.05
14 Chloride as Cl mg/l 250(1000) 123.0 100.0
15 Sulfates as So42- mg/l 200(400) 19.0 18.5
16 Fluoride as F mg/l 1.0(1.5) 0.5 0.4
17 Nitrates as No3 mg/l 45(NR) 10.0 9.5
18 Sodium as Na mg/l $ 68.0 56.0
19 Potassium as K mg/l $ 15.8 13.0
20 Phenenolic Compounds mg/l 0.001(0.002) <0.001 <0.001
21 Cyanides as CN mg/l 0.05(NR) <0.02 <0.02
22 Anionic Detergents mg/l 0.2(1.0) <0.1 <0.1
23 Mineral Oil mg/l 0.01(0.03) <0.01 <0.01
24 Cadmium as Cd mg/l 0.01(NR) <0.01 <0.01
25 Arsenic as As mg/l 0.01(NR) <0.01 <0.01
26 Copper as Cu mg/l 0.05(1.5) <0.01 <0.01
27 Lead as Pb mg/l 0.05(NR) <0.01 <0.01
28 Manganese as Mn mg/l 0.1(0.3) <0.01 <0.01
29 Total Iron as Fe mg/l 0.3(1.0) 0.05 0.04
30 Chromium as Cr+6 mg/l 0.05(NR) <0.05 <0.05
31 Selenium as Se mg/l 0.01(NR) <0.01 <0.01
32 Zinc as Zn mg/l 5.0(15) <0.01 <0.01
33 Aluminium as Al mg/l 0.03(0.2) <0.01 <0.01
34 Mercury as Hg mg/l 0.001(NR) <0.001 <0.001
35 Pesticides mg/l Absent Absent Absent
36 E.Coil - Absent Absent Absent
37 Total Coliforms MPN/ 10
<2 <2
100ml
*Onsite results, $ Limits not specified, OU: Unobjectionable

Chapter-3
TABLE-3.7.2(B)
SURFACE WATER QUALITY
Sr. No. Parameter Unit Limits as per SW1 SW2 SW3

IS10500
1 pH - 6.5-8.5 (NR) 7.5 7.3 7.3
2 Colour Hazen 5(25) 3 2 2
3 Conductivity µS/cm $ 407.0 283.0 297.0
4 TDS mg/l 500(2000) 260.0 180.0 190.0
5 DO mg/l $ 5.8 5.7 5.8
6 BOD mg/l $ <3 <3 <3
7 COD mg/l $ <5 <5 <5
8 Total Hardness as CaCO3 mg/l 300(600) 112.0 81.0 87.0
9 Total Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/l 200(600) 80.0 60.0 70.8
10 Calcium as Ca mg/l 75(200) 25.0 18.5 19.6
11 Magnesium as Mg mg/l 30(100) 12.0 8.5 9.2
12 Chlorides as Cl mg/l 250(1000) 75.8 51.5 52.0
13 Residual Free Chlorine mg/l 0.2 Min <0.2 <0.2 <0.2
14 Phosphates as PO4 mg/l $ <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
15 Sulphates as SO4 mg/l 200(400) 17.0 14.5 15.0
16 Fluorides as F mg/l 1.0(1.5) 0.3 0.2 0.2
17 Nitrates as NO3 mg/l 45(NR) 6.9 3.5 4.0
18 Sodium as Na mg/l $ 40.0 27.0 30.0
19 Potassium as K mg/l $ 10.0 9.0 9.5
20 Total Boron as B mg/l 1 0.04 0.01 0.01
21 Cyanides mg/l 0.05(NR) <0.02 <0.02 <0.02
22 Phenolic compounds mg/l 0.001(0.002) <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
23 Oil and grease mg/l 0.01(0.03) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
24 Cadmium as Cd mg/l 0.01(NR) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
25 Arsenic as As mg/l 0.01(NR) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
26 Copper as Cu mg/l 0.05(1.5) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
27 Lead as Pb mg/l 0.05(NR) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
28 Iron as Fe mg/l 0.3(1.0) 0.04 0.02 0.02
29 Chromium as Cr+6 mg/l 0.05(NR) <0.05 <0.05 <0.05
30 Selenium as Se mg/l 0.01(NR) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
31 Zinc as Zn mg/l 5(15) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
32 Aluminium as Al mg/l 0.03(0.2) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
33 Mercury as Hg mg/l 0.001(NR) <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
34 Sodium Absorption mg/l - 1.40
1.65 1.30
Ration(SAR)
35 Insecticides mg/l Absent Absent Absent Absent
36 Anionic detergents as mg/l 1 Absent Absent
Absent
MBAS
37 Total Coliforms MNP/100ml 10 <2 <2 <2
Note: $ Not mentioned, UO- Unobjectionable

Chapter-3
FIGURE-3.7.1
WATER SAMPLING LOCATIONS

Chapter-3
3.8 Noise Level Survey
The physical description of sound concerns its loudness as a function of frequency.

Noise in general is sound which is composed of many frequency components of
various types of loudness distributed over the audible frequency range. Various
noise scales have been introduced to describe, in a single number, the response of
an average human to a complex sound made up of various frequencies at different
loudness levels. The most common and universally accepted scale is the A
weighted Scale which is measured as dB (A). This is more suitable for audible
range of 20 to 20,000 Hz. The scale has been designed to weigh various
components of noise according to the response of a human ear.
The impact of noise sources on surrounding community depends on:
• Characteristics of noise sources (instantaneous, intermittent or continuous in

nature). It can be observed that steady noise is not as annoying as one which is
continuously varying in loudness;
• The time of day at which noise occurs, for example high noise levels at night in
residential areas are not acceptable because of sleep disturbance; and
• The location of the noise source, with respect to noise sensitive landuse, which
determines the loudness and period of exposure.
The environmental impact of noise can have several effects varying from Noise
Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL) to annoyance depending on loudness of noise. The
environmental impact assessment of noise from the plant site operations,
developmental activity, and vehicular traffic can be undertaken by taking into
consideration various factors like potential damage to hearing, physiological
responses, and annoyance and general community responses.
The main objective of noise monitoring in the study area is to establish the baseline
noise levels and assess the impact of the total noise generated by the plant site
operations around it.
3.8.1 Identification of Sampling Locations
A preliminary reconnaissance survey has been undertaken to identify the major

noise generating sources in the area. Noise at different noise generating sources
has been identified based on the activities in the village area, ambient noise due to
traffic and the noise at sensitive areas like hospitals and schools.
The noise monitoring has been conducted for determination of noise levels ten
locations in the study area. The noise levels at each location were recorded for 24
hours. The environment setting of each noise monitoring location is given in Table-
3.8.1 and shown in Figure-3.8.1.

Chapter-3
FIGURE-3.8.1
NOISE MONITORING LOCATIONS

Chapter-3
TABLE-3.8.1
DETAILS OF NOISE MONITORING LOCATIONS
Station Code Name of the Station Distance (km) Direction

Wrt Plant site
N1 Plant site -- --
N2 Near DSP Main Gate-1 2.2 N
N3 Benachiti 2.5 NE
N4 Faridpur 3.3 E
N5 Pala 4.6 ESE
N6 Angadpur 2.7 SE
N7 Near DSP Main Gate-2 -- --
N8 Pursha 1.1 S
N9 Waria 2.2 WNW
N10 Shirampur 4.6 NW
3.8.2 Method of Monitoring
Sound Pressure Level (SPL) measurements were measured at all locations. The
readings were taken for every hour for 24 hours. The day noise levels have been
monitored during 8 am to 8 pm and night levels during 8 pm to 8 am at all the
locations covered in 10 km radius of the study area. These results are tabulated in
Table-3.8.2.
TABLE-3.8.2
NOISE LEVELS IN THE STUDY AREA
Code Location L10 L50 L90 Leq Lday Lnight Ldn

N1 Plant site 53.4 49.7 46.1 50.6 51.2 48.0 55.0
N2 Near Main Gate-1 51.7 47.8 44.0 48.8 49.7 46.1 53.2
N3 Benachiti 49.6 45.8 42.3 46.7 47.3 44.3 51.3
N4 Faridpur 46.2 42.6 38.9 43.5 44.0 41.0 48.0
N5 Pala 48.1 44.2 40.4 45.2 46.2 42.3 49.5
N6 Angadpur 46.1 42.4 38.8 43.3 43.8 40.9 47.9
N7 Near Main Gate-2 52.6 49.0 45.3 49.9 50.4 47.3 54.3
N8 Pursha 50.1 46.3 42.8 47.2 48.1 44.9 51.9
N9 Waria 47.9 44.1 40.6 45.0 45.9 42.7 49.7
N10 Shirampur 46.4 42.6 39.1 43.5 44.4 41.2 48.2
3.8.3 Presentation of Results
The statistical analysis is done for measured noise levels at ten locations during
pre-monsoon season. The parameters are analyzed for Lday, Lnight, and Ldn.
Day time Noise Levels (Lday)
The day time noise levels at all the locations ranged from 43.8 dB(A) to 51.2 with
the maximum recorded at Plant site (N1), and the minimum at Angadpur (N6).
Night time Noise Levels (Lnight)
The night time noise levels ranged from 40.9 dB (A) to 48.0 dB (A), with the
maximum value recorded at Plant site (N1) and the minimum at Angadpur (N6).

Chapter-3
3.9 Ecology and Biodiversity
3.9.1 Introduction
Ecological evaluation aims at developing and applying methodologies to assess

the relevance of an area for nature conservation. As such, it is to support the
assessment of the impact of a proposed development by providing guidance on
how to describe the ecological features within the area affected, how to value
them, and how to predict the value losses caused by the development. The
evaluation of the ecological significance of an area can be undertaken from
different perspectives and consequently with different objectives. One of such
perspectives focuses on the conservation of the biological diversity or
biodiversity. Among the human activities that pose the highest threat to the
conservation of biodiversity are the developmental projects in particular. Such
projects represent artificial elements that cut through the landscape and interfere
with the natural habitat and its conditions by emissions that may be solid, liquid
and or gaseous. This in turn influences the abundance and distribution of plant
and animal species, i.e., the biodiversity of the areas impacted.
Most of the background data needs to be acquired from the governmental

agencies or the scientific literature. This information is typically complemented by
field visit, site surveys and sample collection. The description of the actual
ecological assessment provided by the ecological baseline study serves to set a
reference for the subsequent impact analysis. Moreover, it helps decision-makers
and EIA reviewers to become familiar with the environmental features and the
needs of the study area
3.9.2 Objectives of the Study
The present study was undertaken with the following objectives to assess both
terrestrial and aquatic habitats of the study area:
To assess the nature and distribution of vegetation in and around the existing
project site.
• To assess the flora and fauna in the study area.

• To understand the ecology of the water bodies.
• To ascertain the migratory routes of fauna, presence of breeding grounds
and sensitive habitats in the study area, if any.
• To assess the presence of protected areas in the study area.
• To review the information from secondary sources and discuss the issues
of concern with the relevant authority and stakeholders.
• Impact prediction based on primary and secondary data sources to
formulate mitigation measures.
3.9.3 Methodology
To achieve the above objectives a detailed study of the area was undertaken with
the existing site as its centre. The different methods adopted were as follows:

Chapter-3
• Generation of primary data by undertaking systematic ecological studies in

the study area;
• Primary data collection for flora through random sampling method for trees,
shrubs and herbs from the selected locations to know the vegetation cover
qualitatively.
• Faunal studies by taking transect in the study area to spot the fauna and also
to know the fauna through secondary indictors such as pugmarks, scats,
fecal pallets, calls and other signs.
• For ecological information, the secondary sources such as local officials,
villagers and other stakeholders were interviewed.
• Sourcing secondary data with respect to the study area from published
literature.
The list of Terrestrial and Aquatic sampling locations in the study area is
presented in Table-3.9.1 and shown in Figure-3.9.1
TABLE-3.9.1
LIST OF TERRESTRIAL ECOLOGICAL SAMPLING LOCATIONS
Sr. No Name of the location Distance from proposed Direction w.r.t proposed
plant site (km) plant site
Terrestrial
TE-1 Near kamalpur 9.6 NE
TE-2 Near kamalpur 8.8 NE
TE-3 Near Pardai 9.3 ENE
TE-4 Near Malbana 9.4 SSW
TE-5 Near Ratanpur 5.1 SW
Aquatic
AE-1 Damodar river 1.3 SW
AE-2 Damodar river 8.2 SE
AE-3 Damodar river 6.6 WNW

Chapter-3
FIGURE-3.9.1
TERRESTRIAL AND AQUATIC SAMPLING LOCATIONS

Chapter-3
3.9.4 General Ecology of the study Area
The Forest area is chiefly situated in the lateritic and red soil high lands. The
forest type in this region is Tropical dry deciduous forest, these forests are found
in areas where the rainfall is between 70 -100cm. The most common trees were
teek, sal, pepal, kend, mahuland kusum.
3.9.4.1 Forest blocks
The only protected forest in the study area is given below in Table-3.9.2.
Table-3.9.2
LIST OF FOREST BLOCKS IN THE SYUDY AREA
Sr.No Name Distance from the site(Km) Direction

1 Beliator PF 9.1 SSW
3.9.5 Flora of the Core Zone
The flora of the core area is characterized by the arborescent species such as
Simul (Salmalia malabarica), Amlaki (Phyllanthu sembica), Khejur (Phoenix
dactylifera), Bat (Ficus bengalensis), Bans (Bambusa arundinacea), Arka
(Calotropis gigantea), lal-bharenda (Jatropha gossypifolia), Kend (Disopyros
melanoxylon), palas (Butea monosperma) and Mohua (Madhuca latifolia). The list
of the flora is given in Table-3.9.3.
TABLE-3.9.3
LIST OF FLORA IN THE CORE AREA
Sr. No Scientific name Family

1 Alternantherasessilis Amaranthaceae
2 Gomphrenaglobosa Amaranthaceae
3 Croton bonplandinum Amaryllidaceae
4 Lanneaasplenifolia Anacardiaceae
5 Lanneacoramandalica Anacardiaceae
6 Lanneagrandis Anacardiaceae
7 Lanneaprocumbens Anacardiaceae
8 Michaeliachampaca Annonaceae
9 Polyalthialongifolia Annonaceae
10 Carissa carandus Apocyanaceae
11 Neriumindicum Apocyanaceae
12 Blepharisasperima Acanthaceae
13 Blepharismadaraspatens Acanthaceae
14 Haplanthustentaculatus Acanthaceae
15 Jusrtiasimplex Acanthaceae
17 Justiciadiffusa Acanthaceae
18 Lepidogathiscristata Acanthaceae
19 Agave wightii Agavaceae
20 Yucca gloriosa Agavaceae
21 Mollugocerviana Aizoaceae
22 Mollugohirta Aizoaceae
23 Achyranthesaspera Amaranthaceae
24 Shorearobusta Dipterocarpaceae
25 Pterocarpusmarsupium Fabaceae
26 Disopyrosmalanoxylin Ebenaceae
27 Terminaliatomentosa Combretaceae
28 Calotropisgigantia Asclepiadaceae

Chapter-3
Sr. No Scientific name Family

29 Desmodiumtriflorum Asclepiadaceae
30 Hemidesmusindicus Asclepiadaceae
31 Cassia absus Caesalpinaceae
32 Indigofera hirsute Caesalpinaceae
3.9.5.1 Fauna of the Core Zone
This area hosts common mongoose, field mouse, bandicoot and birds like house
sparrow, common myna and koel. There are no Schedule-I species in the core
area. The list of fauna is given in Table- 3.9.4.
TABLE-3.9.4
LIST OF FAUNA IN THE CORE ZONE
Sr. No Scientific name Common name

1 Passer domesticus House Sparrow
2 Acridotheres tristis Common Myna
3 Eudynamys scolopaceus Indian Koel
4 Corvus splendens House Crow
5 Herpestes edwardsii Common mongoose
6 Mus booduga Indian field mouse
7 Bandicot bengalensis Indian mole rat
8 Funambulus sp. Squirrel
3.9.6 Flora of the Buffer Zone
Most commonly found species in the buffer zone and along the road side trees are
Sal (Shorea robusta), kend (Diospyros melanoxylon), Pesal (Pterocarpus
marsupium), Mahul (Madhuca latifolia), Kusum (Kusum schleicheratrijuga), Karam
(Adina cardifolia), Asan (Terminalia tomentosa), Rahera (Soya midafebrifuga) and
Dhaw (Anogeissus latifolia). The list of flora is given in Table-3.9.5
TABLE-3.9.5
LIST OF FLORA IN THE BUFFER AREA
Sr. No Scientific Name Family

1 Sida orientalis Malvaceae
2 Sida vernanifolia Malvaceae
3 Marselia quadrifolia Marseliaceae
4 Azadirachta indica Meliaceae
5 Melia azadirachta Meliaceae
6 Acacia arabica Mimosaceae
7 Acacia auriculiformis Mimosaceae
8 Acacia catechu Mimosaceae
9 Acacia leucophloe Mimosaceae
10 Mimosa hamata Mimosaceae
11 Parkinsonia aculata Mimosaceae
12 Pithocolobium dulce Mimosaceae
13 Ficus bengalensis Moraceae
14 Ficus carica Moraceae
15 Ficus glomerata Moraceae
16 Ficus hispida Moraceae
17 Ficus racemosus Moraceae
18 Ficus religiosa Moraceae
19 Musa paradisica Musaceae
20 Sygygium cumini Myrtaceae

Chapter-3

21 Boerheavia diffusa Nyctaginaceae
22 Opuntia dillinii Opuntiaceae
23 Cryptostegiagrandiflora Orchidaceae
24 Oxalis corniculata Oxalidaceae
25 Borassus flabellifera Palmae
26 Phoenix aculis Palmae
27 Argemone mexicana Papaveraceae
28 Fumaria indica Papillionaceae
29 Lathyrus sativus Papillionaceae
30 Medicago aureus Papillionaceae
31 Medicago indica Papillionaceae
32 Medicago lymorpha Papillionaceae
33 Medicago polymorpha Papillionaceae
34 Mucuna prurita Papillionaceae
35 Sesamum indicum Pedaliaceae
36 Apluda mutica Poaceae
37 Aristida adscensionsis Poaceae
38 Arthraxon prionoites Poaceae
39 Chloris dolichosta Poaceae
40 Chloris variegata Poaceae
41 Cyano donductylon Poaceae
42 Dichanthium annulatum Poaceae
43 Digetaria segetaria Poaceae
44 Ischaemum rugosum Poaceae
45 Panicum milliria Poaceae
46 Panicum notatum Poaceae
47 Saccharum munja Poaceae
48 Saccharum officinarum Poaceae
49 Themeda quadrivalvis Poaceae
50 Tragus biflorus Poaceae
51 Tinospora cordifolia Rhamnaceae
52 Zizyphus jujube Rhamnaceae
53 Rosa indica Rosaceae
54 Adina cordifolia Rubiaceae
55 Canthium didymum Rubiaceae
56 Cestrum nocturnum Rubiaceae
57 Combretum ovalifolium Rubiaceae
58 Cordia dichotoma Rubiaceae
59 Cordia myxa Rubiaceae
60 Cordia rothri Rubiaceae
61 Gardenia latifolia Rubiaceae
62 Gardenia lucida Rubiaceae
63 Gmelina arborea Rubiaceae
64 Helictris isora Rubiaceae
65 Helitropium ovalifolium Rubiaceae
66 Ixora parviflora Rubiaceae
67 Mitragyna parviflora Rubiaceae
68 Randia dumatorum Rubiaceae
69 Atalantia monophylla Rutaceae
70 Citrus media Rutaceae
71 Murraya koenigii Rutaceae
72 Casearia graveolens Samydiaceae
73 Sapindus emerginatus Sapindaceae
74 Scherebera sweitenoides Sapindaceae
75 Schleichera oleosa Sapindaceae
76 Achras sapota Sapotaceae
77 Madhuca latifolia Sapotaceae
78 Lygodium flexosum Schiaceae
79 Linderbergia indica Scrophulariaceae
80 Ailanthes excels Simaroubaceae

Chapter-3

81 Datura alba Solanaceae
82 Datura metal Solanaceae
83 Lycopersicum esculentus Solanaceae
84 Physalis minima Solanaceae
85 Solanum nigrum Solanaceae
86 Solanum xanthocarpum Solanaceae
87 Sterculia villosa Tiliaceae
88 Triumferta pilosa Tiliaceae
89 Lantana camara Verbinacaee
90 Tectona grandis Verbinaceae
91 Vitex negundo Verbinaceae
92 Cissus quadrangularis Vitaceae
93 Vitis vermifera Vitaceae
94 Fagonia cretica Zygophyllaceae
95 Tribulus terrestris Zygophyllaceae
3.9.6.1 Fauna of the Buffer Zone
The details of animals recorded are presented in Table-3.9.6

TABLE-3.9.6
LIST OF FAUNA IN THE BUFFER AREA
Sr. No Scientific Name Common Name Schedule as per

WPA (1972)
Aves
1 Phlacrocorax niger Little Cormorant Sch-IV
2 Ardea purpurea Eastern purple Heron Sch-IV
3 Nycticorax nycticorax Night Heron Sch-IV
4 Ardeola grayii Paddy bird Sch-IV
5 Dupetor flavicollis Black Bittern Sch-IV
6 Ardea alba Large Egret Sch-IV
7 Bubulcus ibis Cattle Egret Sch-IV
8 Milvus migrans Common pariah kite Sch-IV
9 Haliastur Indus Brahminy Kite Sch-IV
10 Vanellus indicus Redwattled Lapwing Sch-IV
11 Tringa hypoleucos Common Sandpiper Sch-IV
12 Gelochelidon nilotica Gullbilled Tern Sch-IV
13 Eudynamys scolopacea Indian Koel Sch-IV
14 Halcyon smyrnensis Indian white breasted Kingfisher Sch-IV
15 Meops philippinus Bluetailed bee-eater Sch-IV
16 Coracias bengalensis Southern Indian Roller Sch-IV
17 Dinopium bengalensis Malabar golden backed Woodpecker Sch-IV
18 Acridotheres tristis Common Myna Sch-IV
19 Corvus splendens house Crow Sch-V
20 Nectarinia minima Small Sunbird Sch-IV
21 Nectarenia. zeylonica Indian purple rumped Sunbird Sch-IV
22 Arachnothera longirostris Little spinder Hunter Sch-IV
23 Passer domesticus Indian house Sparrow Sch-IV
24 Copsychus saularis Southern Magpie-robin Sch-IV
25 Orthotomus sutorius Tailor bird Sch-IV
26 Charadrius placidus Littile ringed plover Sch-IV
27 Hydrophasianus chirurgus Pheasant taid jacana Sch-IV
28 Cypsiurus balasinensis Asian palm swift Sch-IV
29 Artamus fuscus Ashy wood swallow Sch-IV
30 Lanius cristatus Brown shrike Sch-IV
31 Ardeola grayii Indian pond heron Sch-IV
32 Coracias bengalensis Southern Indian roller Sch-IV

Chapter-3
Sr. No Scientific Name Common Name Schedule as per

WPA (1972)
33 Pycnonotus cafer Redvented bulbul Sch-IV
34 Caprimulgus asiatisus Indian night jar Sch-IV
Amphibians
35 Rana tigriana Common frog Sch-IV
36 Bufo melanosticus Toad Sch-IV
Reptiles
37 Calotes versicolor Common garden Lizard Sch-IV
38 Chamaleon zeylanicus Indian Chameleon Part-II of Sch-II
39 Bangarus sp. Krait Sch-II
40 Najanaja Indian Cobra Sch-IV
41 Vipera sp. Russels viper Part-II of Sch-II
Butterflies
42 Pachliopta hector Crimson rose Sch-IV
43 Papilio demoleus. Lime butterfly Sch-IV
44 Graphium agamemnon Tailed jay Sch-IV
45 Junoria almana Peacock pansy Sch-IV
46 Hypolimnas bolina Great eggfly Sch-IV
47 Euploea core Common crow Sch-IV
48 Neptis hylas Common sailor Sch-IV
49 Eurema hecabe Common grass yellow Sch-IV
50 Catopsilia sp. Emigrant Sch-IV
51 Leptosia nina Psyche Sch-IV
52 Parantica aglea Glassy tiger Sch-IV
Mammals
53 Rattus ratus Rat Sch-V
54 Lepus nigricollis Hare Sch-IV
55 Canis aureus Jackal Part-II of Sch-II
56 Presbytis entellus Langur Part-I of Sch-II
57 Funambulus palmarum Squirrel Sch-V
58 Sus scrofa Wild pig Sch-III
59 Rattus norvegicus Field mouse Sch-V
60 Rhinolopus sp. Bat Sch-V
61 Hipposiderus sp. Bat Sch-V
62 Herpestes edwardii Common mongoose Sch-IV
63 Bandicota indica Bandicoot Sch-V
64 Bandicota bengalensis Bandicoot Sch-V
65 Vulpus bengalensis Wild fox Part-II of Sch-II
The buffer zone and core zone do not harbor any schedule I Species or faunal
species of conservation importance or migratory routes of fauna. The commonly
observed species include Canis aureus, Lepus nigricollis, Presbytis entellus,
Herpestes edwardii, Chameleon zylonicum. The commonly observed birds are Red
vented bulbul, Indian myna, Indian roller, Indian pond heron, white throated king
fisher.
3.9.7 Aquatic Biodiversity

Phytoplankton
Phytoplankton forms the basis of food chain in any aquatic water body. The
diversity and abundance of phytoplankton mainly depends on the region, type of
water body, either lentic or lotic, the nutrient flux in the system and the sunlight
available for photosynthesis. These factors together form the dynamics of
phytoplankton productivity over the seasons. The phytoplankton of given water
body determines the zooplankton populations and the fish productivity of the
ecosystem.
Chapter-3
Phytoplankton group reported from the sampled locations are Basillariophyceae,

Chlorophyceae, Myxophyceae and Euglenophyceae members. About 22 species of
phytoplankton were reported from all the locations. Dominance of
Bacillariophyceae members followed by Myxophyceae were observed in studied
samples. The highest percentage was Cymbella sp. and spirulina sp. and the
lowest percentage was Synedra sp. During study period were observed.
Zooplankton
The zooplankton of the aquatic water body are the primary consumers and also in
cases secondary produces which play an important role for the fisheries of that
system. The diversity and abundance of zooplankton also depends on whether the
water body is eutrophic or oligotrophic. They also are good representation of the
ecosystem health. The amount and type of pollutants in the water body
determine the type of zooplankton species. Species of copepod will usually
dominate in the tropical region while more eutrophicated waters with high
nutrient or organic loads will harbor high number of crustaceans and arthropods.
The less polluted waters will have more of cladocerans and rotifers.
Among the zooplankton group, Brachionous sp.(Rotifera)had highest percentage
composition and the lowest percentage composition was of Asplancha sp. In the
total zooplankton Cypris sp and Cyclops sp also occurred in the sampled water
bodies.
On the basis of type of species their proportional dominance and the overall
diversity of both phyto- and zooplankton it can be concluded that water bodies
are oligotrophic to slightly mesotrophic in nature due inflow and runoff from
surrounding areas. The aquatic sampling locations list of plankton recorded in
fresh water bodies in the study are presented in Table-3.9.7.
TABLE-3.9.7
LIST OF PLANKTON RECORDED FROM THE STUDY AREA
Sr. No. Phytoplankton Zooplankton

1 Spirogyra sp. Keratella.sp.
2 Actinastrum sp. Diaptomus.sp.
3 Coelatrums p. Daphnia.sp.
4 Synedra ulna sp. Ceriodaphnia.sp.
5 Zygnema sp. Brachionus.sp.
6 Gomphonem sp.a Amoeba sp
7 Naviculagracilis sp. Diaphanosoma.sp.
8 Pinnularia sp. Macrothrix.sp.
9 Nitzshia sp. Asplancha.sp.
10 Cymbellapucilla sp. Cypris.sp.
11 Cymbellacymbiforms spi Cyclops.sp.
12 Cymblellarombhoides.sp Moina.sp.
13 Achnanthes sp. Diaptomus.sp.
14 Eulothrix sp. Paramecium.sp.
15 Cyclotella sp. Euglena.sp.
16 Oscillatoria sp.
17 Spirulina sp.
18 Chroococcus sp.
19 Microcystis aerusinosa sp.
20 Nostoc sp.
21 Rivularia sp.
22 Anabaena sp.

Chapter-3
3.9.8 Fishes
Principal catches from the Damodar River are given in Table-3.9.8
TABLE-3.9.8
LIST OF FISHES
Sr. No Common name Scientific name

1 Rohu Labeo rohita
2 Mrigala Cirrhins mrigala
3 Katla Catla catla
4 Bangnabata Labeo bata
5 Maurala Anabus.mola
6 Boal Wallagu.attu
7 Khaira Gudusia.chapra
3.9.9 Conclusions
The primary site survey and the data from the secondary sources suggest no
presence of any Schedule-I species or species of conservation importance the
study area has no Biosphere reserves, National parks or Wildlife Sanctuary and
there are no migratory corridors of any species. Only one protected forest is
present in the study area and the remaining area is covered with open mixed
jungle and road side plantations. List of flora and fauna in the study area is
submitted to DFO office, Durgapur for authentication given in Annexure-XI.
3.10 Demography and Socio-Economics
The demographic and socio- economic conditions prevailing in the 10 km radius of

the proposed project area Faridpur -Durgapur C.D block, Ondal C.D block, in
Barddhaman District, Mejhia C.D block, Gangajalghati C.D block, Barjora C.D
block in Bankura District of West Bangal” is analyzed. The socio-economic data
forms the basis for developing a suitable enterprise social responsibility plan to
address the needs of the population.
The project proponent is committed to take up the socio-economic development
initiatives not only to minimize the negative impact on the population and also
improve the socio-economic status of population living in 10 km radius of the
plant as its sustained effort as part of corporate social responsibility.
3.10.1 Methodology Adopted for the Study

The methodology adopted for the study mainly includes review of published
secondary data (District Census Statistical Handbooks-2011 and Primary Census
Abstract of Census-2011) with respect to population, social stratification, literacy
rate and occupational structure for 10 km radius study area.
3.10.2 Review of Demographic and Socio-Economic Profile-2011
The village wise demographic data of 13 census towns and 58 villages falling
within 10 km radius of the project site as per the 2011 census is given in
Annexure-XII. The salient features of the demographic and socio-economic
conditions are analyzed and described in the following sections.

Chapter-3
3.10.3 Demography
As per the 2001 census the total population of the study area is 713158. The
population reported as per the 2011 census is 805102. Overall around 12.8%
decennial growth is reported in the study areas. West Bengal decennial growth
rate of population is 13.8%.
The growth rate of population in the study area comparatively reported less than
the growth rate of state.
Distribution of Population
As per 2011 census the study area consisted of 805102 persons inhabited in
study area. The distribution of population in the study area is shown in Table-
3.10.1.
TABLE-3.10.1
DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION
Particulars 0-3 km 3-7 km 7-10 km 0-10 km

No. of Households 130944 13222 37488 181654
Male Population 294255 32529 92274 419058
Female Population 272262 30116 83666 386044
Total Population 566517 62645 175940 805102
Male Population (0-6 years) 28878 3690 10317 42885
Female Population (0-6 years) 27028 3460 9399 39887
Total Population (0-6 years) 55906 7150 19716 82772
% of 0-6 years population 9.87 11.41 11.21 10.28
Average Household Size 4.33 4.74 4.69 4.43
% of males to the total
population 51.94 51.93 52.45 52.05
% of females to the total
population 48.06 48.07 47.55 47.95
Sex Ratio (no of females per
1000 males) 925 926 907 921
Density 21996 483 999 2428
Average Household Size
The study area has a household size of 4.43 as per 2011 census, which has
decreased from 4.64 in 2001. This is mainly due to population control measures,
health awareness programs.
Population Density
The density of population reveals that the study area has an overall density of
2428 persons per km2 (PP km2) as per 2011 census reports. West Bengal density
of population is 1028.
The growth rate of population density in the study area comparatively reported
more than the growth rate of population density of state. 13 census towns are
falling in the study area. The proportion of urban and rural population is, urban
population 707945 (88%) rural population 97157 (12%)

Chapter-3
Sex Ratio
The configuration of male and female indicates that the males constitute to about
52.05% and females to 47.95% of the total population as per 2011 census
records. The study area on an average has 921 females per 1000 males as per
2011 census reports, which is low in comparison to the national and state sex
ratio (India 943, West Bengal 950).
The sex ratio in the study area indirectly reveals certain sociological and cultural
aspects in relation with female births. The trend is very unique to the study area
and reveals that the female infanticide is less due to the cultural aspects.
3.10.4 Social Structure
In the study area, as per 2011 census, 18.87% of the population belongs to
Scheduled Castes (SC) and 2.66% to Scheduled Tribes (ST). Overall the data of
social stratification reveals that the SC and ST % to population is more than 21%,
The SC and ST community are marginalized and they are at considered at low
level of social strata and calls for a special attention in Social Impact Management
Plan for improving their socio-economic status apart from preservation and
protection of their art, culture and traditional rights of livelihood.
The distribution of population by social structure is shown in Table-3.10.2.

TABLE-3.10.2
DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION BY SOCIAL STRUCTURE

Schedule caste 83804 16036 52119 151959
% To the total population 14.79 25.60 29.62 18.87
Schedule Tribes 12224 1538 7675 21437
% To the total population 2.16 2.46 4.36 2.66
Total SC and ST population 96028 17574 59794 173396
% To total population 16.95 28.05 33.99 21.54
Total population 566517 62645 175940 805102
3.10.5 Literacy Levels
The data of study area reveals that literacy rate of 74.35% as per 2011 census,
which is found to be lower than the state rate of literacy (West Bengal 76.3%).
The distribution of literate and literacy rate in the study area is given in Table-
3.10.3.
TABLE-3.10.3
DISTRIBUTION OF LITERATE AND LITERACY RATES

Male Population 294255 32529 92274 419058
Female Population 272262 30116 83666 386044
Male Population (0-6 years) 28878 3690 10317 42885
Female Population (0-6 years) 27028 3460 9399 39887
Total Population (0-6 years) 55906 7150 19716 82772
Male literates 240985 24660 68164 333809
Female literates 198240 18250 48294 264784
Total literates 439225 42910 116458 598593

Chapter-3

Male literacy rate (%) 54.87 57.47 58.53 55.77
Female literacy rate (%) 45.13 42.53 41.47 44.23
Average Male Literacy to the total
population (%) 42.54 39.36 38.74 41.46
Average female Literacy to the total
population (%) 34.99 29.13 27.45 32.89
Total Literacy rate (%) 77.53 68.50 66.19 74.35
The percentage of male literates to the total literates of the study area works out
to be 55.77%. The percentage of female literates to the total literates, which is
an important indicator for social change, is observed to be 44.23% in the study
area as per 2011 census records.
3.10.6 Occupational Structure
The occupational structure of residents of work participation rate in the study
area is studied with reference to main workers, marginal workers and non-
workers. The main workers include 10 categories of workers defined by the
Census Department consisting of cultivators, agricultural laborers, those engaged
in live-stock, forestry, fishing, mining and quarrying; manufacturing, processing
and repairs in household industry; and other than household industry,
construction, trade and commerce, transport and communication and other
services.
The marginal workers are those workers engaged in some work for a period of
less than six months during the reference year prior to the census survey. The
non-workers include those engaged in unpaid household duties, students, retired
persons, dependents, beggars, vagrants etc.; institutional inmates or all other
non-workers who do not fall under the above categories.
As per 2011 census records altogether West Bengal total work participation is
38.1% of the total population, whereas the work participation in the project study
areas is 34.53% and the main workers is 74.57% to the total workers. West
Bengal state main workers participation rate to the total workers is 73.9 % (2011
census). In the project area the marginal workers and non-workers constitute to
8.78% and 65.47% of the total population respectively. The distribution of
workers by occupation indicates that the non-workers are the predominant
population. The occupational structure of the study area is shown in Table-
3.10.4.
TABLE-3.10.4
OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE
Total workers 199013 20518 58482 278013
Work participation rate (%) 35.13 32.75 33.24 34.53
Total main workers 152499 13788 41040 207327
% of main workers to total workers 76.63 67.20 70.18 74.57
Marginal workers 46514 6730 17442 70686
% of marginal workers to total
workers 23.37 32.80 29.82 25.43
Non-workers 367504 42127 117458 527089
% of non-workers to total population 64.87 67.25 66.76 65.47
Source: District Census Hand Book-2011

Chapter-4
Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures
4.0 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES
4.1 Introduction
The chapter presents identification and appraisal of various impacts due to the
proposed power plant during construction and operational phases. The
environmental impacts are categorized as primary or secondary. Primary impacts
are those, which are attributed directly to the project and secondary impacts are
those, which are indirectly induced and typically include the associated
investment and changed pattern of social and economic activities by the proposed
action.
The mitigation measures proposed for minimizing the impacts have also been
discussed in this chapter. Environment Management Plan (EMP) is developed to
minimize adverse impacts and to ensure that the environment in and around the
project site is well protected. The EMP has been prepared for both construction
and operation phases of the proposed facilities.
The impacts have been assessed for the power plant assuming that the pollution
due to the existing activities has already been covered under baseline
environmental monitoring and continue to remain same till the operation of the
project.
The construction and operational phase of the proposed project comprises various
activities each of which may have an impact on some or other environmental
parameters. Various impacts during the construction and operation phase on the
environment have been studied to estimate the impacts on the environmental
attributes and are discussed in the subsequent sections.
4.2 Impacts during Construction Phase
This includes the following activities related to land acquisition, leveling of site,
construction of related structures and installation of related equipment.
4.2.1 Impact on Land Use
NTPC-SAIL requires 35.5 acres of land for construction of power plant. The
proposed project site is located within the NTPC-SAIL premises. There will not be
any need for additional land requirement. The land is already under industrial
land use category.
The development in the study area will definitely bring changes in the land use
pattern due to the proposed plant. Shift in occupation or sectoral changes would
require more land for non-primary activities. However, the land identified for the
construction is under industrial use. Hence, the impact on land usages is
insignificant.
Also the development of greenbelt in 33% of plant area will help in attracting
minor fauna and birds. This will have a positive impact on the land use pattern.

Chapter-4
4.2.2 Impact on Climate
• Temperature
The average, monthly minimum and maximum temperatures have been

monitored at the proposed plant site and also analyzed based on the data from
nearest IMD station at Bankura. The trend of temperature shows a regular cyclic
pattern. The temperature pattern indicates a regional behavior and construction
of the power plant will not have any major bearing on the temperature patterns.
• Rainfall
The average annual rainfall in the region is 1191.1 mm as per IMD data of
Bankura. Any changes in the pattern of rainfall will be on regional scale because
of cumulative reasons. The operation of plant is not expected to have any
adverse effect on the rainfall pattern of the area.
• Wind Speed
The wind speeds of any area depend on the existence of elevations and
depressions in the region. The proposed plant operation will have minor change in
topography and creation of structures in project area and its immediate vicinity.
Due to change in the topography of the project area minor variations are
envisaged at local level.
• Humidity
The relative humidity in the area is not likely to change because of the
construction operations, as it will not cause any changes in the prevailing
temperatures and rainfall of the region.
• Impact on Drainage
There are no seasonal nallah or streams that pass through the proposed project
site. Hence, construction activity of the plant will not have any impact on local
drainage pattern or drainage system.
4.2.3 Impact on Soil
The construction activities will result in loss of vegetation cover, topsoil and earthen
material to some extent in the plant area. However, it is proposed to use the soil
and earthen material for greenbelt development and levelling of project site.
Greenbelt will be developed in phased manner from inception of construction
activity. Apart from localized construction impacts at the plant site, no adverse
impacts on soil in the surrounding area are anticipated.
4.2.4 Impact on Air Quality
The main sources of emission during the construction period are the movement of
equipment at site and dust emitted during the leveling, grading, earthwork,
foundation works and exhaust emissions from vehicles and equipment deployed

Chapter-4
during the construction phase. These emissions are likely to result in marginal
increase in the levels of SO2, NOx, PM and CO. The impact will be for short duration
and confined within the project boundary and is expected to be negligible outside
the plant boundaries. The impact will, however, be reversible, marginal and
temporary in nature. Proper maintenance of vehicles and construction equipment
will help in controlling the gaseous emissions. Water sprinkling on roads and
construction site will prevent fugitive dust.
4.2.5 Impact on Water Quality
Impact on water quality during construction phase may be due to non-point

discharges of solids from soil loss and sewage generated from the construction
workforce stationed at the site. However, due to the construction being carried out
on generally plain terrain, the soil losses will be negligible. Further, the construction
will be more related to mechanical fabrication, assembly and erection; hence the
water requirements would be small. The construction water will be available at site
from near by area. Temporary sanitation facilities (septic tanks and soak pits) will
be set-up for disposal of sanitary sewage generated by the workforce.
The overall impact on water environment during construction phase due to proposed
project is likely to be short term and insignificant.
4.2.6 Impact on Noise Levels
Heavy construction traffic for loading and unloading, fabrication and handling of
equipment and materials are likely to cause an increase in the ambient noise levels.
The areas affected are those close to the site. However, the noise will be temporary
and will be restricted mostly to daytime.
The noise control measures during construction phase include provision of caps on
the equipment and regular maintenance of the equipment.
4.2.7 Impact on Terrestrial Ecology
The land identified for the proposed power plant is already under industrial
category and cutting of trees are not required. Therefore, no major loss of
biomass is envisaged during construction phase. Although the land required for
the proposed plant would be put to industrial use, there may not be any
significant impact on soil and agriculture in general. These impacts are, however,
restricted to the early phase of construction.
The removal of herbaceous vegetation from the soil and loosening of the topsoil
generally causes soil erosion during dry season. However, such impacts would be
primarily confined to the project site during initial periods of the construction
phase and would be minimized through adoption of mitigatory measures like
paving and surface treatment, water sprinkling and appropriate plantation
program. The project site and township area will be extensively landscaped with
the development of green belt consisting of a variety of taxa, which would enrich
the ecology of the area and add to the aesthetics.

Chapter-4
Hence, in view of the above measures, the impact on terrestrial ecology would be
bare minimum and insignificant.
4.3 Impacts during Operational Phase
The power plant operations in general cause environmental degradation and if

adequate control measures are not taken to prevent/mitigate the adverse
environmental impacts, these operations may cause irreversible damage to the
ecosystem. The environmental parameters which are most commonly affected by
proposed plant activities are:
• Topography and climate;

• Air environment;
• Water resources and quality;
• Land use;
• Soil quality;
• Solid waste;
• Noise levels;
• Terrestrial and aquatic ecology;
• Demography and socio-economics; and
• Infrastructural facilities.
4.3.1 Topography and Climate
The proposed plant site will be located on a flat area. Minimum leveling is
required to be carried out during the construction of the plant. This will not cause
any significant topographical changes in the area.
Similarly, micro or macro climatic changes including thermal imbalances are not
envisaged since the maximum flue gas temperature will be about 140°C. It can
be concluded that the project as a whole is not likely to have any adverse impacts
on the topography and climate during its operation.
4.3.2 Impact on Air Quality – Point Emission Sources
Being a coal based power project, particulate matter (PM), sulphur dioxide (SO2)
and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) will be the important air pollutants from the
proposed project.
Details of Mathematical Modeling
For prediction of maximum ground level concentrations (GLC’s), the air dispersion
modeling software (AERMOD version 7.1.0) was used. AERMOD is steady state
advanced gaussian plume model that simulates air quality and deposition fields
up to 50 km radius. AERMOD is approved by USEPA and is widely used software.
It is an advanced version of industrial source complex (ISCST3) model, utilizes
similar input and output structure to ISCST3 sharing many of the same features,
as well as offering additional features. The model is applicable to rural and urban
areas, flat and complex terrain, surface and elevated releases and multiple
sources including point, area, flare, line and volume sources.

Chapter-4
Dispersion modeling using AERMOD requires hourly meteorological data. Site

specific data recorded during pre-monsoon 2014 at project site is used for
executing modeling studies. The site specific meteorological data is processed
using AERMET processor.
Model Set-up
The model set-up details are presented in Table-4.1 below:
TABLE-4.1
MODEL SET-UP
Sr. No. Parameter Details
1 Model name AERMOD (Version 7.1.0)
2 Model type Steady state gaussian plume air dispersion model
3 Topography Rural, flat
4 Averaging time 24 hours
5 Source type Point source
6 Boundary limits 10 km X 10 km
7 Co-ordinate system Uniform polar grid
8 Receptor height 0
9 Anemometer 10 m
10 Surface meteorological data Site specific data processed by AERMET
11 Upper air data Upper air estimator using AERMET processor
4.3.2.1 Model Input Data

The air pollution modelling has been carried out representing the worst case
scenario. The stack details considered for model computations are summarized in
Table-4.2.
TABLE-4.2(A)
PROPOSED STACK DETAILS AND EMISSION RATES
Sr. Stack Stack Stack Flow Rate Exit Temp Emission Rate
No Attached Height Diameter (Nm3/sec) Velocity (oK) (g/sec)
(m) (m) (m/s) PM SO2 NOx
1 Boiler (1x20) 75 2.2 41.12 15 413 2.06 55.96 7.20
2 Boiler (1x20) 75 2.2 41.12 15 413 2.06 55.96 7.20
TABLE-4.2(B)
CUMULATIVE STACK DETAILS AND EMISSION RATES
1 Boiler (Unit-I) 122.5 4.3 75.35 16.99 414 3.92 50.71 32.48
2 Boiler (Unit-II) 122.5 4.3 71.31 17.29 439 9.38 49.70 32.73
3 BF-2 stove 60.96 2.4 14.26 3.8 381.3 0.55 0.49 0.47
4 BF-3 stove 60.96 2.4 14.27 3.9 381.3 0.56 0.35 0.43
5 BF-4 stove 68.96 2.4 13.63 3.7 382.3 0.53 0.31 0.44
6 Battery No.1 85.34 3.8 28.86 5.1 558.7 1.36 12.68 3.29
7 Battery No.3 85.34 3.5 32.95 5.9 498.7 1.34 15.90 3.59
8 Battery No.4 85.34 3.5 26.49 5.2 542.3 1.12 12.04 2.86
9 Battery No.6 110 4 29.47 7.3 448.3 1.43 12.73 1.07
10 SP-1 sinter 60 2.5 146.61 15.2 340.7 9.25 3.58 2.32
M/C-1&2
11 SP-1 sinter M/C 120 3.5 35.76 4.4 329.7 3.44 0.83 0.71
(T1 T2)
12 SP-2 Space 60 5.8 268.29 10.5 318 25.68 5.69 5.20

Chapter-4
dedusting (B1
B2)
13 Lime kiln-1 53 1 6.94 11.3 404 0.99 0.58 0.40
14 Lime kiln-3 53 1 7.35 13.3 423 1.08 0.59 0.43
15 Old Power Plant 45.72 1.8 14.35 9.6 507.3 3.66 9.89 6.10
(OPP) Boiler-1
16 Opp Boiler-3 45.72 1.8 12.84 8.4 495.5 1.28 7.50 1.90
17 Opp Boiler-5 45.72 2.3 19.58 7.7 493 4.38 8.69 5.21
18 Opp Boiler-7 45.72 2.1 15.1 7.5 505.3 1.40 7.70 1.90
The predicted incremental Ground Level Concentrations (GLCs) for PM, SO2 and
NOx are presented in Table-4.3.
TABLE-4.3 (A)
PROPOSED SHORT TERM MAXIMUM INCREMENTAL CONCENTRATIONS
Parameters Incremental Distance Direction

Concentration (km)
(µg/m3)
PM 0.35 1 km N
SO2 9.68 1 km N
NOx 1.24 1 km N
• Comments on Proposed Concentrations
A perusal of Table-4.3(A) reveals that the maximum incremental short term 24

hourly ground level concentrations for PM, SO2 and NOx likely to be encountered
during pre-monsoon season are 0.35 µg/m3, 9.68 µg/m3, 1.24 µg/m3 respectively.
TABLE-4.3 (B)
CUMULATIVE SHORT TERM MAXIMUM INCREMENTAL CONCENTRATIONS
Parameters Incremental Distance Direction

Concentration (km)
(µg/m3)
PM 17.11 2.2 N
SO2 30.51 2.2 N
NOx 17.33 2.2 N
• Comments on Cumulative Concentrations
A perusal of Table-4.3(B) reveals that the maximum incremental short term 24

hourly ground level concentrations for PM, SO2 and NOx likely to be encountered
during pre-monsoon season are 17.11 µg/m3, 30.51 µg/m3, 17.33 µg/m3
respectively.
• Resultant Concentrations after Implementation of the Project
The maximum incremental GLCs due to the proposed captive power plant for PM,
SO2 and NOX are superimposed on the maximum baseline PM, SO2 and NOx
concentrations recorded during the study period in the downwind direction to arrive
at the likely resultant concentrations during the same period after implementation of
Chapter-4
the proposed captive power plant. The cumulative concentrations (baseline +

incremental) after implementation of the project are tabulated below in Table-4.4.
The isopleths for pollutants PM, SO2 and NOx are presented in Figure-4.1 to
Figure-4.6.
TABLE-4.4 (A)
PROPOSED RESULTANT CONCENTRATIONS DUE TO INCREMENTAL GLC's
Pollutant Baseline Incremental Resultant Limits

µg/m3)
(µ (µg/m3) µg/m3)
(µ (Industrial/
Residential)
µg/m3)
(µ
PM (PM10) 80.4 0.35 80.75 100
SO2 26.3 9.68 35.98 80
NOx 36.1 1.24 37.34 80
TABLE-4.4 (B)
CUMULATIVE RESULTANT CONCENTRATIONS DUE TO INCREMENTAL GLC's
Pollutant Baseline Incremental Resultant Limits

µg/m3)
(µ (µg/m3) µg/m3)
(µ (Industrial/
Residential)
µg/m3)
(µ
PM (PM10) 80.4 17.11 97.51 100
SO2 26.3 30.51 56.81 80
NOx 36.1 17.33 53.43 80
4.3.3 Impact on Air Quality - Fugitive Emissions
The fugitive dust emissions expected are from coal storage yards, coal conveyor
belt area, ash dumping areas, transportation of fuel and solid waste.
In the proposed project, as the coal handling plant will be properly operated with
EMP suggested in this report, no major fugitive dust emissions are envisaged.
Similarly, HCSD system of ash stacking will be practiced for fly ash and wet
disposal system will be practised for disposal of bottom ash and hence, no dust
emissions are envisaged from ash dump areas. The fuel will be received through
rail line and the solid waste will be sent to dyke areas through pipeline. Hence, no
dust emissions from transportation are envisaged. However, internal roads are to
be asphalted to further reduce fugitive dust emissions.
The dust emissions, if any, from the above areas will be fugitive in nature and
maximum during summer season (when the wind velocities are likely to be high)
and almost nil during the monsoon season. The dust emissions are likely to be
confined to the place of generation only. The quantification of these fugitive
emissions from the area sources is difficult as it depends on lot of factors such as
dust particle size, specific gravity of dust particles, wind velocity, moisture content
of the material and ambient temperatures etc. Also, there is a high level of
variability in these factors. Hence, these are not amenable for mathematical
dispersion modelling. However, by proper usage of dust suppression measures,
dust generation and dispersions will be reduced.

Chapter-4
FIGURE-4.1
SHORT TERM 24 HOURLY INCREMENTAL GLCs OF PM (2x20)

Chapter-4
FIGURE-4.2
SHORT TERM 24 HOURLY INCREMENTAL GLCs of SO2 (2x20)
Chapter-4
FIGURE-4.3
SHORT TERM 24 HOURLY INCREMENTAL GLCs of NOx (2x20)

Chapter-4
PROJECT TITLE:
Durgapur Captive Power Project Project-III (2x20 MW)

10000
8000
1.96
6000
1.96
4000
2000
1.96
Y-Direction [m]
0
6
3.8
1.9
6
-2000
-4000
-6000
-8000
-10000
-10000 -8000 -6000 -4000 -2000 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
X-Direction [m]
PLOT FILE OF HIGH 1ST HIGH 24-HR VALUES FOR SOURCE GROUP: ALL ug/m^3
0.068 1.963 3.858 5.752 7.647 9.541 11.436 13.330 15.225 17.120
COMMENTS: SOURCES: COMPANY NAME:
Cumulative Model - PM 20 Vimta Labs Limited

RECEPTORS: MODELER:
M.Janardhan
441
Bh.Durga Bhavani
OUTPUT TYPE: SCALE: 1:140,980
Concentration 0 5 km
MAX: DATE: PROJECT NO.:
17.1196 ug/m^3 10/28/2014 1

AERMOD View - Lakes Environmental Software C:\Users\bhavani.bhimavarapu\Desktop\Balaji\Durgapur\Durgapur\SO2\NOx\PM\PM.isc
FIGURE-4.4
CUMULATIVE SHORT TERM 24 HOURLY INCREMENTAL GLCs of PM

Chapter-4
PROJECT TITLE:
Durgapur 2x20 MW Power Plant

10000
3.50
8000
6000
3.50
4000
50
3.
3.50
2000
Y-Direction [m]
6.88
0
0
3.5
-2000
3.50
-4000
-6000
-8000
-10000
-10000 -8000 -6000 -4000 -2000 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
X-Direction [m]
0.127 3.504 6.880 10.257 13.633 17.010 20.386 23.763 27.139 30.516
SO2 20 Vimta Labs Limited

RECEPTORS: MODELER:
M.Janardhan
441
Bh.Durga Bhavani
30.51587 ug/m^3 10/28/2014 1

AERMOD View - Lakes Environmental Software C:\Users\bhavani.bhimavarapu\Desktop\Balaji\Durgapur\Durgapur\SO2\SO2.isc
FIGURE-4.5
CUMULATIVE SHORT TERM 24 HOURLY INCREMENTAL GLCs of SO2

Chapter-4
PROJECT TITLE:
Durgapur 2x20 MW power plant

10000
1.97
8000
6000
1.97
4000
1.97
2000
3.89
Y-Direction [m]
0
97
1.
-2000
7
1. 9
-4000
-6000
-8000
-10000
-10000 -8000 -6000 -4000 -2000 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
X-Direction [m]
0.048 1.969 3.890 5.812 7.733 9.654 11.576 13.497 15.418 17.339
Cumulative - NOX 20 Vimta Labs Limited

RECEPTORS: MODELER:
M.Janardhan
441
Bh.Durga Bhavani
17.33928 ug/m^3 10/28/2014 1

AERMOD View - Lakes Environmental Software C:\Users\bhavani.bhimavarapu\Desktop\Balaji\Durgapur\Durgapur\SO2\NOx\NOx.isc
FIGURE-4.6
CUMULATIVE SHORT TERM 24 HOURLY INCREMENTAL GLCs of NOx
Chapter-4
4.3.4 Impact on Water Resources and Water Quality
Water is required for various power plant operations and the water balance has
been explained in Chapter-2 under Section-2.5.3.
No groundwater source will be tapped for meeting the water requirements during
operation of the power plant. The water requirement of the project will be drawn
from the Waria reservoir of DSP.
4.3.4.1 Impact on Water Resources
The required water for regular operations of the plant will be about 300 m3/hr. As
the required water is available even during lean season, no impact on surface
water resources is envisaged.
As no groundwater source is proposed to be tapped for meeting the water

requirements during operation of the power plant, no impacts on groundwater
resources are envisaged.
4.3.4.2 Impact on Water Quality
The water balance and wastewater generation details have been described in
Chapter-2.
Garland drains around the ash pond site will be provided for the collection of run-
off water during monsoon season.
The storm water in the project area will be collected through storm water drains
and collected in the storm water tank, which is lined to prevent any
contamination of ground water. The stored storm water will be utilized for
secondary purposes in the plant operation resulting in conservation of fresh
water. Suitable rain harvesting pits will be provided along the storm water drain
to recharge the ground water table.
Various types of wastewater to be generated in the proposed project with their

quantity, expected pollutants and treatment proposed are given in Chapter-2 and
Table-2.7.
The expected quality of raw and treated wastewater from the power plant
including sewage water and discharge limits as specified by environment
protection rules is given in Table-4.5.
TABLE-4.5
EXPECTED QUALITY OF WASTEWATER
Sr. Parameter Unit Raw Treated Permissible Limits as

No. wastewater Wastewater per GSR 422 (E) for
On-land Discharge
(Irrigation)
1 pH - 5.5 to 9.0 6.0 to 8.5 5.5 to 9.0
2 Suspended Solids mg/l 100 to 500 <100 200
3 Oil & Grease mg/l 10 to 200 <5 10
4 Total Dissolved mg/l 500 to 10000 <1000 --
Solids
5 BOD mg/l 250 to 350 <30 100
6 COD mg/l 450 to 600 <100 -
Chapter-4
4.3.5 Impact on Land Use
The land identified for the proposed 2x20 MW power plant is about 35.5 acres.
About 19 acres of the land will be used for ash disposal. About 3.5 acres of the
plant area will be developed as greenbelt and green cover, which is 33% of the
total plant area.
The greenbelt proposed will have a positive impact on land. There will be minimum
changes in land use during the operational phase of the project. Hence, no major
impacts are envisaged during operational phase of the project.
4.3.6 Impact on Soil
Most of the impacts of power plant project on soils are restricted to the construction
phase, which will get stabilized during operational phase. The impact on the topsoil
will be confined to the proposed main plant area only. Further, the greenbelt
proposed will have a very positive impact on soil quality.
The probable sources of degradation of soil quality will be due to generation &
disposal of ash and fugitive dust emissions. However, the impacts due to disposal of
ash are covered under Section-4.3.7.
The airborne fugitive dust from the plant is likely to be deposited on the topsoil in
the immediate vicinity of the plant boundary. However, the fugitive emissions are
likely to be controlled to a great extent through proposed control measures like
water sprinkling and development of greenbelt development. Hence, no major
impact is envisaged on soil quality of the project site.
4.3.7 Impact of Solid Waste
Ash is the major solid waste to be generated from the proposed coal based power
plant. Coal consumption of 0.3 MTPA was considered for estimation of ash
generation. Ash will be generated in both forms viz. bottom ash and fly ash.
About 80% of the total ash generation will be fly ash and remaining 20% comes
as bottom ash. The fly ash is the important air pollutant, which emits to outside
environment through stacks attached to boilers. ESP’s with >99.9% efficiency
shall be provided to prevent ash dispersions into ambient air. The details of the
solid waste generation are given in Table-4.6.
TABLE-4.6
EXPECTED SOLID WASTE FROM POWER PLANT
Sr. No. Plant Proposed Mode of Disposal

1 Ash 1,20,000 TPA
2 Bottom ash 24,000 TPA Silo for dry form and wet disposal to
3 Fly ash 98,000 TPA ash dyke
4 Used oil 2 KL Sold to authorised Recycler
5 Domestic solid 500 kg/month Vermi Composting
waste/Municipal
solid waste
It is proposed to collect fly ash from ESP hoppers in dry from and provide/supply
to potential ash users depending on the demand. The balance unutilized ash will
be disposed off using High Concentrated Slurry Disposal (HCSD) technology. An

Chapter-4
area of about 102 acres has been identified for ash pond within the project
premises. In view of the proposed HCSD ash disposal technology, ash pond
supernatant run-off would not be expected and the impacts on surrounding
environment would be insignificant. However, it is also proposed to provide the
ash pond with an impervious HDPE layers.
The sludge from sewage treatment plant will be dried, vermi-composted and used
as manure for greenbelt maintenance canteen/sanitary waste will be composted
and used as manure for greenbelt development.
With the implementation of above precautionary measures, the impacts due to

solid waste disposal will be minimal.
• Impact of Ash Pond on Surface Water
For ash disposal, high concentration slurry disposal method will be adopted. The
bottom ash slurry and fly ash slurry will be led to common slurry sump of the
combined ash slurry disposal pump house. In view of the proposed HCSD ash
disposal technology, ash pond supernatant run off would not be expected. Hence,
the impact of the ash pond on the surface water will be insignificant.
• Impact of Ash Pond on Ground Water

The possibility of groundwater contamination due to the leaching of metals from
the ash pond will be examined based on soil investigation study. The dykes around
the pond will be constructed with proper compaction at maximum dry density. The
co-efficient of permeability will be much less than the natural deposits to further
reduce the drain ability. However, with the passage of time, more and more fly ash
particles will get deposited in the pore spaces of the top soil making it essentially
non-porous and impervious and in view of the above, contamination through
leaching is not envisaged. However, it is also proposed to provide the ash pond
with impervious bottom HDPE layers of about 10-9 cm/sec permeability, which is
very low and no water can be perculated.
In view of the above mitigative measures, no surface water or groundwater

pollution is anticipated from the ash disposal area. Similarly, as the other solid
wastes are also used properly, no impact of solid waste is envisaged.
4.3.8 Impacts on Ecology
Detailed flora and fauna studies were carried out during study period and the
details are presented in Section-3.9 of Chapter-3. About 127 plant species were
identified and these are commonly growing plant species of the region. As per
survey and also from field studies, there are no endangered, threatened and
protected plants. 67 animal species were recorded/ observed during study period.
It can be concluded that there are about 6 species which belong to Sch-II and 1
species belong to Sch-III, 52 species which belong to Sch-IV and 8 species which
belong to Sch-V of Wildlife Protection Act, 1972.
It is proposed to develop greenbelt with an average width of about 50 m to 100

m around plant site and implementation of eco development along with local

Chapter-4
people will enhance the greenery of the area. Hence, no significant adverse
impact is envisaged on terrestrial ecology.
The impacts on aquatic ecology due to proposed project would be negligible as the
treated effluents from the proposed power project will meet the prescribed
standards prior to final discharge.
Similarly, as the discharge water will not have much higher temperature than the
receiving body, no thermal effects on receiving body due to discharge are
envisaged.
Hence, minimal impact is envisaged on the ecology of the area.
4.3.9 Impact on Noise Levels
The main noise generating stationary sources from the power plant will be
pumps, compressors along with cooling tower and boilers. The noise levels at the
source for these units will be in the range of 75-85 dB(A). The noise dispersion
from the plant units has been computed based on the mathematical model. The
major noise generating sources from the proposed plant are identified and listed
in Table-4.7. These are considered as input to the noise model.
TABLE-4.7
MAJOR NOISE GENERATING SOURCES
Sr. No. Sources Noise Level in dB(A) Nature of Noise

[1-m away]
1 Turbine unit 85 Continuous
2 Cooling tower 75 Continuous
3 Air compressors 85 Continuous
4 Transformer 75 Continuous
5 Boiler 85 Continuous
4.3.9.1 Presentation of Results
The incremental noise levels are computed at proposed project site at 100 m X
100 m grid intervals over an area of 10 km X 10 km study area. The predicted
results of incremental noise levels at each grid points are used to draw noise
contours. The predicted noise contours around proposed sources are shown in
Figure-4.7. The predicted noise levels at the plant boundaries are given below in
Table-4.8.
TABLE-4.8
PREDICTED NOISE LEVELS AT THE PLANT BOUNDARIES
Sr. No. Direction Incremental Noise Level in dB(A)

1 N 34
2 NE 30
3 E 34
4 SE 32
5 S 34
6 SW 32
7 W 34
8 NW 32

Chapter-4
The predicted noise levels at the boundary due to various plant activities will be
ranging in between 30 to 34 dB(A). The incremental noise levels will be less than
40 dB(A) at all the surrounding habitations. It is seen from the simulation results
that the incremental noise levels will be well within the CPCB standards.
4.3.9.2 Impact on Work Zone
Boilers and cooling towers are the high noise generating equipments in the
proposed power plant. However, impacts on the working personnel are not
expected to be significant on account of the high level of automation of the plant,
which means that workers will be exposed for short duration only and that too
intermittently.
The noise generation during operational phase would be at source itself through
different measures such as inspection, operation and maintenance at regular
intervals. The noise control measures as described in EMP will be fully followed.
The occupational noise exposure to the workers in the form of 8-hourly time
weighted average will be maintained well within the prescribed OSHA standards
(<90 dB (A)). Hence, the impact on occupational health of workers would be
insignificant.
4.3.9.3 Impact on Community
As per the location of power plant, the minimum distance available between
proposed major noise sources and the outer periphery of the project site would
be more than 500 m. The cumulative incremental impact of all noise sources at
boundary will range between 30 and 34 dB (A). The effective increase of
incremental noise contours at the boundary would be only about 1.5 to 2.5 dB(A).
The nearest human habitations are located at about 0.7 km from the boundary
and the cumulative noise impacts would be insignificant.
4.3.10 Impacts on Socio-Economics
This section of the chapter deals with the demographic, social and economic
impact of the proposed power plant study area. The project is expected to have
following impending impacts any industrialization would create on demographic,
socio-economic and health conditions of the study area.
The anticipated impacts’ of this project on various socio-economic aspects is

described in the following sections:
Impact on Human Settlement
The proposed power plant is planned to be located on the North-West of NTPC-

SAIL existing power plant of 2x60 MW (CPP-II) inside the boundary of Durgapur
Steel Plant. The area inside Durgapur Steel Plant (DSP) where main plant and its
auxiliaries are proposed to be set up has already been identified for NTPC-SAIL
Power Company Private Ltd by DSP. Existing captive power plant (CPP) with
power generation capacity of 120 MW (2X60 MW Turbo Alternator units along
with associated boilers and auxiliaries) was installed in the year 1984-85.

Chapter-4
There is no habitation at the project site and there will not be any displacement of
the population for this project as there is no land proposed for acquisition
separately; hence the issue of Rehabilitation and Resettlement will not arise. The
human settlements are at considerable distance from the existing power plant
area and also the proposed new power plant.
Impact on Population Growth
The project is expected to provide some employment to the families in the nearby
villages. It is assumed that half of the employees will be from the study area
itself. The population of the nearby village of project will grow more than the
average growth rate.
Increase of Migration
12.8% growth of population is reported between 2001 to 2011 census, within 10

km radius of the project area, mainly due to migration of workers in to project
area. The West Bengal growth rate of rural population is 7.7%. The project area
population is growing on a rapid phase.
The trend is expected to continue as the proposed project also would provide
considerable direct and indirect employment to the families from the nearby
villages. About 50% employees from outside may take up jobs in the proposed
project and with migration of their families, an increase in the population is
anticipated.
Impact on Literacy and Educational Facilities
As per the 2011 census considerable impact of literacy within 3 km radius of

project area is observed. The rate of literacy in 3 km radius is improved from
74.01% in 2001 to 77.53% in 2011.
Similarly the literacy level of the project area is likely to increase further as there
will be influx of many educated people taking up jobs in this project, which is
likely to result in establishment of better educational facilities.
Apart from this better literacy rates were also possible due to assumed better
economic conditions of the people. This has impacted on improving the social
status and will improve the living conditions in the region.
There will be also a positive impact on education due to the establishment of

proposed project. The project proponent is already running various educational
institutions from primary to higher education as part of its CSR initiatives.
Impact on Civic Amenities
The study area has reasonably developed with improved network of roads,
educational institutions, post office, drinking water facility, communication,
entertainment and health care facilities. The construction of new roads in the
project area has enhanced the transportation facilities. With improved
transportation facilities there is always a scope for further development. Apart

Chapter-4
from this the CSR activities undertaken by the project proponent had also
contributed to the overall development of the nearby villages. Overall a positive
impact on civic amenities and improved living conditions is expected.
Impact on Health Care Facilities
Due to the development of the villages with infrastructure facilities like, safe
drinking water, sanitation, health centers and education facilities, the positive
impact on the health condition of the population is noted and the same is
expected to continue.
But the urbanization due to industrialization may have impact on health status of
both migrants and local population. The incidence of public health like, HIV/AIDS,
TB and other respiratory related issues may increase.
Impact on Economic Aspects
The impact of proposed project on the economic aspects can be clearly observed.
The proposed plant is also expected to have positive impact on economy in terms
of employment opportunities, infrastructure facilities and enhancement of per
capita income in the nearby region. Workforce available locally will be preferred
for employment depending upon their qualification and requirement of the
project.
The project will definitely help in improvement of the socio-economic status of the
society in the region by generating direct or indirect employment opportunities.
The project will also induce the development of ancillary and related small-scale
industries in the adjoining areas. It is obvious to assume that the activities of the
proposed project operations will produce some improvements in the socio-
economic levels in the study area.
The project will also contribute additional revenue to the State and Central
exchequer in the form of direct and indirect taxes etc.
Apart from this project proponent is committed to plan for development of local
village schools to provide support for creating sports facilities, additional
classrooms, sanitation facilities, etc. Skill development of local people through
training and local women entrepreneurs will be supported by providing petty
contracts.
E.g. canteen, plantation and tea stall etc will be explored.
Impact on Other Sensitive Locations
There are no buildings of public interest and monuments notified by

archaeological department in and around the proposed power plant area. Thus,
there will not be any impact on the tourist/religious or historical important places
due to proposed power plant.

Chapter-4
-1000 -800 -600 -400 -200 0 200 400 600 800 1000
1000 1000
800 800
600 600
400 400
200 200
0 0
-200 -200
-400 -400
-600 -600
-800 -800
-1000 -1000
-1000 -800 -600 -400 -200 0 200 400 600 800 1000
FIGURE-4.7
PREDICTED NOISE DISPERSION CONTOURS
Chapter-4
4.3.11 Impacts on Public Health and Safety
The discharge of waste materials (stack emission, wastewater and solid wastes)
from process operations may have potential impact on public safety and health.
The wastewater generated from power plant will be treated before discharging
outside. It is proposed to reuse the wastewater to the maximum extent. Since,
the adverse impacts on ambient air and soil quality are predicted to be low it is
anticipated that with effective implementation of control measures suggested for
pollution control, the impact on public health will be minimum.
4.4 Environment Management Plan during Construction Phase
During construction phase, the construction activities like site levelling, grading,
transportation of the construction material cause various impacts on the
surroundings. However, the constructional phase impacts are temporary and
localised phenomena except the permanent change in local landscape and land use
pattern of the project site.
4.4.1 Land Environment Management
Preparation of site will involve excavations and fillings. The earthen material
generated during excavations and site grading periods, shall be properly dumped
and slope stabilisation shall be taken. The topsoil generated during construction
shall be preserved and reused for plantations.
No nallas of water courses are present in the project site. However, natural drainage
pattern shall not be disturbed as far as possible.
The approach road to project site shall be appropriately widened and strengthened
to facilitate vehicular movement.
The greenbelt area shall be delineated before start-up of earthwork and tree
plantation shall be taken up during construction stage itself.
4.4.2 Air Quality Management
The activities like site development, grading and vehicular traffic contribute to
increase in PM and NOx concentrations. The mitigation measures recommended to
minimize the impacts are:
• Water sprinkling in construction area;

• Asphalting the main approach road;
• Proper maintenance of vehicles and construction equipment; and
• Tree plantation in the area earmarked for greenbelt development.
4.4.3 Water Quality Management
The soil erosion at site during heavy precipitation contributes to the increase in
suspended solids. The wastewater from vehicle and construction equipment
maintenance centre will contribute to oil and grease concentration. The wastewater
from labour colony will contribute to higher BOD concentrations. The mitigation
measures recommended to minimize the impacts are:
Chapter-4
• Sedimentation tank to retain the solids from run-off water;

• Oil and grease trap at equipment maintenance centre;
• Packaged STP/Septic tanks to treat sanitary waste; and
• Utilizing the wastewater in greenbelt development.
4.4.4 Noise Level Management
Operation of construction equipment and vehicular traffic contribute to the increased

noise level. Recommended mitigation measures are:
• Good maintenance of vehicles and construction equipment;
• Restriction of construction activities to day time only;
• Plantation of trees around the plant boundary to attenuate the noise; and
• Provision of earplugs and earmuffs to workers.
4.4.5 Ecological Management
During construction, vegetation in the plant premises is required to be cleared. The

measures required to be undertaken to minimise the impact on the ecology are:
• The felling of trees will be kept at minimum; and

• The greenbelt having vegetation density of 2500 trees/ha will be developed.
4.4.6 Social community Management
Constructional activities will generate employment to about 150 workers. For

construction work force, temporary sanitation facilities (septic tanks and soak pits)
will be set-up for disposal of sanitary sewage. Similarly, rest rooms and canteen
facilities will be provided for truck drivers during construction as well as operation
phase of power plant.
4.5 Environment Management Plan during Operation Phase
During operation phase, the impacts on the various environmental attributes should
be mitigated using appropriate pollution control equipment. The Environment
Management Plan prepared for the proposed project aims at minimizing the
pollution at source.
4.5.1 Air Pollution Management
Fugitive and stack emissions from the power plant will contribute to increase in
concentrations of PM, SO2, and NOx pollutants. The mitigative measures
recommended in the plant are:
• Installation of ESP followed Fabric filter (Hybrid ESP) of efficiency more than
99.9% to limit the PM concentrations below 50 mg/Nm3;
• Provision of tall stack of 75 m height for wider dispersion of gaseous emissions;
• Provision of water sprinkling system at raw material storage yard;
• Asphalting of the roads within the plant area;
• Provision of dust extraction systems at dust generating source;
• Developing of greenbelt around the plant to arrest the fugitive emissions; and

Chapter-4
• Online flue gas monitors as well as flue gas flow rates and temperature
measurement shall be provided for all stacks;
The fugitive dust emissions shall be controlled by installation of closed conveyor

system along with suitable dust suppression measures.
4.5.2 Water Pollution Management
Wastewater will be generated from cooling towers, boilers in the power plant.
Besides, domestic wastewater from canteen and employees wash area, township
will also be generated. The recommended measures to minimise the impacts and
conservation of fresh water are:
• Recycling of wastewater generated in cooling tower into process and ash

disposal, coal handling and service water requirements;
• The plant raw water requirement shall be optimised. The COC in cooling system
shall be maximised;
• The effluent carrying oil spillage in the plant area shall be sent to oil-water
separator for removal of oil;
• Coal stock piles and ash ponds shall be provided with garland drains and water
shall be treated for suspended / floating solids;
• Adequate treatment of wastewater prior to recycling/reuse to maximum extent;
• Provision of sewage treatment plant to treat domestic sewage generated from
plant;
• Utilization of treated domestic wastewater in toilet flushing, greenbelt
development and dust suppression;
• Lining of effluent pond suitably to prevent any seepage into ground to avoid any
groundwater contamination;
• Provision of separate storm water system to collect and store run-off water
during rainy season and utilization of the same in the process to reduce the
fresh water requirement;
• Final disposal shall be through open channel with natural cascade aeration
arrangement to improve DO in treated effluent;
• Treated effluents from all streams should be stored in CMB/Effluent Pond /Guard
Pond having 5 to 6 days detention time;
• The treated wastewater before disposal shall be checked for conformity of
Environment Protection rules; and
• Suitable rainwater harvesting structures to be constructed.
The wastewater from various units of the plant shall be appropriately treated and
disposed and details are presented in Table-4.9.
TABLE-4.9
DETAILS OF WASTE WATER TREATMENT
Type of Wastewater Treatment Proposed

Cooling tower blow down Sent to central monitoring basin,(CMB)
Boiler blow down Sent to CMB
DM plant regeneration waste Neutralization pit and sent to CMB
Service water Treated in ETP (flocculator, settling tank)
and sent to CMB
Effluents from fuel storage areas, floor washings, Passed through Oil water separator and
runoff from Oil handling area sent to CMB

Chapter-4
The flowcharts of Effluent Treatment Scheme and the proposed STP are given in
Figure-4.8 and Figure-4.9, respectively.
4.6 Rainwater Harvesting System
Rainwater harvesting structures shall be provided to recharge the groundwater

resources in the region. The run-off water from the roof of the structures and
paved areas shall be collected through storm water drainage system and led to
rain water harvesting structure. The typical rainwater harvesting structure is
shown in Figure-4.10.
4.6.1 Rainwater Harvesting Facilities
Groundwater Recharge with Rain Water Harvesting
There is generation of surface run-off from the plant facility during monsoon
season. The run-off will be of two types, i.e., run-off from the pervious area of
the facility site and run-off from the built-up area of the facility.
• Run-off from the Built-up Areas
The run-off from the paved surfaces of the proposed facility will be routed
through a carefully designed storm water drainage network and collected in storm
water collection sump and excess rainwater will be discharged to bore wells
constructed on these internal drains.
• Run-off from the Pervious Area
The run-off from the pervious area will be routed directly to the rainwater
harvesting structures constructed at suitable locations as per the contours. For
augmenting the ground water resources in the plant premises, number of
rainwater harvesting pits will be constructed and the internal drains where excess
rain water is flowing in drain will be diverted to these pits. These structures will
facilitate percolation of water into the ground thus augmenting the groundwater
sources. The roof top water will be routed to the storm drains. This will result in
increase in groundwater tables and to some extent in the improvement of ground
water quality. The size and the locations of rainwater harvesting pits will be
decided during detailed engineering of the project. Run off from the proposed
project site is calculated using rational formula:
Q=CxIXA
Q = Run-off in m3/hr
A = Catchment Area (ha)
C = Coefficient of Run-off
I = intensity of Rainfall in mm/hr
Total area = 35.5 acres
Intensity of Rainfall (I) = 2.5 cm/hr (1 inch/hr)
Run-off co-efficient (C) = 0.7
Q = 0.7 x (2.5/100) m/hr x (35.5 x 10000) m2
= 6212.5 m3/hr

Chapter-4
4.6.1.1 Storm Water Management
The power plant water management system will be designed to minimize the
potential for storm water contamination occurring at the site. This will be
achieved by incorporating the following features into the storm water
management system:
• Run-off from upstream areas will be diverted around the plant site;
• The quantity of contaminated run-off generated will be minimized by diverting
run-off from areas external to the plant to storm water discharge points;
• Hazardous material and fuel storage areas will be bunded and drains will be
provided to around these facilities to prevent entering of run-off water; and
• Run-off from area external to process areas of the plant will be contained
within a storage system.
4.6.2 Noise Pollution Management
In the plant operation process, various equipments like pumps, cooling tower,
compressors etc generate the noise. The recommendations to mitigate higher noise
levels are:
• Equipments should be designed to conform to noise levels prescribed by

regulatory authorities;
• Provision of acoustic barriers or shelters in noisy workplaces;
• Provision of hoods to noise generating equipments like pumps;
• Provision of thick greenbelt to attenuate the noise levels;
• Provision of Personal Protective Equipments (PPE) such as earplugs, earmuffs to

the workers working in high noise level area; and
• Implementation of greenbelt, landscaping with horticulture at power block areas

to reduce noise impacts.
4.6.3 Solid Waste Management
Solid waste in the form of ash will be generated in a coal based thermal power
plant. The total ash generated in the plant will be 1,20,000 TPA out of which 20%
will be bottom ash i.e. 24,000 TPA and balance will be fly ash of 98,000 TPA. The
following measures shall be taken for solid waste management:
• Whole fly ash generated in the plant shall be supplied to Letter of Award (LOA)
• The bottom ash will be disposed off in ash pond, which will be provided with clay
lining;
• Sufficient moisture content will be maintained in the ash dyke to prevent fugitive
dust;
• The used oil will be given to authorized recyclers;
• The organic portion of sludge waste generated in the sewage treatment plant
(STP) will be used as manure in greenbelt development; and
• Maintaining the data base on solid waste generation.
Chapter-4
FIGURE-4.8
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF EFFLUENT TREATMENT SCHEME
Chapter-4
Domestic Wastewater
From Plant & Colony
Aeration
Bar Screen Grit Chamber Tank
Alum
Pressure Clariflocculator Clarifier

Filter
Sludge Sludge
Treated
Water for
Reuse
Sludge drying beds

dried sludge as manure for greenbelt
FIGURE-4.9
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT

Chapter-4
FIGURE-4.10
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF RAIN WATER HARVESTING PIT

Chapter-4
4.6.3.1 Literature on Fly Ash Utilization
• Fly Ash use in Cement Industries
Cement mixed with fly ash is known as Portland Pozzolana Cement (PPC). As per
the Indian standards, fly ash can be used to replace 25% cement. The fly ash
cement is made by grinding with clinker. The fly ash generated from proposed
power plant will be supplied to cement plants in the region. The fly ash can be
utilized by these cement plants to manufacture PPC cement.
• Fly Ash use in Road Construction
Fly ash can be used as a component in a stabilized aggregate sub-base course. A

blend of 84% dense aggregate, 11% pond fly ash and 5% hydrated lime gives
maximum dry density, optimum moisture content and unconfined compressive
strength.
4.6.3.2 Prospective Ash Utilization
It is very much clear that the ash generated at the power plant can be effectively
used for various products. Though the acceptability of the ash-based products
may take a long time, it is always better to start on a small scale.
4.6.3.3 Policy on Fly Ash Utilization

Utilization of ash produced by coal based power stations as a thrust area of its
activities and all possible actions will be taken to enhance level of ash utilization.
In the proposed power plant, various avenues for ash utilization will be explored
as delineated in the above sections. In particular, supply of quality ash for
manufacture of cement will be taken as there are some cement units. Some of
the actions planned for the project are as given below:
• The proponent will make efforts to motivate and encourage entrepreneurs to

set up units for manufacture of ash-based products such as fly ash bricks,
lightweight aggregates, and cellular concrete products etc as ancillary
industries in the region. NTPC-SAIL power would be providing all possible
infrastructure facilities to these entrepreneurs in accordance with its policy;
• The proponent would also continue to encourage utilization of available ash
based products in all its construction activities; and
• The proponent will encourage the use of water treated fly ash as a soil
ameliorator and as a source of micro-nutrients and secondary nutrients for
improving agricultural productivity.
4.6.3.4 Conclusion
All efforts will be made for maximum utilization of ash. However, after reviewing
various proposals of the ash utilization, 100% of ash utilization is possible at the
initial period and same will be improved over the period of time in future. The
project proponent is committed to explore possibilities for ash utilization
considering new technologies and avenues and try to achieve the target fixed by
MoEF in this regard.

Chapter-4
NTPC-SAIL Power Company Private Ltd is committed to comply with the Fly Ash
Utilization Notification, 2009.
4.6.3.5 Fly Ash Disposal

The balance ash after utilisation shall be disposed in ash ponds. Ash disposal system
proposed is High Concentration Slurry Disposal (HCSD). Treated wastewater will be
used in ash handling plant. The ash pond will be provided with impervious lining.
The area provided for ash pond is about 19 acres.
The major advantages of the HSCD method are:
• Very low water consumption;

• The slurry can be self-setting and self limiting so that ash will be deposit and dry
by itself to form a hard surface;
• Considerably less area is required for ash disposal;
• Specific energy consumption in pumping and transportation will be much lower;
• Pipeline diameter can be much smaller and transportation velocities could also
be considerably lower due to the fact that the slurry is non-settling. This could
also reduce wear in the pipeline;
• Both bottom ash and fly ash can be disposed together if needed; and
• The trenches will be constructed along the periphery of the ash pond to collect
the run-off water during rainy days. The run-off water will be routed through
sedimentation tank before discharging into nalla.
The ash will be utilized in various construction material to the maximum extent and
100% utilization will be achived.
4.7 Greenbelt Development
With rapid industrialization and consequent deleterious impact of pollutants on
environment, values of environmental protection offered by trees are becoming
clear. Trees are very suitable for detecting, recognizing and reducing air pollution
effects. Monitoring of biological effects of air pollutant by the use of plants as
indicators has been applied on local, regional and national scale. Trees function as
sinks of air pollutants, besides their bio-esthetical values, owing to its large
surface area.
The greenbelt development not only functions as foreground and background
landscape features resulting in harmonizing and amalgamating the physical
structures of the plant with surrounding environment, but also acts as pollution
sink. Thus, implementation of afforestation program is of paramount importance.
It will also check soil erosion, make the ecosystem more complex and functionally
more stable and make the climate more conducive.
Greenbelt with a width of 50 m to 100 m will be developed around the plant site.
The total greenbelt around the power plant complex will be about 24.5 acres.
In the proposed greenbelt about 12000 trees will be planted over an area of 3.5
acres with a density of 2500 trees/ha. A capital budget for Environmental
protection measures is Rs. 16.9 crores capital cost and 8.1 crores recurring coat
per annum. The plantation schedule will be completed within five years from the
construction period of the project. The plantation schedule is given in Table-
4.10.

Chapter-4
TABLE-4.10
GREENBELT DEVELOPMENT SCHEDULE
Year No. Saplings Cost (Rs lakh)

1st Year 1000 250000
2nd Year 1700 425000
3rd Year 2500 625000
4th Year 3000 750000
5th Year 3800 950000
Total 12000 3000000
The layout plan of the greenbelt and tree cover in plant area is shown in Figure-
4.11.
4.7.1 Species for Plantation
The species proposed will have broad leaves. Trees will be selected based on the
type of pollutants, their intensity, location, easy availability and suitability to the
local climate. They have different morphological, physiological and bio-chemical
mechanism/ characters like branching habits, leaf arrangement, size, shape,
surface (smooth/hairy), presence or absence of trichomes, stomatal conductivity
proline content, ascorbic acid content, cationic peroxides and sulphite oxidize
activities etc to trap or reduce the pollutants. Species to be selected will fulfil the
following specific requirements of the area:
• Tolerance to specific conditions or alternatively wide adaptability to eco-

physiological conditions;
• Rapid growth;
• Capacity to endure water stress and climate extremes after initial
establishment;
• Differences in height and growth habits;
• Pleasing appearances; and
• Providing shade.
Based on the above, the recommended species for greenbelt and plantation are
given in Table-4.11. Further, the already existing / native species will be given
preference.

Chapter-4
FIGURE-4.11
GREENBELT DEVELOPMENT PLAN

Chapter-4
TABLE-4.11
RECOMMENDED PLANTS FOR GREENBELT
Note: S: Small, M: Medium, L: Large
Sr. Botanical Name of the Plant Size of Plant
No. with Height Type and Suitable Site
1 Acacia auriculaeformis M; Semi-evergreen fragrant white flowers;
(Mimosaceae) suitable in green belts and on road sides
Height: 5m
2 Adina cordifolia (Rubiaceae) L; deciduous, a light demander, suitable on
Height: 20m open areas & near flares
3 Aegle marmelos( Rutaceae) M; deciduous, good for green belts near temples
Height: 12m
4 Anogeissus latifolia M; deciduous suitable for green belts
( Combretaceae)
5 Artabotrys hexapetaius S; evergreen shrub with fragrant flowers good
(Annonaceae) for gardens & inside boundary wall and long
Height: 10m canals
6 Averrhoa carambola S; semi ever green good in narrow green belts (
(Averrhoaceae Oxalidaceae) green belts < 50 m width)
Height: 5m Along channels
7 Azadirachta India (Meliaceae) L; evergreen ;
Height: 20m Suitable in green belts and out side office &
hospital buildings
8 Bauhinia variegate M; deciduous, good in green belts in garden and
(Caesalpiniaceae) as a second row avenue tree
Height: 5m
9 Boswellia serrata M; deciduous suitable on green belt on shallow
(Burseraceae) soils
Height: 4m
10 Burera serrata (Bureraceae) M; evergreen, suitable on shallow soil as a
Height: 4m green belt or avenue tree
11 Butea monosperma M; deciduous for green belts and as a second
(Fabaceae; Papilionaceae) row avenue tree
Height: 10m
12 Caesalpinia pulcherrima S; a large shrub, suitable for gardens out side
(Leguminosae) offices and along channels
Height: 4m
13 Callistemon lanceolatus M; deciduous for some time, ornamental plant in
(Myrtaceae) garden
Height: 5m
14 Careva aroborea L; deciduous, good in green belts
(Lecythidaceae)
15 Carrisa carandas S; semi evergreen. Large bushy shrub, good as
(Apocynaceae) a hedge to protect against noise
Height: 3m
16 Caryota urens ( Palmae) A lofty palm, good as a windbreak
Height: 5m
17 Cassia fistula M; deciduous, good ornamental tree in green
(Leguminopsaae) belts
Height: 12m
18 C. Siamea L; evergreen, good an avenue tree
Height: 10-12m
19 Cedrela toona L; deciduous, good in open spaces, in green
(Meliaceae) belts and along ponds
Height: 5-8m
20 Cestrum diurnum S; a shrub with white fragrant flowers, suitable
(solanaceae) around boilers and waste disposal sites
Height: 3m
21 Cleistanthus collinus S; deciduous tree suitable in green belts

Chapter-4

(Euphorbiaceae)
Height: 3-5m
22 Dalberciasisso (Leguminosae) M; deciduous suitable on areas around flare
Height: 3-5m sites and in green belts
23 Delomix regia M; deciduous ornamental, suitable on road sides
(Leguninosae)
Height: 15m
24 Dillenia India L; evergreen, white fragrant flowers, good in
Height: 3-5m green belts and around waste disposal sites.
25 D. Pentagyna L; deciduous , good in green belts and on site
Height: 5-8m around flare
26 Emblica officinalis M; deciduous, good as isolated trees in gardens.
(Euphorbiaceae)
Height: 5m
27 Ervthrina suberosa M; deciduous, good in green belts
(Leguminosae)
28 E.variegata M; deciduous, good in gardens out side office
Height: 10m buildings
29 Ficus bengalensis L; deciduous, widely spaced avenue tree (15 m
Height: 20m apart)
30 F. religiosa L; deciduous, widely spaced avenue tree also as
Height: 20m a single tree in isolated sites
31 Gmelina arborea M; deciduous , good in green belts around flare
(Verbenaceae) sites
Height: 3-5m
32 Grewia tiloifolia M; good in green belts for use as timber
(Tiliaceae)
Height:3- 5m
33 Hamelia patents S; evergreen shrub with dense attractive foliage
(Rubiaceae) of greenish bronze leaves; good in gardens
Height: 3m
34 Hardwickia binata M; deciduous, good for green belts on shallow
(Leguminosae) soils
Height: 3-5m
35 Hibiscus mutabilis S; large bushy shrub, semi evergreen good in
(Malvaceae) green belts & in gardens, along channels
Height: 3-5m
36 H. rosa sinensis S; evergreen woody showy shrub good for
Height: 3m gardens
37 Lxora arbprea S; much branched evergreen; good in green
(Rubiaceae) belts and in gardens
Height: 1-2m
38 Lxora coccinea S; much branched evergreen; good in gardens
Height: 1-2m and in green belts
39 Jasminum sbrahmanir (Oleaceae) S; much branched evergreen; good in gardens
and in green belts
40 Kydia calycina (Malvaceae) S; deciduous, good along canals and in green
belts
41 Lagerstroemia speciosa M; deciduous, good along road sides and in
(Lythraceae) garden
Height: 10m
42 Lannea coramandelica L; deciduous, good on well drained green belts
(Anacardiaceae) and around flares
Height: 3-5m
43 Lawsonia alba (Lythraceae) S; glabrous much branched shrub, good along
Height: 3-5m canal sides
44 Madhuca indica M; deciduous, good in green belts

Chapter-4

(Sapotaceae)
Height: 5-8m
45 Mallotus philippensis S; small evergreen tree, good along canals
(Euphorbiaceae)
Height: 5-8m
46 Melia azedarach M; deciduous good along small roads and canals
(Meliaceae)
Height: 5-8m
47 Millingtonia hortensis L; semi evergreen flowers fragrant, good along
( Bignoniaceae) road sides
Height: 3-5m
48 Mimusops elengi M; evergreen, good for avenues
(Sapotaceae)
Height: 10m
49 Moringa oleifera M; deciduous, with fragrant flowers
(Moringaceae)
Height: 10m
50 Murava koenigii (Rutaceae) S; semi evergreen good in green belts suitable
Height: 3-5m site and along small channels
51 Oreodoxa regia (Palmae) L; semi- evergreen good along medium and
Height: 5-8m small road sides as an ornamental plant
52 Pandanus odoratissimus S; a densely branched shrub; good in gardens
(Pandanaceae) near sea shore
Height: 1-2m
53 Peltophorum inerma M; Semi evergreen, suitable on road sides, in
(Leguminosae, Caaesalpiniaceae) gardens & outside office buildings
Height: 3-5m
54 Pliumeria acuuminata M; semi evergreen, fragrant white flowers, good
(Apocynaceae) in green belts
Height: 3-4m
55 Plumeria alba S; semi evergreen good for gardens
(Apocynaceae)
Height: 3-4m
56 Plumeria rubra S; semi evergreen good for gardens
Height: 3-4m
57 Pterocarpus marsupium M; deciduous, good on open areas with
(Leguminosae, Papilionaceae) adequate light
Height: 3-5m
58 Pogamia pinnata (Leguminosae, M; deciduous, good along roads and canals
Papilionaceae)
Height: 3-5m
59 Samalia malabarica (Bombaceae) M; deciduous, good for avenues
Height: 3-5m
60 Samanea saman (Leguminosae) L; deciduous, a good tree along road sides for
Height: 20m shade
61 Saraca indica (Leguminosae, M; evergreen tree good on road sides within
Caesalpinaceae) campus
Height: 5m
62 Spathodia campanulata L; iin gardens and avenues and in green belts, it
(Bignoniaceae) is deciduous
Height: 12m
63 Syzygium cuminii (Myyrtaceae) L; evergreen tree good in green belts, and with
Height: 20m in campus road sides
64 Tabernamontana coronaria S; an evergreen shrub, good in gardens and
(Apocynaceae) along cannels
Height: 2-3m
65 Tabebuia pentaphylla M; deciduous good in gardens

Chapter-4

(Bignomiaceae)
Height: 20m
66 Tamarindus indica (Leguminosae, L; evergreen tree good along state national
caesalpiniaceae) highways suitable site
Height: 20m
67 Xylia xyicarpa Good in gardens and along cannals and streams
(Leguminosae;Minosaceae) and on waste lands
Height: 2m
68 Zanthoxyium(Rutaceae) M; deciduous in green belts.
Height: 2m
Note: S: Small, M: Medium, L: Large
4.8 Cost Provision for Environmental Measures
It is proposed to invest about Rs. 361.94 Crores on pollution control, treatment

and monitoring systems for proposed power plant. The capital expenditure for
Environmental protection measures will about Rs. 18.1 Crores capital cost and 8.1
Crores recurring coat per annum. Cost provision for environmental measures are
given in Table-4.12.
TABLE-4.12
COST PROVISION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MEASURES
Sr. Particulars Capital Cost Recurring Cost

No (Rs. Crores) per Annum
(Rs. Crores)
1 Pollution monitoring and air quality equipment 15.2 6.9
2 Water quality monitoring and management 1.8 0.9
3 Greenbelt / plantation for entire period 0.9 0.3
4 Occupational Health 0.2 0
Total 18.1 8.1

Chapter-5
Analysis of Alternative Site
5.0 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE SITE
5.1 Analysis of Alternative Sites for Location of Power Plant
The proposed expansion is within the Existing plant premises. Hence, no

alternative sites were examined.
5.2 Selection of Turbine and Boiler
5.2.1 Turbine capacity and type
2 units each of capacity 20 MW have been envisaged to meet 39.0 MW

Emergency load. However, necessary load shedding and switching need to be
done during outage of one unit or fall of generation.
During Phase-II expansion the 3rd TA of 20 MW will be installed along with 3rd
Boiler and other auxiliaries. After the installation of 3rd unit the total Category-I
and Emergency power demand will be met by new Power Plant and during shut
down of one machine the demand will be approximately 44.0 MW and will be met
by the remaining two units with necessary load shedding and switching.
Present generation Turbine with high efficiency has been envisaged. Turbine will
be condensing type.
5.2.2 Boiler capacity and type
The steam requirement for 40 MW generation, internal requirement for

condensate heating at de-aerator, ejector, sealing oil atomizing etc. will be
approximately 180 TPH. The requirement will be met by 2 Boilers.
Considering 90% of consisting loading on each Boiler the capacity of each Boiler
has been selected as 100 TPH. Boilers will run only on coal for 100% of rated
capacity. Light Diesel Oil (LDO) shall be used as startup fuel.
The existing type stokered fired Boilers are old and have lower efficiency.
Pulverized fuel fired Boilers are efficient but most suitable for 200 TPH and above.
For the capacity of 100 TPH boiler both Atmospheric Fluidized Bed Combustion
(AFBC) and Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustion (CFBC) are suitable. The
comparison between AFBC and CFBC boiler are given in Table-5.2.
TABLE-5.2
COMPARISON BETWEEN AFBC AND CFBC BOILERS
Sr. No Description AFBC Boiler CFBC Boiler

1 Combustor Inbed coils immersed in No inbed coils. Higher
the bubbling bed. The heat heat transfer rate in the
transfer rate in inbed coils entire furnace walls.
is very high as compared
with rest of the furnace
walls.
2 Furnace height Approx 15 to 18 m. Approx. 30 to 32 m

Chapter-5
Analysis of Alternative Site
Sr. No Description AFBC Boiler CFBC Boiler

3 Thermal efficiency 2 to 3 % lower than CFBC -
4 Un-burnt carbon in 4 to 5 % for Indian coal 4 to 5 % for Indian coal
fly ash
5 Auxiliary power 20 to 25% lower than -
consumption CFBC
6 Sulfur capture Up to 75% > 95%
efficiency
7 NOx level 200 to 250 ppm 100 ppm
8 Fuel size Suitable for fines < 1 mm Suitable for fines < 1
max 30% mm max 40%
9 Load response, Turn Same Same
down, start up time
10 Fuel flexibility / Coal Lower in terms firing Better than AFBC
variation washery rejects, Petrcoke,
char, Biomass, etc.
11 Commissioning Time 15 to 16 months 16 to 17 months
commissioning commissioning
12 Capital cost - Approximately 30% to
35% costlier than AFBC
It is observed that both the types have their own advantage and disadvantage.
NTPC-SAIL informed that they have discussed with leading Boiler manufacturers
and also visited some of the operating plants based on CFBC and AFBC Boilers. It
has been observed by them that for the intended capacity (100 TPH), the Boiler
of AFBC type are generally operating. CFBC Boilers are more in numbers for
higher capacities i.e 130 TPH and above. However, the manufacturers while
recommending AFBC Boilers for the capacity envisaged are also not against
supply of CFBC Boilers.
Based on the above comparison AFBC Boilers have been selected over CFBC type
for this project with boiler capacity 100 TPH.

Chapter-6
Environmental Monitoring Program
6.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM
6.1 Introduction
Regular monitoring of environmental parameters is of immense importance to

assess the status of environment during project operation. With the knowledge of
baseline conditions, the monitoring programme will serve as an indicator for any
deterioration in environmental conditions due to operation of the project, to enable
taking up suitable mitigatory steps in time to safeguard the environment.
Monitoring is as important as that of control of pollution since the efficiency of
control measures can only be determined by monitoring.
Usually, as in the case of the study, an impact assessment study is carried over
short period of time and the data cannot bring out all variations induced by the
natural or human activities. Therefore, regular monitoring programme of the
environmental parameters is essential to take into account the changes in the
environmental quality.
6.2 Environmental Monitoring and Reporting Procedure
Monitoring will confirm that commitments are being met. This may take the form
of direct measurement and recording of quantitative information, such as
amounts and concentrations of discharges, emissions and wastes, for
measurement against corporate or statutory standards, consent limits or targets.
It may also require measurement of ambient environmental quality in the vicinity
of a site using ecological/biological, physical and chemical indicators. Monitoring
may include socio-economic interaction, through local liaison activities or even
assessment of complaints. NTPC-SAIL is presently out sourcing the monitoring
work MoEF recognised laboratory same will be utilized for the proposed expansion
project.
6.2.1 Objectives of Monitoring
The objectives of environmental post-project monitoring are to:
• Verify effectiveness of planning decisions;

• Measure effectiveness of operational procedures;
• Confirm statutory and corporate compliance; and
• Identify unexpected changes.
6.3 Monitoring Schedule
Environmental monitoring schedules are prepared covering various phases of

project advancement, such as constructional phase and regular operational phase.
6.3.1 Monitoring Schedule during Constructional Phase
The proposed power project envisages setting up of boilers, turbines and cooling
towers etc. The construction activities require clearing of vegetation, mobilisation of
construction material and equipment. The construction activities are expected to
last for over three years.

Chapter-6
The generic environmental measures that need to be undertaken during project

construction stage are given in Table-6.1.
TABLE-6.1
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING DURING PROJECT CONSTRUCTION STAGE
Sr. Potential Action to be Followed Parameters for Frequency of

No. Impact Monitoring Monitoring
1 Air Emissions All equipments are Random checks of Periodic
operated within specified equipment logs/
design parameters. manuals
Vehicle trips to be Vehicle logs Periodic during
minimized to the extent site clearance
possible & construction
activities
Maintenance of DG set Gaseous emissions Periodic
emissions to meet (SO2, HC, CO, NOx) emission
stipulated standards monitoring
Ambient air quality within The ambient air As per
the premises of the quality will conform to CPCB/SPCB
proposed unit to be the standards for requirement or
monitored. PM2.5,PM10,SO2, NOx, on monthly
CO and Ozone basis
whichever is
earlier
2 Noise List of all noise generating Equipment logs, noise Regular during
machinery onsite along reading construction
with age to be prepared. activities
Equipment to be
maintained in good
working order.
Night working is to be Working hour records Daily records
minimized.
Generation of vehicular Maintenance of Daily records
noise records of vehicles
Noise to be monitored in Spot Noise recording As per
ambient air within the CPCB/SPCB
plant premises. requirement or
on quarterly
basis
whichever is
earlier
3 Wastewater No untreated discharge to No discharge hoses Periodic during
Discharge be made to surface water, will be in vicinity of construction
groundwater or soil. watercourses. activities
4 Soil Erosion Protect topsoil stockpile Effective cover in Periodic during
where possible at edge of place. construction
site. activities
5 Drainage and Ensure drainage system Visual inspection of Periodic during
effluent and specific design drainage and records construction
Management measures are working thereof activities
effectively.
The design to incorporate

existing drainage pattern
and avoid disturbing the
same.
6 Waste Implement waste Comprehensive Waste Periodic check
Chapter-6

Management management plan that Management Plan during
identifies and should be in place construction
characterizes every waste and available for activities
arising associated with inspection on-site.
proposed activities and
which identifies the Compliance with MSW
procedures for collection, Rules, 1998 and
handling & disposal of Hazardous Wastes
each waste arising. (Management,
Handling and
Transboundary
Movement) Rules,
2008
7 Non-routine Plan to be drawn up, Mock drills and Periodic during
events and considering likely records of the same construction
accidental emergencies and steps activities
releases required to prevent/limit
consequences.
8 Health Employees and migrant All relevant Regular check
labour health check ups parameters including ups
HIV
9 Environmental The Environmental Responsibilities and During
Management Management Cell/Unit is to roles will be decided construction
Cell/ Unit be set up to ensure before the phase
implementation and commencement of
monitoring of work.
environmental safeguards.
10 Loss of flora Re-vegetation as per No. of plants, species During site
and fauna Forest guidelines clearance
phase
6.3.2 Monitoring Schedule during Operational Phase
During operational stage, continuous air emissions from power boilers,

wastewater, non-hazardous waste such as ash, and hazardous used oily wastes
are expected.
The following attributes which merit regular monitoring based on the

environmental setting and nature of project activities are listed below:
• Source emissions and ambient air quality;

• Groundwater Levels and ground water quality;
• Water and wastewater quality (water quality, effluent & sewage quality etc);
• Solid and hazardous waste characterisation (fly ash, bottom ash, oily wastes,
ETP sludge, used and waste oil);
• Soil quality;
• Noise levels (equipment and machinery noise levels, occupational exposures
and ambient noise levels); and
• Ecological preservation and afforestation.
The following routine monitoring programme as detailed in Table-6.2 will be

implemented at site. Besides to this monitoring, the compliances to all
environmental clearance conditions and regular permits from SPCB/MoEF will be
monitored and reported periodically.
Chapter-6
TABLE-6.2
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING DURING OPERATIONAL PHASE

1 Air Emissions Stack emissions from power Gaseous emissions Continuous
boilers to be optimized and (PM, SO2, CO, NOx monitoring
monitored ) using on-line
equipment
during operation
phase
Stack emissions from DG set Gaseous emissions Periodic during
to be optimized and (SO2, HC, CO, operation phase
monitored NOx)
Ambient air quality within PM10, PM2.5, SO2, As per
the premises of the NOx, CO and HC. CPCB/SPCB
proposed unit and nearby requirement or
habitations to be monitored. on weakly basis
whichever is
Exhaust from vehicles to be earlier
minimized by use of fuel Vehicle logs to be
efficient vehicles and well maintained
maintained vehicles having
PUC certificate.
Measuring onsite data of Wind speed, Continuous
Meteorology direction, temp., monitoring
relative humidity using on-line
and rainfall. weather station
during operation
phase
Vehicle trips to be Vehicle logs Daily records
minimized to the extent
possible
2 Noise Noise generated from Spot Noise Level Periodic during
operation of power recording; operation phase
boilers/cooling towers to be Leq(night),
optimized and monitored Leq(day), Leq(dn)
Noise generated from

operation of DG set to be
optimized and monitored
DG sets to generate less

than 75 dB(A) Leq at 1-m
from the source
DG sets are to be provided

at basement with acoustic
enclosures
Generation of vehicular Maintain records Periodic during
noise of vehicles operation phase
3 Wastewater No untreated discharge to Regular check ups Periodic during
Discharge be made to surface water, operation phase
groundwater or soil.
Take care in disposal of Discharge norms Periodic during
wastewater generated such for effluents operation phase
that soil and groundwater
resources are protected
Compliance of wastewater pH, TSS, TDS, Once in a week

Chapter-6

discharge to standards BOD, COD & during operation
Temperature phase
Compliance of treated Comprehensive as Once in a
sewage to standards per GSR 422(E) season
4 Drainage and Ensure drainage system and Visual inspection Periodic during
effluent specific design measures are of drainage and operation phase
Management working effectively. records thereof
Design to incorporate
existing drainage pattern
and avoid disturbing the
same.
5 Water Quality Monitoring used water Comprehensive Periodic during
and Water quality, groundwater quality monitoring as per operation phase
Levels around ash pond and IS:10500
ground water levels
Groundwater level
in meters bgl
River water quality As per CTO Once in a week
downstream to discharge
6 Work zone air Contaminants such as VOCs Monitoring of As per
contamination to be reduced by providing indoor air CPCB/SPCB
adequate ventilation contaminants such requirement
as CO, CO2 and
VOCs.
7 Emergency Fire protection and safety Mock drill records, Periodic during
preparedness, measures to take care of fire on site emergency operation phase
such as fire and explosion hazards, to be plan, evacuation
fighting assessed and steps taken plan
for their prevention.
8 Maintenance of Vegetation, greenbelt / No. of plants, Periodic during
flora and fauna green cover development species operation phase
9 Waste Implement waste Records of solid Periodic during
Management management plan that waste generation, operation phase
identifies and characterizes treatment and
every waste arising disposal
associated with proposed
activities and which
identifies the procedures for
collection, handling &
disposal of each waste
arising.
10 Soil quality Maintenance of good soil Physico-chemical Periodical
quality parameters and monitoring at
metals. ash pond site
11 Health Employees and migrant All relevant Regular check
labour health check ups parameters ups
including HIV
6.4 Monitoring Methods and Data Analysis of Environmental Monitoring
All environmental monitoring and relevant operational data will be stored in a

relational database and should be able to link to GIS system. This will enable
efficient retrieval and storage and interpretation of the data. Regular data
extracts and interpretive reports will be sent to the regulator.

Chapter-6
6.4.1 Air Quality Monitoring and Data Analysis
6.4.1.1 Stack Monitoring
The emissions from all the stacks will be monitored regularly. The exit gas
temperature, velocity and pollutant concentrations will be measured. Any
unacceptable deviation from the design values will be thoroughly examined and
appropriate action will be taken. Air blowers will be checked for any drop in exit gas
velocity.
6.4.1.2 Workspace Monitoring
The concentration of air borne pollutants in the workspace/work zone environment

will be monitored periodically. If concentrations higher than threshold limit values
are observed, the source of fugitive emissions will be identified and necessary
measures taken. Methane and non-methane hydrocarbons will be monitored in oil
storage area once in a season. If the levels are high suitable measures as detailed
in EMP will be initiated.
6.4.1.3 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring
The ground level concentrations of PM, SO2 and NOX in the ambient air will be
monitored at regular intervals. Any abnormal rise will be investigated to identify
the causes and appropriate action will be initiated. Greenbelt will be developed for
minimising dust propagation. The ambient air quality data should be transferred
and processed in a centralised computer facility equipped with required software.
Trend and statistical analysis should be done. Ambient air quality monitoring
studies will be carried out as per recent amendment of 16th November-2009 on
NAAQM and will be strictly followed.
6.4.2 Water and Wastewater Quality Monitoring and Data Analysis
To ensure a strict control over the water consumption, flow meters will be installed
for all major inlets. All leakages and excess will be identified and rectified. In
addition, periodic water audits will be conducted to explore further possibilities for
water conservation.
Methods prescribed in "Standard Methods for Examination of Water and

Wastewater" prepared and published jointly by American Public Health
Association (APHA), American Water Works Association (AWWA) is recommended.
6.4.2.1 Monitoring of Wastewater Streams
All the wastewater streams in the project area will be regularly analysed for flow
rate and physical and chemical characteristics. Such analysis is carried out for
wastewater at the source of generation, at the point of entry into the wastewater
treatment plant and at the point of final discharge. These data will be properly
documented and compared against the design values for any necessary corrective
action.

Chapter-6
6.4.2.2 Monitoring of Groundwater
The monitoring of groundwater is the most important tool to test the efficiency of
ash pond performance. This is indispensable as it provides detection of the
presence of waste constituents in groundwater in case of leachate migration. In
this programme, water samples are taken at a predetermined interval and analysed
for specific pollutant expected to be in the leachate.
6.4.3 Noise Levels
Noise levels in the work zone environment such as boiler house, cooling tower
area, DG house will be monitored. The frequency will be once in three months in
the work zone. Similarly, ambient noise levels near habitations will also be
monitored once in three months. Audiometric tests will be conducted periodically
for the employees working close to the high noise sources.
6.5 Reporting Schedules of the Monitoring Data
It is proposed that voluntary reporting of environmental performance with

reference to the EMP should be undertaken.
The environmental monitoring cell will co-ordinate all monitoring programmes at

site and data thus generated will be regularly furnished to the state regulatory
agencies.
The frequency of reporting will be on six monthly basis to the local state pollution
control board officials and to Regional office of MoEF & CC. The Environmental Audit
reports will be prepared for the entire year of operations and will be regularly
submitted to regulatory authorities.

Chapter-7
Additional Studies
7.0 ADDITIONAL STUDIES
7.1 Public Consultation
The West Bengal Pollution control board has conducted public hearing on 6th
January 2015 at Rabindra Bhawan, Shivaji Road, A-Zone, Durgapur, District
Burdwan, West Bengal as per the provisions of EIA notification S.O. 1533
dated:14th September 2006 for the proposed Durgapur Captive Power Project-III
(2x20 MW) at Durgapur, District Burdwan, West Bengal.
The press notification indicating date and venue of the public hearing was issued
by Member Secretary, West Bengal Pollution Control Board (WBPCB), on
8.12.2014 in prominent newspapers Viz. the Ananda Bazar Patrika local Bengali
News Paper and the Telegraph local English News Paper with project details
inviting suggestions, views, comments and objections from the public regarding
establishment of proposed project. The copies of the notification issued in
newspapers for public hearing are given below in Figure-7.1.
The EIA report along with Executive Summary in English and Bengali were
displayed and made available at the following places:
 Office of District Collector, WB;

 District Panchayat Office;
 Regional Office, WBPCB;
 District Industry Centre;
 Chief Conservator of Forests;
 Regional Office, Ministry of Environment and Forests; and
 Village Sarpanch Offices of respective villages in 10-km radius.
Further, one week before the public hearing, meetings and discussions were held
with the residents of the surrounding villages to familiarize them about the
project and proceedings of Public Hearing and briefed them about operations of
proposed project and allied development activities.
The Regional Officer briefed the public about the purpose of organizing the
hearing and assisted in smooth conduct of Public Hearing. The representative of
proposed project explained the salient features of project and specific reference
to the impacts on environment and its management.
After briefing the public about the project details by representative of M/s. NTPC-
SAIL and environmental details by consultant. They invited the public to express
their concerns, views and suggestions on this proposal. The minutes of the public
hearing is enclosed as Annexure-XIII.

Chapter-7
Additional Studies
FIGURE-7.1(A)
PAPER ADVERTISEMENT

Chapter-7
Additional Studies
FIGURE-7.1(B)
PAPER ADVERTISEMENT

Chapter-7
Additional Studies
PHOTOGRAPHS - PUBLIC HEARING

Chapter-7
Additional Studies
PHOTOGRAPHS - PUBLIC HEARING

Chapter-7
Additional Studies
7.1.1 Issues Discussed during Public Hearing
All the issues raised by individuals and reply of project proponent are given in
Annexure-XIII. The summary of issues raised are grouped and discussed below
in Table-7.1.
TABLE-7.1
SUMMARY OF ISSUES RAISED ARE GROUPED AND DISCUSSED
Sr Issues raised by the Public Comment of the Action Plan with Estimated Budget
No Project Proponent
1 Smt. Kasturi Sengupta, WBCS (Exe), It has been noted and NSPCL expenditure for CSR in last 5
SDO, Durgapur opined that a review NSPCL will integrate years is listed in the table.
committee and grievance redressal the CSR activities as
cell should be formed at the sub- per the policies.
division level in order to oversee the Period Expenditure
proper fulfillment of CSR
commitments of different industries 2010-11 1358297
situated in and around Durgapur.
2011-12 1352882
2012-13 1692790
2013-14 3275327
2014-15 4250000
(ongoing)
2a Sri Apurba Mukherjee, Hon’ble Mayor Yes, all the pollution A provision of Rs. 18.1 Crores has been
of Durgapur Municipal Corporation control measures made for the Environment Management
(DMC) stated that Durgapur is an (ESP, Bag filters, Dust Plan the details are provided in section-
industrial area and the pollution level Suppression 4.8 of Chapter-4.
of the area is already very high; measures) are in
hence stringent pollution control place.
measures must be taken up by PP for
their proposed expansion project.
2b Sri Mukherjee further emphasized NSPCL will see that Proposed to spend Rs. 1.2 Crores on
that collective effort should there is no discharge water quality, monitoring and
immediately be initiated for de- into the river to avoid management
siltation of river Damodar and water pollution. NSPCL
industries should maintain their zero will participate in the
discharge norms in order to minimize Government
water pollution caused to River programmes and will
Damondar. donate for the noble
cause.
The treated
wastewater will be
used for dust
suppression, domestic
water will be used for
gardening
2c The Hon’ble Mayor also requested the NSPCL has a separate CSR plan for Rs. 62.5 lakhs per annum
NSPCL authorities to initiate extensive CSR wing with a will be prepared for the proposed project.
CSR activities. He opined that there Senior Official and
should be a subdivision level activities are being NSPCL has been consistently spending
committee to monitor the proper planned annually and CSR budget and the provision is
implementation of CSR commitments the budgeted amount enhanced during the year and will be
of industries situated in Durgapur and is spent for the cause. continued in next coming years.
its adjoining areas.
2d Lastly Sri Mukherjee expressed hope CSR activities under Expenses till : 119.29 lakhs
that the upcoming expansion project implementation will be Expenses proposed : 62.5 lakhs
will contribute to the overall socio- strengthen
economic development of durgapur.
3a Sri Pravat Chatterjee, Hon’ble Mayor- Thank you.

Chapter-7
Additional Studies
in-Council of DMC welcomed the
project.
3b He also requested the PP to run their Yes, the regular Refer Point no. 2
pollution control devices effectively monthly monitoring
and initiate extensive CSR activity in works are in progress
consultation with the relevant district and will continue and
level committee in this regard. the reports are being
sent to regional MOEF
and Regional Pollution
Control Board office.
3c He finally thanked WBPCB for Noted. -----
conducting the public hearing and
thereby giving the common people of
the area to come up with their views,
queries and concerns about the
upcoming expansion project
4a Sri Lakhsman Mondal of Gopalmath Due care shall be Need based CSR plans will be developed
requested the PP to give priority to taken by NSPCL for and implemented in consultation with
villages which are situated adjacent to implementation of village level CSR committees.
their unit and mostly affected by various suggestions in
pollution generated from their process phased manner.
activities while executing CSR
activities.
4b He further requested the NSPCL The existing plant of As per the latest Fly ash notification all
authority to ensure proper utilization 2x60 MW has already the measures for the proposed plant will
of fly ash generated from their been following good be in place. An area of about 22 acres
process in order to minimize practices. The same has been allocated for ash disposal and
environmental nuisance created by shall be followed in an amount of Rs 10 crores has been
indiscriminate dumping of the same. the new plant and the allocated for ash pond and associated
concern of structures.
environmental
nuisance shall be
taken care by NSPCL.
4c Finally Sri Mondal thanked the PP for Thank you. An amount of Rs 30 lacs over a period of
their previous CSR activities and 5 years has been allocated for greenbelt
extensive plantation program. development.
5a Sri Srinibas Jana of B-Zone, Sri Manoj Thank you. ----
Kr. Bhattacharya of Ispatpally and Sri
Tapas Ghos of Baganpara welcomed
the project.
5b They requested the PP to ensure All the ESP, Bag filter Refer Point no. 2
proper functioning of pollution control and pollution control
devices and requested WBPCB to keep measures are in place
close vigil on the erring industries of and also adequate
the area in this regard. control measures are
designed to cater the
need of pollution
control. Monthly,
Quarterly and Annual
reports are always
being submitted to
WBPCB in time.
5c They also welcomed the idea of Noted. Refer Point no. 1
formation of a monitoring committee
to look after the proper
implementation of CSR commitments.
6a Sri Barun Paul and Smt. Kakoli of Thank you. -----
ward no.9 of DMC and Sri Soumen
Ghosh of J.C.Bose, Newtown
welcomed the project since it will
contribute towards overall
development of the neighboring area.

Chapter-7
Additional Studies
6b They requested the PP to implement Noted. The CSR activities under the following
their CSR activities in order to ensure heads are carried out by Ms NSPCL in the
development of the relatively surrounding villages.
undeveloped local slums and village
areas.  Education to Children
 Health and Family Welfare
 Women Empowerment
 Infrastructural Facility
 Aids for special Challenged
people
 Promotion of sports and &
Cultural activities
6c They further requested the WBPCB to Noted. Refer Point no. 2
keep a strong vigil on the industries of
the area to provide a pollution free
environment to the local residents.
7 Sri Manas Mukherjee of ward no.9 of NSPCL is a power A request will be made to electrification
DMC requested the PP to arrange for generating company. board and municipal corporation as part
electrification of local slums through The CSR activities of CSR initiative for electrification of local
their CSR activities. shall be executed as slum
per company norms.
7.2 Risk Assessment Studies
7.2.1 Introduction
Hazard analysis involves the identification and quantification of the various

hazards (unsafe conditions) that exist in the proposed power plant operations. On
the other hand, risk analysis deals with the recognition and computation of risks,
the equipment in the plant and personnel are prone to, due to accidents resulting
from the hazards present in the plant.
Risk analysis follows an extensive hazard analysis. It involves the identification and
assessment of risks the neighboring populations are exposed to as a result of
hazards present. This requires a thorough knowledge of failure probability, credible
accident scenario, vulnerability of population etc. Much of this information is difficult
to get or generate. Consequently, the risk analysis is often confined to maximum
credible accident studies.
In the sections below, the identification of various hazards, probable risks in the
proposed power plant, maximum credible accident analysis, consequence analysis
are addressed which gives a broad identification of risks involved in the plant. The
Disaster Management Plan (DMP) has been presented.
7.2.2 Approach to the Study
Risk involves the occurrence or potential occurrence of some accidents consisting of

an event or sequence of events. The risk assessment study covers the following:
 Identification of potential hazard areas;

 Identification of representative failure cases;
 Visualization of the resulting scenarios in terms of fire (thermal radiation) and
explosion;

Chapter-7
Additional Studies
 Assess the overall damage potential of the identified hazardous events and the
impact zones from the accidental scenarios;
 Assess the overall suitability of the site from hazard minimization and disaster
mitigation point of view;
 Furnish specific recommendations on the minimization of the worst accident
possibilities; and
 Preparation of broad Disaster Management Plan (DMP), On-site and Off-site
Emergency Plan, which includes Occupational and Health Safety Plan.
7.3 Hazard Identification
Identification of hazards in the proposed power plant is of primary significance in the

analysis, quantification and cost effective control of accidents involving chemicals
and process. A classical definition of hazard states that hazard is in fact the
characteristic of system/plant/process that presents potential for an accident.
Hence, all the components of a system/plant/process need to be thoroughly
examined to assess their potential for initiating or propagating an unplanned
event/sequence of events, which can be termed as accident. The following two
methods for hazard identification have been employed in the study:
 Identification of major hazardous units based on Manufacture, Storage and

Import of Hazardous Chemicals Rules, 1989 of Government of India (GOI Rules,
1989); and
 Identification of hazardous units and segments of plants and storage units based
on relative ranking technique, viz. Fire-Explosion and Toxicity Index (FE&TI).
7.3.1 Classification of Major Hazardous Units
Hazardous substances may be classified into three main classes; namely flammable
substances, unstable substances and toxic substances. The ratings for a large
number of chemicals based on flammability, reactivity and toxicity have been given
in NFPA Codes 49 and 345 M. The major hazardous materials to be stored,
transported, handled and utilized within the facility have been summarized in the
Table-7.2. The fuel storage details and properties are given in Table-7.3 and
Table-7.4 respectively.
TABLE-7.2
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS PROPOSED TO BE STORED/TRANSPORTED
Materials Hazardous Properties

LDO UN 1203. Dangerous Goods class 3 – Flammable Liquid
TABLE-7.3
CATEGORY WISE SCHEDULE OF STORAGE TANKS
Sr. No. Material No. of Design Capacity Classification

Tanks (KL)
1 LDO 1 10 Non-dangerous Petroleum

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Additional Studies
TABLE-7.4
PROPERTIES OF FUELS USED IN THE PLANT
Chemical Codes/Label TLV FBP MP FP UEL LEL

°c %
LDO Flammable 5 mg/m3 400 - 98 7.5 0.6
TLV : Threshold Limit Value FBP : Final Boiling Point

MP : Melting Point FP : Flash Point
UEL : Upper Explosive Limit LEL : Lower Explosive Limit
7.3.2 Identification of Major Hazard Installations Based on GOI Rules, 1989

Following accidents in the chemical industry in India over a few decades, a specific
legislation covering major hazard activities has been enforced by Govt. of India in
1989 in conjunction with Environment Protection Act, 1986. This is referred here as
GOI Rules 1989. For the purpose of identifying major hazard installations the rules
employ certain criteria based on toxic, flammable and explosive properties of
chemicals.
A systematic analysis of the fuels/chemicals and their quantities of storage has been
carried out, to determine threshold quantities as notified by GOI Rules, 1989 and
the applicable rules are identified. Applicability of storage rules are summarized in
Table-7.5.
TABLE-7.5
APPLICABILITY OF GOI RULES TO FUEL/CHEMICAL STORAGE
Sr. Chemical/ Fuel Listed in Total Threshold Quantity (T) for

No. Schedule Quantity Application of Rules
(KL) 5,7-9,13-15 10-12
1 LDO 3(1) 10 25 MT 200 MT
7.4 Hazard Assessment and Evaluation
7.4.1 Methodology
An assessment of the conceptual design is conducted for the purpose of identifying

and examining hazards related to feed stock materials, major process components,
utility and support systems, environmental factors, proposed operations, facilities,
and safeguards.
7.4.2 Preliminary Hazard Analysis (PHA)

The process and the materials to be used at thermal power station the following
can be considered as major plant sections.
Thermal Plant
 Coal Handling Plant;

 Main Plant (Boiler, Turbo Generator etc.);
 Water treatment Plant;
 Hydrogen gas filing station/Turbo –Generator coolers;
 Switch Yard including sub-stations;
Chapter-7
Additional Studies
 Fuel oil handling plant;

 Anhydrous Ammonia;
 Cable Galleries; and
 Stores where hazardous, flammable and explosive materials are stored.
Identification of Major Hazard Potential at NSPCL-Durgapur
The nature of hazards that can occur at the thermal power plants of NSPCL-
Durgapur may be broadly classified in to two categories i.e. Natural and Man-
Made Hazards (Chemical Hazards).These are detailed below.
Natural Hazards
a. Earthquake;
b. Lighting Strike;
c. Dust Strom/Cyclone; and
d. Flash Floods.
Major Chemical Hazards that can cause Emergency
a. Slow isolated fire;

b. Fast spreading fires;
c. Explosions;
d. Bursting of pipelines vessels;
e. Uncontrolled release of toxic/corrosive/flammable gases/dusts;
f. Uncontrolled release of topic / flammable liquid;
g. Floods; and
h. Earth Quake.
Each of the above may constitute an emergency but it depends on their nature,
scale and speed end impact on environment.
Fire Hazard
a. In coal handling plant and at conveyors;

b. Fuel oil handling area and oil tank in main plant;
c. Cables in galleries, and on trays in all plant sections;
d. Transformer oil; and
e. Burners area in boilers.
Explosion Hazard
a. Turbo generator where hydrogen is used for cooling T.G;

b. Transformer (oil cooled);
c. Boiler (coal / on fired); and
d. Coal dust in mills and boilers.
Bursting of Pipelines / Vessels
a. Steam pipes due to high pressure;

b. Water pipe due to high pressure; and
c. Compressor Air Receiver.

Chapter-7
Additional Studies
Release of Gases and Dust
a. Hydrogen in turbo generator area of main plant;

b. Pulverized coal dust from mills and associated piping.
Release of Liquids
a. Fuel oil tanks in fuel oil handling section and Diesel tanks area;
b. Chemical tanks in water treatment plant; and
c. Ash dyke (bund failure).
Floods
Breach of ash Dykes
No Smoking Zones
 Fuel oil Handling Plant and Main Oil Tank areas in Main Plant;
 CHP Conveyor & Crusher House;
 Store Sheds / Cable storage areas/ Cable galleries;
 Hydrogen Filling station/storage area;
 Switch Gear rooms/ MCC rooms;
 AVR Rooms;
 Battery Rooms;
 NR Relay Room; and
 Control Rooms.
A preliminary hazard analysis is carried out initially to identify the major hazards
associated with storages and the processes of the plant. This is followed by
consequence analysis to quantify these hazards. Finally, the vulnerable zones are
plotted for which risk reducing measures are deduced and implemented. Preliminary
hazard analysis for fuel storage area and whole plant is given in Table-7.6. and
Table-7.7.
TABLE-7.6
PRELIMINARY HAZARD ANALYSIS FOR STORAGE AREAS
Unit Capacity (KL) Hazard Identified

LDO 1x10 Fire/Explosion
TABLE-7.7
PRELIMINARY HAZARD ANALYSIS FOR THE WHOLE PLANT IN GENERAL
PHA Description of Recommendation Provision

Category Plausible
Hazard
Environ- If there is any -- All electrical fittings and
mental leakage and cables are provided as per
factors eventuality of the specified standards.
source of All motor starters are
ignition. flame proof.
Environ- Highly A well designed fire Fire extinguisher of small

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Additional Studies
PHA Description of Recommendation Provision

Category Plausible
Hazard
mental inflammable protection including size and big size are
factors nature of the foam, dry powder, and provided at all potential
liquid fuels may CO2 extinguisher should fire hazard places. In
cause fire hazard be provided. addition to the above, fire
in the storage hydrant network is also
facility. provided.
7.4.3 Fire Explosion and Toxicity Index (FE&TI) Approach
Fire, Explosion and Toxicity Indexing (FE & TI) is a rapid ranking method for
identifying the degree of hazard. The application of FE & TI would help to make a
quick assessment of the nature and quantification of the hazard in these areas.
However, this does not provide precise information.
The degree of hazard potential is identified based on the numerical value of F&EI as
per the criteria given below:
Sr. No. F&EI Range Degree of Hazard

1 0-60 Light
2 61-96 Moderate
3 97-127 Intermediate
4 128-158 Heavy
5 159 and above Severe
By comparing the indices F&EI and TI, the unit in question is classified into one of
the following three categories established for the purpose (Table-7.8).
TABLE-7.8
FIRE EXPLOSION AND TOXICITY INDEX
Category Fire and Explosion Index (F&EI) Toxicity Index (TI)
I F&EI < 65 TI < 6
II 65 < or = F&EI < 95 6 < or = TI < 10
III F&EI > or = 95 TI > or = 10
Certain basic minimum preventive and protective measures are recommended for
the three hazard categories.
7.4.3.1 Results of FE and TI for Storage/Process Units
Based on the GOI Rules 1989, the hazardous fuels used by the proposed power
plant were identified. Fire and Explosion are the likely hazards, which may occur due
to the fuel storage. Hence, Fire and Explosion index has been calculated for in plant
storage. Estimates of FE&TI are given in Table-7.9.
TABLE-7.9
FIRE EXPLOSION AND TOXICITY INDEX
Sr. No. Chemical/ Total Capacity F&EI Category TI Category

Fuel (KL)
1 LDO 1x10 2.6 Light Nil -
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Additional Studies
7.4.4 Conclusion
Results of FE&TI analysis show that the storage of LDO falls into Light category of
fire and explosion index with a Nil toxicity index.
7.4.5 Maximum Credible Accident Analysis (MCAA)
Hazardous substances may be released as a result of failures or catastrophes,

causing possible damage to the surrounding area. This section deals with the
question of how the consequences of the release of such substances and the
damage to the surrounding area can be determined by means of models. Major
hazards posed by flammable storage can be identified taking recourse to MCA
analysis. MCA analysis encompasses certain techniques to identify the hazards and
calculate the consequent effects in terms of damage distances of heat radiation,
toxic releases, vapour cloud explosion etc. A host of probable or potential accidents
of the major units in the complex arising due to use, storage and handling of the
hazardous materials are examined to establish their credibility. Depending upon the
effective hazardous attributes and their impact on the event, the maximum effect
on the surrounding environment and the respective damage caused can be
assessed. The reason and purpose of consequence analysis are many folds like:
 Part of risk assessment;

 Plant layout/code requirements;
 Protection of other plants;
 Protection of the public;
 Emergency planning; and
 Design criteria.
The results of consequence analysis are useful for getting information about all
known and unknown effects that are of importance when some failure scenario
occurs in the plant and also to get information as how to deal with the possible
catastrophic events. It also gives the workers in the plant and people living in the
vicinity of the area, an understanding of their personal situation.
 Selected Failure Cases
The purpose of this listing (refer Table-7.10) is to examine consequences of such

failure individually or in combination. It will be seen from the list that a vast range
of failure cases have been identified. The frequency of occurrence of failure also
varies widely.
7.4.5.1 Damage Criteria

The fuel storage and unloading at the storage facility may lead to fire and explosion
hazards. The damage criteria due to an accidental release of any hydrocarbon arise
from fire and explosion. The vapors of these fuels are not toxic and hence no effects
of toxicity are expected.
Tank fire would occur if the radiation intensity is high on the peripheral surface of
the tank leading to increase in internal tank pressure. Pool fire would occur when
fuels collected in the dyke due to leakage gets ignited.

Chapter-7
Additional Studies
 Fire Damage
A flammable liquid in a pool will burn with a large turbulent diffusion flame. This
releases heat based on the heat of combustion and the burning rate of the liquid. A
part of the heat is radiated while the rest is convected away by rising hot air and
combustion products. The radiations can heat the contents of a nearby storage or
process unit to above its ignition temperature and thus result in a spread of fire.
The radiations can also cause severe burns or fatalities of workers or fire fighters
located within a certain distance. Hence, it will be important to know beforehand the
damage potential of a flammable liquid pool likely to be created due to leakage or
catastrophic failure of a storage or process vessel. This will help to decide the
location of other storage/process vessels, decide the type of protective clothing the
workers/fire fighters, the duration of time for which they can be in the zone, the fire
extinguishing measures needed and the protection methods needed for the nearby
storage/process vessels. The damage effect on equipment and people due to
thermal radiation intensity is given in Table-7.10. Similarly, the effect of incident
radiation intensity and exposure time on lethality is given in Table-7.11.
TABLE-7.10
DAMAGE DUE TO INCIDENT RADIATION INTENSITIES
Sr. Incident Type of Damage Intensity
No. Radiation Damage to Equipment Damage to People
(kW/m2)
1 37.5 Damage to process equipment 100% lethality in 1 min.,
1% lethality in 10 sec.
2 25.0 Minimum energy required to ignite 100% Lethality in 1 min.,
wood at indefinitely long exposure Significant injury in 10 sec.
without a flame
3 12.5 Minimum energy required for 1% lethality in 1 min.
piloted ignition of wood, melting First degree burns in 10 sec
plastic tubing
4 4.0 -- Causes pain if duration is longer than
20 sec, however blistering is un-likely
(First degree burns)
5 1.6 -- Causes no discomfort on long
exposures
Source: Techniques for Assessing Industrial Hazards by World Bank
TABLE-7.11
RADIATION EXPOSURE AND LETHALITY
All values are given in KW/m2
Radiation Intensity Exposure Time Lethality (%) Degree of Burns
(KW/m2) (seconds)
1.6 -- 0 No Discomfort even
after long exposure
4.5 20 0 1st
4.5 50 0 1st
8.0 20 0 1st
8.0 50 <1 3rd
8.0 60 <1 3rd
12.0 20 <1 2nd
12.0 50 8 3rd
12.5 Inst 10 --
25.0 Inst 50 --
37.5 Inst 100 --
Chapter-7
Additional Studies
7.4.6 Scenarios Considered for MCA Analysis
7.4.6.1 Fuel Storage
The details of storages in the proposed power plant are given Table-7.2 above. In
case of fuel released in the area catching fire, a steady state fire will occur. Failures
in pipeline may occur due to corrosion and mechanical defect. Failure of pipeline due
to external interference is not considered as this area is licensed area and all the
work within this area is closely supervised with trained personnel.
7.4.6.2 Modeling Scenarios
Based on the storage and consumption of various fuels the following failure
scenarios for the proposed power plant have been identified for MCA analysis and
the scenarios are discussed in Table-7.12. The fuel properties considered in
modeling are given in Table-7.13.
TABLE-7.12
SCENARIOS CONSIDERED FOR MCA ANALYSIS
Sr. Fuel/Chemical Total Quantity Scenarios considered

No.
1 Failure of LDO tanks 1x10 Pool fire
TABLE-7.13
PROPERTIES OF FUELS CONSIDERED FOR MODELING
Sr. Fuel Molecular weight Boiling Point Density

No. (kg/kg mol) (C) (kg/m3)
1 LDO 114.24 400 880
7.4.7 Pool Fire Models used for MCA Analysis
Heat Radiation program ‘RADN’ has been used to estimate the steady state
radiation effect from storage of fuel at different distances. The model is based on
the equations compiled from various literatures by Prof.J.P.Gupta, Department of
Chemical Engineering, IIT Kanpur.
7.4.8 Results and Discussion
The results of MCA analysis are tabulated indicating the distances for various
damages identified by the damage criteria, as explained earlier. Calculations are
done for radiation intensities levels of 37.5, 25, 12.5, 4.5 and 1.6-kW/m2, which are
presented in Table-7.14 for different scenarios. The distances computed for various
scenarios are from the center of the pool fire.

Chapter-7
Additional Studies
TABLE-7.14
OCCURRENCE OF VARIOUS RADIATION INTENSITIES- POOL FIRE
Radiation and Effect Radiation Intensities (kW/m2)/

Distances (m)
37.5 25.0 19.0 12.5 4.5 1.6
Failure of one LDO tanks of 10 KL 2.9 3.7 4.3 5.4 9.7 17.6
 Pool Fire Due to Failure of LDO Storage Tanks (Figure-7.2)
The maximum capacity of storage of LDO tank will be 10 KL. The most credible
failure is the rupture of the largest pipe connecting to the storage tank. As the
worst case, it is assumed that the entire contents leak out into the dyke forming
a pool, which may catch fire on finding a source of ignition.
A perusal of the above table clearly indicates that 37.5 kW/m2 (100% lethality)
occurs within the radius of the pool which is computed at 2.9 m tank on pool fire.
This vulnerable zone will damage all fuel storage equipment falling within the pool
radius.
Similarly, the threshold limit for first degree burns is 1.6 kW/m2, this vulnerable
zone in which the thermal fluxes above the threshold limit for first degree is
restricted to 17.6 m in case tank on pool fire.
7.4.9 Conclusions on MCA analysis
 LDO Tank Farm
There will be one LDO storage tanks each of 10 KL capacity will be provided in the
LDO tank farm. The results of MCA analysis indicate that the maximum damage
distances for 12.5-Kw/m2 thermal radiations extends up to 5.4 m in the case of
10 KL on fire during worst meteorological conditions. As the fire resistant dyke
walls will be created, no cumulative effect of one tank farm on fire to create fire
on other tank farm is envisaged. The damage contours for tank on fire of two LDO
tanks is shown in Figure-7.2.
7.4.10 Coal Handling Plant - Dust Explosion
Coal dust when dispersed in air and ignited would explode. Crusher house and
conveyor systems are most susceptible to this hazard. To be explosive, the dust
mixture should have:
 Particles dispersed in the air with minimum size (typical figure is 400
microns);
 Dust concentrations must be reasonably uniform; and
 Minimum explosive concentration for coal dust (33% volatiles) is 50 gm/m 3.
Failure of dust extraction and suppression systems may lead to abnormal

conditions and may increase the concentration of coal dust to the explosive limits.
Sources of ignition present are incandescent bulbs with the glasses of bulkhead
fittings missing, electric equipment and cables, friction, spontaneous combustion
in accumulated dust.

Chapter-7
Additional Studies
Dust explosions may occur without any warnings with Maximum Explosion
Pressure upto 6.4 bar. Another dangerous characteristic of dust explosions is that
it sets off secondary explosions after the occurrence of the initial dust explosion.
Many a times the secondary explosions are more damaging than primary ones.
The dust explosions are powerful enough to destroy structures, kill or injure
people and set dangerous fires likely to damage a large portion of the Coal
Handling Plant including collapse of its steel structure which may cripple the
lifeline of the power plant.
Stockpile areas shall be provided with automatic garden type sprinklers for dust
suppression as well as to reduce spontaneous ignition of the coal stockpiles.
Necessary water distribution network for drinking and service water with pumps,
piping, tanks, valves etc will be provided for distributing water at all transfer
points, crusher house, control rooms etc.
A centralized control room with microprocessor based control system (PLC) has
been envisaged for operation of the coal handling plant. Except for locally
controlled equipment like traveling tripper, dust extraction/ dust suppression /
ventilation equipment, sump pumps, water distribution system etc, all other in-
line equipment will be controlled from the central control room but will have
provision for local control as well. All necessary interlocks, control panels, MCC’s,
mimic diagrams etc will be provided for safe and reliable operation of the coal
handling plant.
7.4.10.1 Control Measures for Coal Yards
The total quantity of coal shall be stored in separate stockpiles, with proper drains
around to collect washouts during monsoon season.
Water sprinkling system shall be installed on stocks of coal in required scales to

prevent spontaneous combustion and consequent fire hazards. The stock
geometry shall be adopted to maintain minimum exposure of stock pile areas
towards predominant wind direction.
7.4.11 Identification of Hazards
The various hazards associated, with the plant process apart from fuel storage have
been identified and are outlined in Table-7.15.
TABLE-7.15
HAZARD ANALYSIS FOR PROCESS IN POWER PLANT
Sr. No. Blocks/Areas Hazards Identified

1 Coal storage in open yard Fire, Spontaneous Combustion
2 Coal Handling Plant including Fire and/or Dust Explosions
Bunker area
3 Boilers Fire (mainly near oil burners), Steam Explosions,
Fuel Explosions
4 Steam Turbine Generator Fires in –
Buildings a) Lube oil system
b) Cable galleries
c) Short circuits in:

Chapter-7
Additional Studies
Sr. No. Blocks/Areas Hazards Identified

i)Control rooms
ii) Switch-gears
Explosion due to leakage of Hydrogen and fire

following it.
5 Switch-yard Control Room Fire in cable galleries and Switch-gear/Control Room
6 LDO Tank Farms Fire
HFO Tank Farm
7.4.12 Hazardous Events with Greatest Contribution to Fatality Risk
The hazardous event scenarios likely to make the greatest contribution to the risk
of potential fatalities are summarized in Table-7.16. ‘Onsite facility’ refers to the
operating site at plant site, whereas ‘offsite facility’ refers to transport and
handling systems, which are away from the operating site.
TABLE-7.16
HAZARDOUS EVENTS CONTRIBUTING TO RISK AT ON-SITE FACILITY
Hazardous Event Risk Rank Consequences of Interest

Onsite vehicle impact on 3 Potential for single fatalities, onsite impact only
personnel
Entrapment/struck by 3 Potential for single fatalities, onsite impact only
Machinery
Fall from heights 3 Potential for single fatalities, onsite impact only
Electrocution 3 Potential for single fatalities, onsite impact only
Storage tank rupture and fire 3 Potential for multiple fatalities, onsite impact
only
7.4.13 Risk Assessment Summary
The preliminary risk assessment has been completed for the proposed power
plant and associated facilities and the broad conclusions are as follows:
 There will be no significant community impacts or environmental damage

consequences; and
 The hazardous event scenarios and risks in general at this facility can be
adequately managed to acceptable levels by performing the recommended
safety studies as part of detailed design, applying recommended control
strategies and implementing a Safety Management System.

E 8200
E 8300
E 8400
E 8500
E 8600
E 8100
N 19800 Chapter-7
Additional Studies
N 19700
N 19600
N 19500
E 8000
E 7200
E 7300
E 7400
E 7500
E 7600
E 7700
E 7800
E 7900
ARY
N 19400
UND
BO 2
DSP
N 19300
N 19200
0
149.0
N 19100 N 198120.00
E
11
20
4
5 8
N 19000
14 26
2 3 6
1 27
13 7 30
25
19
19 17 12
15
18
N 18900 16 29
N 18800
96.00
N 1878828.00 N 19002.00
N 18700 E E 8173.00
N 18600
FIGURE-7.2
DAMAGE CONTOUR FOR LDO TANK (1x10 KL) ON FIRE

Chapter-7
Additional Studies
7.4.14 Risk Reduction Opportunities
The following opportunities shall be considered as a potential means of reducing

identified risks during the detailed design phase:
 Buildings and plant structures shall be designed for cyclone floods and seismic
events to prevent structural collapse and integrity of weather (water) proofing
for storage of dangerous goods;
 Provision for adequate water capacity to supply fire protection systems and
critical process water;
 Isolate people from load carrying/mechanical handling systems, vehicle traffic

and storage and stacking locations;
 Installation of fit-for-purpose access ways and fall protection systems to

facilitate safe access to fixed and mobile plant;
 Provision and integrity of process tanks, waste holding tanks and bunded
areas as per relevant standards;
 Containment of hazardous materials;
 Security of facility to prevent unauthorized access to plant, introduction of

prohibited items and control of onsite traffic; and
 Development of emergency response management systems commensurate

with site specific hazards and risks (fire, explosion, rescue and first aid).
7.5 Disaster Management Plan

7.5.1 Disasters
A disaster is a catastrophic situation in which suddenly, people are plunged into

helplessness and suffering and, as a result, need protection, clothing, shelter,
medical and social care and other necessities of life.
Disasters can be divided into two main groups. In the first, are disasters resulting
from natural phenomena like earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, storm surges,
cyclones, tropical storms, floods, avalanches, landslides, forest fires. The second
group includes disastrous events occasioned by man, or by man's impact upon the
environment. Examples are armed conflict, industrial accidents, radiation accidents,
factory fires, explosions and escape of toxic gases or chemical substances, river
pollution, mining or other structural collapses, air, sea, rail and road transport
accidents which can reach catastrophic dimensions in terms of human loss.
There can be no set criteria for assessing the gravity of a disaster in the abstract
since this depends to a large extent on the physical, economic and social
environment in which it occurs. What would be consider a major disaster in a
developing country, ill equipped to cope with the problems involved, may not mean
more than a temporary emergency elsewhere. However, all disasters bring in their
wake similar consequences that call for immediate action, whether at the local,
national or international level, for the rescue and relief of the victims. This includes

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the search for the dead and injured, medical and social care, removal of the debris,
the provision of temporary shelter for the homeless, food, clothing and medical
supplies, and the rapid re-establishment of essential services.
7.5.2 Objectives of Disaster Management Plan [DMP]
The Disaster Management Plan is aimed to ensure safety of life, protection of

environment, protection of installation, restoration of production and salvage
operations in this same order of priorities. For effective implementation of the
Disaster Management Plan, it should be widely circulated and personnel trained
through rehearsals/drills.
The Disaster Management Plan should reflect the probable consequential severalties
of the undesired event due to deteriorating conditions or through 'Knock on' effects.
Further the management should be able to demonstrate that their assessment of
the consequences uses good supporting evidence and is based on currently
available and reliable information, incident data from internal and external sources
and if necessary the reports of out side agencies.
To tackle the consequences of a major emergency inside the plant or in the

immediate vicinity of the plant, a Disaster Management Plan has to be formulated.
The objective of the Industrial Disaster Management Plan is to make use of the
combined resources of the plant and the outside services to achieve the following:
 Effect the rescue and medical treatment of casualties;

 Safeguard other people;
 Minimize damage to property and the environment;
 Initially contain and ultimately bring the incident under control;
 Identify any dead;
 Provide for the needs of relatives;
 Provide authoritative information to the news media;
 Secure the safe rehabilitation of affected area; and
 Preserve relevant records and equipment for the subsequent inquiry into the
cause and circumstances of the Emergency.
In effect, it is to optimize operational efficiency to rescue, rehabilitate and render

medical help and to restore normalcy.
7.5.3 Emergencies
For effective control and management of an emergency; an action plan and

organization hierarchy is prepared along with responsibilities. Action plan for
emergency management and critical incident recovery plan consists of following
factors:
 Responsibility of employees about first information;

 Responsibility of Chief Incident Controller (CIC);
 Responsibility of Works Incident Controller (WIC);
 Responsibilities of various teams constituted to deal with specific emergency
requirements; and
 Responsibility of CIC for “All Clear” Signal.

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Responsibility of Chief Incident Controller
The General Manager ,or Occupier who is designated as the Chief Incident
Controller, on receipt of information regarding the emergency inside the plant
premises will go to the Emergency Control Centre and will assume overall
responsibility for the factory/Storage site and its personnel. His responsibilities will
include:
1. Declaration of “Major Emergency” if he is satisfied that incident cannot be

controlled with routine operations. If he decides that a major emergency exits of is
likely, he should ensure that the emergency services have been called and that off-
site plan activated.
2. Depending on the circumstances, he should then;
 Ensure that the key personnel are called in;

 Exercise direct operational control of those parts of the works outside the
affected area;
 Continually review and asses possible developments to determine the most
probable course of events;
 Direct the shutting down of plants and their evacuation in consultation with
the Incident Controller and key personnel;
 Ensure that casualties are receiving adequate attention. Arrange for additional
help if required. Ensure that relatives are informed;
 In case of emergencies which involve risk to outside areas from windblown
materials, contact the local meteorological office to receive early notification
of impending changes in weather conditions;
 Liaison with chief officer of the fire & police service and with the Health and
Safety executive; provide advice on possible effects on areas outside the
works; ensure the personnel are accounted for;
 Control traffic movement within works;
 Arrange for book of the emergency to be maintained.
 Where the emergency is prolonged, arrange for the relief of site personnel
and the provision of catering facilities;
 Issue authorized statement to the news media;
3 Assessment of the magnitude of the situation and to decide whether the

employees are to be evacuated from the assembly points to identified shelter
place.
4 Assessment of the magnitude of the situation and to decide whether the

employees are to be evacuated from the assembly points to identified shelter
place.
5 To consult and liaise with senior officials of the government like fire brigade,
police, medical and the factories inspector through appropriate team leaders and
on the basis of the recommendation of team leaders provide advice to authorities
on possible harmful effects to neighboring population, staying outside the factory
premises. The overall action will be under the leadership of district
administration.

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6 To inform CEO about the details of the disaster and arrangement made by him to
prevent loss of lives/property.
7 To look after rehabilitation of affected persons on discontinuation of emergency.
8 To issues authority statement to news media and ensure evidence is preserved

for enquiry to be conduct by the statutory authorities.
9 The corporate office assistance shall be sought as and when required depending
upon the severity of the situation.
Responsibility of Work Incident Controller
The Additional General Manager and Factory Manager designed as the Work
Incident Controller on knowing about disaster, will immediately rush to the
incident site with appropriate safety measures.
1. As soon as he has been made aware of an incident the works incident

controller should asses its scale against predetermine criteria or emergency
reference levels, and decide whether a major emergency exists or is likely, if
so he should immediately activate the on-site plan and if necessary the off-
site emergency plan. He will also inform the CIC.
2. He should assume the duty of the Chief Incident Controller pending the
latter’s arrival, in particular to:
 Ensure the emergency service have been called;

 Direct the shutting down and evacuation of the other plant areas, etc.,
likely to be affected;
 Ensure key personnel have been summoned.
3 His main function, however is to direct all operation at the scene of the
incident, e.g.
 Rescue and firefighting operations, until the arrival of the fire brigade,
when he should hand over Control to a senior fire officer,
 Search for casualties;
 Evacuation of non-essential workers to assembly areas.
4 He should also:
 Set-up communication points and establishes continuous contact with

Emergency Control Centre (i.e. UCR) to failure of electric supply and
thereby public address System (PAS) and internal telephones.
 Give advice and information as requested to the emergency services;
 Brief the Chief Incident Controller and keep him informed of
developments.
 Issue instructions to shut down all operations within affected area taking
into consideration priorities for safety of personnel, minimum damage to
the plant, property and the environment.
 Provide advice and information to the fire and security personnel in
consultation with concerned officials.
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 Ensure that all non-essential workers/staff and security of the affected

area have been evacuated to the safer places.
5 Reports all significant and development to CIC.
6 Will take action to preserve the evidence for the further enquiry into the
cause and circumstances which caused or escalated the emergeny.
First Information
The first person who observe /identifies the hazardous incident shall inform by
shouting and going /running to nearest telephone (but while doing so, he will ensure
that he is not entering into area of hazards) and he will telephone to following in
terms of priority:
To whom Intercom phone no. Landline (Off.)

Fire Station DSP 41000,41333 & 40333 0343-2583683
Security Gate No. -1 400 0343-2549814
NSPCL(Main gate)
Shift In-Charge 415 & 416 0343-2583496
0343-2005405
Further Responsibility for Communication of Disaster
The controller of the UCR shall immediately inform the disaster to
To whom Intercom phone no. Landline(off) Landline/Mobile(Res.)

AGM- Fire Services (DSP) 41000,41333 & 40333 0343-2583683 9434792038
A.C. -CISF 400 0343-2549814 9434531847
General Manager 101 0343-2574308 0343-2575691
9434713738
Safety officials 407 0343-2549810 9434080470
(Ext.) – 407
Making the Emergency Known inside the Plant

 The major emergency will be made known to everyone inside the plant by
sounding and /resounding the siren;
 Separate alarms to warn of different types of major emergency such as
fire/Collapse of structure or toxic gas release are provide. Same alarm can be
used with different numbers of times as described here below; and
 Public Address System is also available throughout the plant at every location. It
may also be used for this purpose.
7.5.3.1 General Industrial Emergencies
The emergencies that could be envisaged in the plant and fuel storage are as
follows:
 A situation of fire at the hydrogen plant;

 A situation of fire at the tank farm of all storages;
 Slow isolated fires;
 Fast spreading fires;
 Structural failures;
 Contamination of food/water; and
 Sabotage/Social disorder.
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7.5.3.2 Specific Emergencies Anticipated
 Fire and Explosion
Fire consequences can be disastrous, since they involve huge quantities of fuel
either stored or in dynamic inventory in pipelines or in nearby areas. Preliminary
hazard analysis has provided a basis for consequence estimation. Estimation can be
made by using various pool fire, tank fire consequence calculations. During the
study of risk assessment, the nature of damages is worked out and probability of
occurrence of such hazards is also drawn up.
7.5.4 Emergency Organization
It is recommended to setup an Emergency Organization. A senior executive who has

control over the affairs of the plant should lead the Emergency Organization. He
shall be designated as Site Controller. General Manager [O & M] can be designated
as the Incident Controller. In the case of stores, utilities, open areas, which are not
under the control of the Production Heads, Senior Executive responsible for
maintenance of utilities would be designated as Incident Controller. All the Incident
Controllers would be reporting to the Site Controller.
Each Incident Controller, for himself, organizes a team responsible for controlling
the incidence with the personnel under his control. Shift-in-charge would be the
reporting officer, who would bring the incidence to the notice of the Incidence
Controller and Site Controller.
Emergency Co-ordinators would be appointed who would undertake the

responsibilities like firefighting, rescue, rehabilitation, transport and provide
essential and support services. For this purposes, Security In-charge, Personnel
Department, Essential services personnel should be engaged. All these personnel
would be designated as Key personnel.
In each shift, electrical supervisor, electrical fitters, pump house in-charge, and
other maintenance staff would be drafted for emergency operations. In the event of
power or communication system failure, some of staff members in the office/plant
offices would be drafted and their services would be utilized as messengers for quick
passing of communications. All these personnel would be declared as essential
personnel.
7.5.4.1 Emergency Communication
Whoever notices an emergency situation such as fire, growth of fire, leakage etc
should inform his immediate superior and Emergency Control Center. A place nearer
to the Gate House Complex shall be identified as Emergency Control Center. The
person on-duty in the Emergency Control Center should appraise the Site Controller.
Site Controller verifies the situation from the Incident Controller of that area or the
Shift In-charge and takes a decision about an impending On Site Emergency. This
would be communicated to all the Incident Controllers, Emergency Co-ordinators.
Simultaneously, the emergency warning system would be activated on the
instructions of the Site Controller.

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7.5.5 Emergency Responsibilities
Works Incident Controller and other works personnel will have the key role to play
in providing advice and in implementing the decisions made by the Chief Incident
Controller (CIC).The key Personnel include the following:
a. Sr. Super dent. , Manager, Engineer-In-Charge responsible
 Mechanical Maintenance;
 Electrical Maintenance;
 Control & Instruments; and
 Chemical.
b. Head of personnel and officer connected with Industrial Relation and welfare
 DGM (Tech. Services);

 Safety officer;
 Assistant Commandant (CISF);
 Support Team-I (For CIC); and
 Support Team-II (For WIC).
If necessary above personnel will decide the actions needed to shut down plants,
evacuate, personnel, Carryout emergency engineering works, arrange of supplies of
equipments, personnel etc., carryout atmosphere tests, provide catering facilities,
liaison with police, informing relatives of the victims, press media etc.
7.5.5.1 Essential Staff
For the plants immediately affected or likely to be affected as decided by the Chief
Incident Controller/Works Incident Controller, efforts will be made for stepwise shut
down of the plant and to make process units safe. This work will be carried out by
plant supervisors and essential operators provided. They can do the same without
exposing themselves to undue risk. The following employees will also be required
to help in the above works:
 Attendants;
 First Aid;
 Personnel for emergency engineering work such as for providing extra lighting
by passing of works etc;
 Personnel acting as runners in case are communication difficulties;
 Personnel for transporting equipments to the incident site from other parts of
the works; and
 Personnel for maintaining plant entrance, in liaison with police, to direct
emergency vehicles to control traffic leaving the plant and to turn away or
make alternate arrangement for visitors and other traffic arriving at the plant.
It is the responsibility of the Works Incident Controller (WIC) to identify the above
essential staff and from a Task Force, which will report at defined location so that
they can be readily contacted. It is also the responsibility of the Works Incident
Controller to remove all non-essential staff to assembly points.

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The teams along with their responsibilities and the list of their members constituted
to support CIC and WIC in effective management of an emergency situation are
detailed in the below sections.
7.5.5.2 Responsibilities of Emergency Team Members
Task Force Team
Team leader: D. Chattopadhyay
Responsibility
 To identify source of hazard and try to neutralize or contain it;

 To isolate remaining plant & keep that in safe condition;
 To organize safe shutdown of plant, if necessary;
 To organize all support services like operation of fire pump, sprinkler sys. Etc;
 Any other responsibility as decided by team leader, looking into the
circumstances at the time of the disaster.
Maintenance Team
Team Leader: Ashok Chaterjee
Responsibility
 Attend all emergency maintenance jobs on top priority;

 To take steps to contain or reduce the level of hazard created due to disaster.
 To organize additional facilities as desired.
 Any Other responsibility as decided by Team Leader, looking into the
circumstances at the time of the disaster
Security Team
Team Leader: S.K. Kundu
Responsibility
 Man all gates;

 To bar entry of unauthorized persons & non Essential staff;
 To permit with minimum delay the entry of authorized personnel and outside
agencies, vehicles etc. Who have comes to help;
 To allow the ambulance /evacuation vehicles etc. to go through the gates with
security escorts; and
Administrative Team Member
Team leader: G. Mitra

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Responsibility
 To deploy team members for evacuating personnel from assembly point;

 To rescue the causality on priority basis;
 To transport causalities to medical centre;
 To account the personnel;
 To help in search for missing personnel;
 To pass information to the kith & kin of fatal or serious injured persons; and
Safety Team
Team Leader: Tapan Nandi
Responsibility
 To arrange required safety equipment;

 To measure gas concentration in case of leakage at various places;
 To guide authorities on all safety related issues;
 To record accidents details;
 To collect and preserve evidence in connection with accident enquiries;
 To report accidents to statutory authorities and corporate centre; and
circumstances at the time of the disaster
Medical Team
Team Leader: Asit Das
Responsibility
 To arrange first aid material /stretchers immediately and reach;

 To site of incident along with one doctor and one paramedical staff;
 To arrange immediate medical attention;
 To arrange for sending the casualties to various hospitals and nursing homes
etc;
 To ask specific medical assistance from outside including specialists in
consultation With CIC/WIC; and
7.5.5.3 Support Team-I
The head of personnel department, the head of materials department and the head
of finance are the members of this team.
Head of Personnel
 Contact Statutory authorities;

 Arrange for relievers and catering facilities;
 Giving information to the media;
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 Arranging shelters for affected persons;

 Help media department in contacting medical centers and nurshing home;
 Proving all other support, as necessary; and
 Any other responsibility as given by CIC.
Head of Materials
 Arranging for urgently required materials through cash purchase or whatever

means;
Head of Finance
 Arranging fund for various relief measures as well as emergency purchase of

materials, sending his representative for emergency purchase.
7.5.5.4 Support Team-II
The team to WIC will consist of:
 Manager (Industrial Relation);

 Sr. Superintendent (Operation);
 Superintendent (Operation); and
 DGM (Electrical Maintenance).
This team will assist the WIC in manning communication and passing instruction
to the team or any other responsibility as given by WIC. The team may call any
and /or more persons depending upon the need.
7.5.5.5 Incident Controller
 Assembles the incident control team;

 Directs operations within the affected areas with the priorities for safety to
personnel minimize damage to the plant, property and environment and
minimize the loss of materials;
 Directs the shutting down and evacuation of plant and areas likely to be
adversely affected by the emergency;
 Ensures that key personnel help is sought;
 Provides advice and information to the Fire and Security Officer and the Local
Fire Services as and when they arrive;
 Ensures that all non-essential workers/staff of the affected areas are evacuated
to the appropriate assembly points, and the areas are searched for casualties;
 Has regard to the need for preservation of evidence so as to facilitate any
inquiry into the causes and circumstances, which caused or escalated the
emergency;
 Co-ordinates with emergency services at the site;
 Provides tools and safety equipment to the team members;
 Keeps in touch with the team and advices them regarding the method of control
to be used; and
 Keeps the Site Controller of Emergency informed of the progress being made.

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7.5.5.6 Emergency Coordinator - Rescue, Fire Fighting
 On knowing about emergency, rushes to ECC;

 Helps the Incident Controller in containment of the emergency;
 Ensure fire pumps are in operating condition and instructs pump house operator
to ready for any emergency with standby arrangement;
 Guides the fire fighting crew i.e. firemen, trained plant personnel and security
staff;
 Organizes shifting the fire fighting facilities to the emergency site, if required;
 Takes guidance of the Incident Controller for fire fighting as well as assesses the
requirements of outside help;
 Arranges to control the traffic at the gate and the incident area;
 Directs the security staff to the incident site to take part in the emergency
operations under his guidance and supervision;
 Evacuates the people in the plant or in the nearby areas as advised by Site
Controller;
 Searches for casualties and arranges proper aid for them;
 Assembles search and evacuation team;
 Arranges for safety equipment for the members of this team;
 Decides which paths the evacuated workers should follow; and
 Maintains law and order in the area, and if necessary seeks the help of police.
7.5.5.7 Emergency Coordinator-Medical, Mutual Aid, Rehabilitation, Transport and

Communication
 In the event of failure of electric supply and thereby internal telephone, sets up
communication point and establishes contact with the ECC;
 Organizes medical treatment to the injured and if necessary will shift the injured
to near by hospitals;
 Mobilizes extra medical help from outside, if necessary;
 Keeps a list of qualified first aid providers for the plant and seeks their
assistance;
 Maintains first aid and medical emergency requirements;
 Makes sure that all safety equipment is made available to the emergency team;
 Assists Site Controller with necessary data to coordinate the emergency
activities;
 Assists Site Controller in updating emergency plan, organizing mock drills,
verification of inventory of emergency facilities and furnishing report to Site
Controller;
 Maintains liaison with Civil Administration;
 Ensures availability of canteen facilities and maintenance of rehabilitation center.
 Liaises with Site Controller/Incident Controller;
 Ensures transportation facility;
 Ensures availability of necessary cash for rescue/rehabilitation and emergency
expenditure;
 Controls rehabilitation of affected areas on discontinuation of emergency; and
 Makes available diesel/petrol for transport vehicles engaged in emergency
operation.

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7.5.5.8 Emergency Coordinator - Essential Services
 Assists Site Controller and Incident Controller;

 Maintains essential services like Diesel Generator, Water, Fire Water,
Compressed Air/Instrument Air, power supply for lighting;
 Plans alternate facilities in the event of power failure, to maintain essential
services such as lighting, etc;
 Organizes separate electrical connections for all utilities and emergency services
so that in the event of emergency or fires, essential services and utilities are not
affected;
 Gives necessary instructions regarding emergency electrical supply, isolation of
certain sections etc. to shift in-charge and electricians; and
 Ensures availability of adequate quantities of protective equipment and other
emergency materials, spares etc.
7.5.5.9 General Responsibilities of Employees during an Emergency
During an emergency, which becomes more enhanced and pronounced when an

emergency warning is raised, the workers who are in-charge of process equipment
should adopt safe and emergency shut down and attend to any prescribed duty as
essential employee. If no such responsibility is assigned, he should adopt a safe
course to assembly point and await instructions. He should not resort to spreading
panic. On the other hand, he must assist emergency personnel towards meeting the
objectives of DMP.
7.5.6 Emergency Facilities
7.5.6.1 Emergency Control Center (ECC)
The following information and equipment are to be provided at the Emergency

Control Center (ECC).
 Intercom, telephone;
 P and T telephone;
 Self contained breathing apparatus;
 Fire suit/gas tight goggles/gloves/helmets;
 Hand tools, wind direction/velocities indications;
 Public address megaphone, hand bell, telephone directories (internal, P and T)
 Plant layout, site plan;
 Emergency lamp/torch light/batteries;
 Plan indicating locations of hazard inventories, plant control room, sources of
safety equipment, work road plan, assembly points, rescue location vulnerable
zones, escape routes;
 Hazard chart;
 Emergency shut-down procedures;
 Nominal roll of employees;
 List of key personnel, list of essential employees, list of Emergency
Coordinators;
 Duties of key
 personnel;

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 Address with telephone numbers and key personnel, emergency coordinator,

essential employees; and
 Important address and telephone numbers including Government agencies,
neighboring industries and sources of help, outside experts, fuel fact sheets and
population details around the factory.
7.5.6.2 Assembly Point
Number of assembly points, depending upon the plant location, would be identified
wherein employees who are not directly connected with the disaster management
would be assembled for safety and rescue. Emergency breathing apparatus,
minimum facilities like water etc would be organized.
In view of the size of plant, different locations would be ear marked as assembly
points. Depending upon the location of hazard, the assembly points are to be used.
7.5.6.3 Fire Fighting Facilities
Fire Detection System
a) Smoke Detector;
b) Temperature Detector; and
c) Gas Leakage Detector.
Fire Protection Systems
The plant protected against fire hazard by the following protection systems;
a) Fire hydrant System;
b) Sprinkler Systems for coal convey or belts and cable galleries;
c) Deluge water spray and emulsifier protection system for the transformer;
d) Fire alarm / detector system at various control room; and
e) Portable and mobile first aid fire extinguishers and Fire Tenders.
Fire Fighting Installation
Fire Pump House: Sump Capacity, Feeding Source by common FFS

Fire Pump Main Pump (Electrical) 2 Nos
Capacity 273 M3/ Hr. Discharge Pr. 7.5 Kg/cm2
Main pump (diesel) 2 Nos.
Jockey pump 1No.Capacity 11M3/ Hr. Discharge Pr. 7.7
Kg/cm2
Fire Hydrant System No. of Hydrant 102 Nos Discharge Pr. 7.00 Kg/cm2
Feeding from common cooling water channel
Water spray system Water spray system is provided for Cable galleries
Mulsifire System Mulsifire (high velocity water spray system) has been
provided for fire protection of Transformers.
Halon Local Application System Halon Local Application system has been provided
for fire protection of Cable galleries/control rooms
Fire Fighting Equipment Total 82 Nos
 CO2- 40 Nos.
 DP-13 Nos
 Foam-16 Nos
 Water-13 Nos

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Fire Fighting Appliance
Water Tender 6Nos Tank Capacity 2700 Ltrs

Foam Tender 2Nos. Water Tank Capacity 3200 Ltrs
Portable pump 1No
Breathing Apparatus Set 5 Nos
Fire Entry Shoes 2 Nos
High Expansion Foam (Generator/Extractor) 1No
7.5.6.4 Location of Wind Sock
Wind socks shall be installed at appropriate places in the plant to indicate direction
of wind for emergency escape.
7.5.6.5 Emergency Medical Facilities
Stretchers, gas masks and general first-aid materials for dealing with chemical
burns, fire burns etc would be maintained in the medical center as well as in the
emergency control room. Medical superintendent of the medical center will be the
head of the casualty services ward. Private medical practitioners help would be also
be sought. Government hospital would be approached for emergency help.
Apart from plant first aid facilities, external facilities would be augmented. Names of
Medical Personnel, Medical facilities in the area would be prepared and updated.
Necessary specific medicines for emergency treatment of Patient’s Burns would be
maintained.
Breathing apparatus and other emergency medical equipment would be provided

and maintained. Also, the help of nearby industries would be taken on mutual
support basis.
7.5.6.6 Ambulance
Availability of an ambulance with driver in all the shifts would be ensured to

transport injured or affected persons. Number of persons would be trained in first
aid so that, in every shift first aid personnel would be available.
7.5.7 Emergency Actions
7.5.7.1 Emergency Warning
The emergency would be communicated both to the personnel inside the plant and
the people outside. An emergency warning system shall be established for this
purpose.
7.5.7.2 Emergency Shutdown
There are number of facilities, which can be provided to help deal with hazardous
conditions, when a tank is on fire. The suggested arrangements are:
1. Stop feed;
2. Dilute contents;

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3. Remove heat;
4. Deluge with water; and
5. Transfer contents.
Whether a given method is appropriate depends on the particular case.
7.5.7.3 Evacuation of Personnel
There could be a number of persons in the storage area and other areas in the
vicinity. The area would have adequate number of exits, staircases. In the event of
an emergency, unconnected personnel have to escape to assembly point. Operators
have to take emergency shutdown procedure and escape. Time Office shall maintain
a copy of deployment of employees in each shift at ECC. If necessary, persons can
be evacuated by rescue teams.
7.5.7.4 All Clear Signal
Also, at the end of an emergency, after discussing with Incident Controllers and
Emergency Co-ordinators, the Site Controller orders an all clear signal. When it
becomes essential, the Site Controller communicates to the District Emergency
Authority, Police, Fire Service personnel regarding help required or development of
the situation into an Off-Site Emergency. The on-site emergency organization chart
for various emergencies is shown in Figure-7.3.
7.5.8 General
7.5.8.1 Employee Information
During an emergency, employees would be warned by raising siren in specific

pattern. Employees would be given training of escape routes and taking shelter.
Employees would be provided with information related to fire hazards, antidotes and
first aid measures. Those who would be designated as key personnel and essential
employees should be given training for emergency response.
7.5.8.2 Public Information and Warning
The industrial disaster effects related to this plant may mostly be confined to the
plant area. The detailed risk analysis has indicated that the pool fire effects would
not be felt outside. However, as an abundant precaution, the information related to
fuels in use would be furnished to District Emergency Authority for necessary
dissemination to general public and for any use during an off site emergency. Plants
of this size and nature have been in existence in our country for a long time.
7.5.8.3 Co-ordination with Local Authorities
Keeping in view of the nature of emergency, two levels of coordination are

proposed. In the case of an On Site Emergency, resources within the organization
would be mobilized and in the event extreme emergency local authorities help
would be sought.

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In the event of an emergency developing into an off site emergency, local authority
and District Emergency Authority (normally the Collector) would be appraised and
under his supervision, the Off Site Disaster Management Plan would be exercised.
For this purpose, the facilities that are available locally, i.e. medical, transport,
personnel, rescue accommodation, voluntary organizations etc would be mustered.
Necessary rehearsals and training in the form of mock drills would be organized.
7.5.8.4 Mutual Aid
Mutual aid in the form of technical personnel, runners, helpers, special protective
equipment, transport vehicles, communication facility etc would be sought from the
neighboring industries.
7.5.8.5 Mock Drills
Emergency preparedness is an important part of planning in Industrial Disaster

Management. Personnel would be trained suitably and prepared mentally and
physically in emergency response through carefully planned, simulated procedures.
Similarly, the key personnel and essential personnel would be trained in the
operations.
7.5.8.6 Important Information
Once the Plant goes on stream, important information such names and addresses of
key personnel, essential employees, medical personnel outside the plant,
transporters address, address of those connected with Off Site Emergency such as
Police, Local Authorities, Fire Services, District Emergency Authority would be
prepared and maintained.
7.6 Off-site Emergency Preparedness Plan
The task of preparing the Off-Site Emergency Plan lies with the District Collector;
however the off-site plan will be prepared with the help of the local district
authorities. The proposed plan will be based on the following guidelines.
7.6.1 Introduction
Off-site emergency plan would follow the on-site emergency plan. When the
consequences of an emergency situation go beyond the plant boundaries, it
becomes an off-site emergency. Off-site emergency is essentially the responsibility
of the public administration. However, the plant management will provide the public
administration with the technical information relating to the nature, quantum and
probable consequences on the neighboring population.
The off-site plan in detail will be based on those events, which are most likely to
occur, but other less likely events, which have severe consequence, will also be
considered. Incidents which have very severe consequences yet have a small
probability of occurrence would also be considered during the preparation of the
plan. However, the key feature of a good off-site emergency plan is flexibility in its
application to emergencies other than those specifically included in the formation of
the plan.

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FIGURE-7.3
ON-SITE EMERGENCY ORGANIZATION CHART

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The roles of the various parties who will be involved in the implementation of an off-
site plan are described below. Depending on local arrangements, the responsibility
for the off-site plan would either rest with the plant management or with the local
authority. Either way, the plan would identify an emergency coordinating officer,
who would take the overall command of the off-site activities. As with the on-site
plan, an emergency control center would be setup within which the emergency
coordinating officer can operate.
An early decision will be required in many cases on the advice to be given to

people living "within range" of the accident - in particular whether they should be
evacuated or told to go indoors. In the latter case, the decision can regularly be
reviewed in the event of an escalation of the incident. Consideration of evacuation
may include the following factors:
 In the case of a major fire but without explosion risk (e.g. an oil storage tank),
only houses close to the fire are likely to need evacuation, although a severe
smoke hazard may require this to be reviewed periodically; and
 If a fire is escalating and in turn threatening a store of hazardous material, it

might be necessary to evacuate people nearby, but only if there is time; if
insufficient time exists, people should be advised to stay indoors and shield
themselves from the fire. This later case particularly applies if the installation at
risk could produce a fireball with very severe thermal radiation effects.
Although the plan will have sufficient flexibility built in to cover the consequences of
the range of accidents identified for the on-site plan, it will cover in some detail the
handling of the emergency to a particular distance from each major hazard works.
7.6.2 Aspects Proposed to be considered in the Off-Site Emergency Plan
The main aspects, which should be included in the emergency plan are:
 Organization
Detail of command structure, warning systems, implementation procedures,
emergency control centers.
Names and appointments of incident controller, site main controller, their deputies
and other key personnel.
 Communications
Identification of personnel involved, communication center, call signs, network, list

of telephone numbers.
 Specialized Knowledge
Details of specialist bodies, firms and people upon whom it may be necessary to call
e.g. those with specialized fuel knowledge, laboratories etc.

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 Voluntary Organizations
Details of organizers, telephone numbers, resources etc.
 Fuel Information
Details of the hazardous substances stored and a summary of the risk associated
with them.
 Meteorological Information
Arrangements for obtaining details of weather forecasts and weather conditions

prevailing at that time.
 Humanitarian Arrangements
Transport, evacuation centers, emergency feeding, treatment of injured, first aid,

ambulances and temporary mortuaries.
 Public Information
Arrangements for (a) Dealing with the media press office; (b) Informing relatives,
etc.
 Assessment of Emergency Plan
Arrangements for:
(a) Collecting information on the causes of the emergency; and

(b) Reviewing the efficiency and effectiveness of all aspects of the emergency plan.
7.6.3 Role of the Emergency Co-ordinating Officer
The various emergency services would be co-ordinated by an Emergency

Coordinating Officer (ECO), who will be designated by the district collector. The ECO
would liaison closely with the site main controller. Again depending on local
arrangements, for very severe incidents with major or prolonged off-site
consequences, the external control would be passed to a senior local authority
administrator or even an administrator appointed by the central or state
government. The ECO will be equipped with address and phone numbers of
important agencies.
7.6.4 Role of the Local Authority
The duty to prepare the off-site plan lies with the local authorities. The emergency
planning officer (EPO) appointed should carry out his duty in preparing for a whole
range of different emergencies within the local authority area. The EPO should
liaison with the plant, to obtain the information to provide the basis for the plan.
This liaison should ensure that the plan is continually kept upto date.
It will be the responsibility of the EPO to ensure that all those organizations which
will be involved off site in handling the emergency, know of their role and are able
to accept it by having for example, sufficient staff and appropriate equipment to

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cover their particular responsibilities. Rehearsals for off-site plans should be

organized by the EPO.
7.6.5 Role of Police
Formal duties of the police during an emergency include protecting life and property
and controlling traffic movements.
Their functions should include controlling bystanders, evacuating the public,

identifying the dead and dealing with casualties, and informing relatives of death or
injury.
7.6.6 Role of Fire Authorities
The control of a fire should be normally the responsibility of the senior fire brigade
officer who would take over the handling of the fire from the site incident controller
on arrival at the site. The senior fire brigade officer should also have a similar
responsibility for other events, such as explosions. Fire authorities in the region
should be apprised about the location of all stores of flammable materials, water
and foam supply points, and fire-fighting equipment. They should be involved in on-
site emergency rehearsals both as participants and, on occasion, as observers of
exercises involving only site personnel.
7.6.7 Role of Health Authorities
Health authorities, including doctors, surgeons, hospitals, ambulances and so on,

should have a vital part to play following a major accident, and they should form an
integral part of the emergency plan.
For major fires, injuries should be the result of the effects of thermal radiation to a
varying degree, and the knowledge and experience to handle this in all but extreme
cases may be generally available in most hospitals.
Major off-site incidents are likely to require medical equipment and facilities
additional to those available locally, and a medical "mutual aid” scheme should exist
to enable the assistance of neighboring authorities to be obtained in the event of an
emergency.
7.6.8 Role of Government Safety Authority
This will be the factory inspectorate available in the region. Inspectors are likely to
satisfy themselves that the organization responsible for producing the off-site plan
has made adequate arrangements for handling emergencies of all types including
major emergencies. They may wish to see well-documented procedures and
evidence of exercise undertaken to test the plan.
In the event of an accident, local arrangements regarding the role of the factory
inspector will apply. These may vary from keeping a watching brief to a close
involvement in advising on operations.
The action plan suggested for control of the off-site emergencies is given in Table-
7.17.
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TABLE-7.17
OFF-SITE ACTION PLAN
Sr. Action Required to be taken to Responsible Equipments/Material

No. Mitigate Disaster by Aid giving Agencies for facilities required at site
agency taking action to mitigate Emergency
A 1 Arrangements for evacuation/ rescue of Police Self Breathing apparatus with
persons from zone of influence to Department spare cylinder
predetermined camps
2 Caution to public by announcement Chemical gas mask with
3 Traffic and Mob control by cordoning of spare canister
the area
4 Law & order Vehicle with PA system
5 Request to railway authority for keeping
the nearest by railway gate open & to Transportation for evacuation
stop the up & down trains at the nearest of people
railway station
B Control of fire District Fire Self breathing apparatus with
1 Scrubbing of the flashed off gas cloud Brigade spare cylinders
with water curtain Foam/water fire tenders
2 To rescue trapped persons Gas mask with spare
3 If fire is big, keep surrounding area cool canisters
by spraying water Lime water
4 Communication to State Electricity Board Neck to toe complete
to continue or cut off electric supply asbestos suit, PVC hand
5 Communication to water supply gloves, gumboots, safety
department for supplying water goggles
Mobile scrubbing system
along with suction
arrangement.
C Medical facilities for affected persons (first Hospital and Ambulance with onboard
aid and treatment) public health resuscitation unit, first aid,
stretchers
D Identification of concentration of gas in Pollution Control Gas detector
zone of influence Board
E Removal of debris and damaged Municipal Provide bulldozers
structures corporation Provide cranes
F1 Monitor the incoming and out going Transport Provide traffic police at site
transports department Provide emergency shifting
2 Arrange emergency shifting of affected vehicles at site
persons and non affected person to Provide stock of fuel for
specified area vehicles
3 Arrange diesel/petrol for needed vehicles
G1 Give all information related to Meteorological Provide wind direction and

meteorological aspects for safe handling Department velocity instruments with
of affected area for living beings temperature measurements
2 Forecast important weather changes, if Mobile van for meteorological
any parameter measurements
H1 Representatives of all departments are in Local Crises Must have all resources at
the local crisis group; therefore they are Group hand, specially disaster
expected to render services available with management plan and its
them. Since it is a group of experts with implementation method.
authority, the mitigating measures can be All relevant information
implemented speedily. The related to hazardous industry
representatives from locals are also there shall available with crisis
so that communication with local people group
is easy and quick. Newspaper editor shall be a
2 The district emergency or disaster control part of the group so that
officer / collector shall be the president right and timely media
and he shall do mock drill etc so that release can be done
action can be taken in right direction in

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Sr. Action Required to be taken to Responsible Equipments/Material

No. Mitigate Disaster by Aid giving Agencies for facilities required at site
agency taking action to mitigate Emergency
time
I1 Collector shall be the President of District District Crisis All necessary facilities
Crisis Group therefore all district Group available at district can be
infrastructure facilities are diverted to made available at affected
affected zone zone
2 All other functions as mentioned for local
crisis group Control of law and order
situation
7.7 Occupational Health and Safety
For large industries, where multifarious activities are involved during construction,
erection, testing, commissioning, operation and maintenance; the men, materials
and machines are the basic inputs. Along with the boons, industrialization generally
brings several problems like occupational health and safety.
The industrial planner, therefore, has to properly plan and take steps to minimize
the impacts of industrialization and to ensure appropriate occupational health and
safety including fire plans. All these activities again may be classified under
construction and erection, and operation and maintenance.
7.7.1 Occupational Health

Occupational health needs attention both during construction and erection and
operation and maintenance phases. However, the problem varies both in magnitude
and variety in the above phases.
 Construction and Erection
The occupational health problems envisaged at this stage can mainly be due to
constructional accident and noise. To overcome these hazards, in addition to
arrangements to reduce it within TLV's, necessary protective equipments shall be
supplied to workers.
 Operation and Maintenance
The problem of occupational health, in the operation and maintenance phase is

primarily due to noise which could affect hearing. The necessary personal protective
equipments will be given to all the workers. The working personnel shall be given
the following appropriate personnel protective equipments.
 Industrial Safety Helmet;

 Crash Helmets;
 Face shield with replacement acrylic vision;
 Zero power plain goggles with cut type filters on both ends;
 Zero power goggles with cut type filters on both sides and blue color glasses;
 Welders equipment for eye and face protection;
 Cylindrical type earplug;
 Ear muffs;
 Canister Gas mask;
 Self contained breathing apparatus;
 Leather apron;
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 Boiler suit;
 Safety belt/line man's safety belt;
 Leather hand gloves;
 Acid/Alkali proof rubberized hand gloves;
 Canvas cum leather hand gloves with leather palm;
 Electrically tested electrical resistance hand gloves; and
 Industrial safety shoes with steel toe and fiber toe (electrical).
Full-fledged hospital facilities shall be available round the clock for attending
emergency arising out of accidents, if any. All working personnel shall be medically
examined at least once in every year and at the end of his term of employment.
This is in addition to the pre-employment medical examination.
7.7.2 Safety Plan
Safety of both men and materials during construction and operation phases is of
concern. Safety plan shall be prepared and implemented in the proposed power
plant. The preparedness of an industry for the occurrence of possible disasters is
known as emergency plan. The disaster in the plant is possible due to collapse of
structures and fire/explosion etc.
Keeping in view the safety requirement during construction, operation and

maintenance phases, the power plant would formulate safety policy with the
following regulations:
 To allocate sufficient resources to maintain safe and healthy conditions of work;

 To take steps to ensure that all known safety factors are taken into account in
the design, construction, operation and maintenance of plants, machinery and
equipment;
 To ensure that adequate safety instructions are given to all employees;
 To provide wherever necessary protective equipment, safety appliances and
clothing and to ensure their proper use;
 To inform employees about materials, equipment or processes used in their
work which are known to be potentially hazardous to health or safety;
 To keep all operations and methods of work under regular review for making
necessary changes from the point of view of safety in the light of experience and
upto date knowledge;
 To provide appropriate facilities for first aid and prompt treatment of injuries and
illness at work;
 To provide appropriate instruction, training, retraining and supervision to
employees in health and safety, first aid and to ensure that adequate publicity is
given to these matters;
 To ensure proper implementation of fire prevention methods and an appropriate
fire fighting service together with training facilities for personnel involved in this
service;
 To organize collection, analysis and presentation of data on accident, sickness
and incident involving people injury or injury to health with a view to taking
corrective, remedial and preventive action;
 To promote through the established machinery, joint consultation in health and
safety matters to ensure effective participation by all employees;
 To publish/notify regulations, instructions and notices in the common language

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of employees;
 To prepare separate safety rules for each type of occupation/processes involved
in a plant; and
 To ensure regular safety inspection by a competent person at suitable intervals
of all buildings, equipments, work places and operations.
7.7.3 Safety Organization
 Construction and Erection Phase
A qualified and experienced safety officer shall be appointed. The responsibilities of

the safety officer include identification of the hazardous conditions and unsafe acts
of workers and advise on corrective actions, conduct safety audit, organize training
programs and provide professional expert advice on various issues related to
occupational safety and health. He is also responsible to ensure compliance of
Safety Rules/ Statutory Provisions. In addition to employment of safety officer by
industry, every contractor, who employs more than 250 workers, shall also employ
one safety officer to ensure safety of the worker, in accordance with the conditions
of contract.
 Operation and Maintenance Phase
When the construction is completed the posting of safety officers shall be in

accordance with the requirement of Factories Act and their duties and
responsibilities shall be as defined there of.
7.7.4 Safety Circle
In order to fully develop the capabilities of the employees in identification of

hazardous processes and improving safety and health, safety circles would be
constituted in each area of work. The circle would consist of 5-6 employees from
that area. The circle normally shall meet for about an hour every week.
7.7.5 Safety Training
A full-fledged training center shall be set up at the plant. Safety training shall be
provided by the Safety Officers with the assistance of faculty members called from
Professional Safety Institutions and Universities. In addition to regular employees,
limited contractor labors shall also be provided safety training. To create safety
awareness safety films shall be shown to workers and leaflets shall be distributed.
Some precautions and remedial measures proposed to be adopted to prevent fires
are:
 Compartmentation of cable galleries, use of proper sealing techniques of cable

passages and crevices in all directions would help in localizing and identifying the
area of occurrence of fire as well as ensure effective automatic and manual fire
fighting operations;
 Spread of fire in horizontal direction would be checked by providing fire stops for
cable shafts;
 Reliable and dependable type of fire detection system with proper zoning and
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interlocks for alarms are effective protection methods for conveyor galleries;
 Housekeeping of high standard helps in eliminating the causes of fire and

regular fire watching system strengthens fire prevention and fire fighting; and
 Proper fire watching by all concerned would be ensured.
7.7.6 Health and Safety Monitoring Plan
The health of all employees shall be monitored once in a year for early detection of
any ailment due to exposure to heat and noise.
7.8 Involvement of Outside Agencies
If an accident takes place in NSPCL-Durgapur units and its effects are felt outside its
premises, the situation thus created is called and OFF-Site emergency. In this
situation it is no longer remains the concern of the factory management alone but
also becomes a concern for the general public living outside. To meet such
situations, OFF-Site emergency plans are to be prepared as stipulated and put into
operation as & when required.
Off-Site emergency management plan is to be prepared by the government

authorities, not by the occupiers of NSPCL-Durgapur Unit. It is mandatory under
rule 14 of the MS&IHC rules 1989 for district authorities to prepare an off-Site
emergency management plan in respect of industry involving hazardous chemicals
or at locations where accidents are likely have an Off-Site adverse effect.
This section of the plan details how emergency related to major accidents inside the
plan should be dealt with, by the concerned district authorities. Wherever required
the concerned district authority can consult the General Manager and /or other
persons who would be concerned with the execution of emergency management
plan. The management of NSPCL-Durgapur shall provide all necessary information
to the concerned district authorities related to its industrial activities under their
respective control.
7.8.1 Types of Accidents
The following conditions can contribute and should be noted by all concerned in
respect of the accidents which can demand involvement of outside agencies:
1. Major fire involving combustible material like LDO (light Diesel Oil) storage and
or/Coal.
7.8.2 Emergency Due to Storage of Flammable/Explosive Material
 Major fire in the storage tanks of LDO;

 Major fire in the Coal Handling Plant.
Note: The outside agencies will be involved for the emergency situation which has
potential to cause impacts beyond the plant premises. The hydrogen used in turbo
generator coolers impacts beyond the plant premises. The hydrogen used in turbo

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generator coolers is stored and /or handled in small quantities. Thus the emergency
situations due to hydrogen storage or handling have not been considered for the
involvement of any outside agencies.
7.8.3 Communication
The efficient communication system is required to alert the outside agencies. An

efficient and reliable communication system is the key to the success of the
emergency management operation. Communication flow chart is given in Figure-
7.4.
7.8.4 Public Information
The people of the area and large number of media representatives would like to
know about the situation from time to time and respond of the District authority to
the crisis. It is important to give timely credible information to the public in order to
prevent panic and rumor. The spread of emergency public information could be
carried out in following three phases with the support of relation department of
industry and the district.
a) Before the Crisis
This will include the safety procedure to be followed during an emergency

through poster, talks and mass media in different languages including local
languages. Leaflets containing Do’s/Don’ts should be circulated to educate the
people in the vicinity. It can be done jointly by the head of NSPCL-Durgapur
and the District Crisis Group.
b) During the Crisis
Dissemination of information about the nature of the incidents, action taken

and instructions to the public about protective measures to be taken
evacuation, etc. are the important steps during this phase. It should always
be carried out under the guidance of the DCG.
c) After the Crisis
1. Attention should be focused on restoration of essential services on priority.

2. Various tasks of the public information system could include:
3. Quick dissemination of important information on emergency situations and
respond meticulously.
4. Obtain current information from the central Control Room.
5. Prepare news releases.
6. Maintain contact with hospital and get information about the casualties.

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FIGURE 7.4
COMMUNICATION NETWORK

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7.8.5 Warning
However depending upon the nature of hazards and the area affected, concerned
district authority may explore the use of other method of warning if required. The
details of these methods are as follows:
1. Out-door warning sirens.

2. Public address system with police.
3. Sirens.
4. Mass media
5. Door to door visit by civil defense personnel
6. Telephonic contact with schools and other organization /public institution.
7. Information to be provided at common gathering places such as canteens,
shops, etc
It is responsibility of the plant management to communicate the details of alarms

and warning system to all concerned. The District crisis Group will take steps on
types of warning to all concerned.
7.8.6 Emergency Contact Number
Emergency contact numbers is given in Table-7.18.
TABLE-7.18
EMERGENCY CONTACT NUMBER
Sr. No. Description BSNL/Mobile Fax

1 Fire station-DSP 0343-2583683 40333
41333
2 Plant medical-DSP 0343-2570616 41405
41406
3 OHS centre –NSPCL 0343-2549810 436
4 Shift in charge unit 0343-2005405 415
Control room 416
5 Electrical control 0343-2549810 419
Room-NSPCL
6 Safety department 0343-2549810 407
7 Security gate no.1-NSPCL 0343-2741891 400
8 Security main gate-DSP 0343-2740323 40323
9 Security gate no.02-DSP 0343-2741384 41384

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8.0 PROJECT BENEFITS
The proposed power project will result in improvement of infrastructure as well as

overall socio-economic development in the area. The people residing in the
nearby areas will be benefited directly and or indirectly due to the proposed
power project. It is anticipated that the proposed power project will provide
benefits for the locals in two phases i.e. during construction phase as well as
during operational stage of the power project
8.1 Construction Phase
During construction phase, the proposed power project will benefit the region in
following manner:
8.1.1 Employment generation
The proposed power project will generate employment opportunities to the local
populace during construction phase.
The total manpower requirement during construction is about 150 people. This
will last for approximately six months. Unskilled/semi-skilled labour for the plant
would be drawn locally or from nearby places. The employment of local personnel
in skilled and executive staff category will depend on availability and suitability of
individuals.
In addition to the direct employment in the construction of power project, an

indirect employment will generate in truck transport operation, repair garages,
other ancillary units, markets/shops etc.
8.1.2 Transportation
During Construction of power project, movement of material of great magnitude,

other construction material and construction machinery will be involved. The
materials to be transported include concrete, steel and other materials. Transport
of construction materials to the project site will result in increased traffic in the
area, the existing road network will support the increased load.
8.1.3 Demography and Socio-economics
As the labours / workmen are generally un-skilled, the locals will get
opportunities for employment during construction activities. Construction and
operational phase some in-migration will happen. They need shelters because of
that local people will earn some money through rent from migrated people. In
addition to the opportunity of getting employment as construction laborers, the
local population also would get have employment opportunities in related service
activities like petty commercial establishments, small contracts/sub-contracts and
supply of construction materials for buildings and ancillary infrastructures etc.
Consequently, this may lead to economic up-liftment of the area.

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8.2 Operational Phase

8.2.1 Employment
The total manpower requirement during operation phase is estimated to be 70
people excluding contract labour required for auxiliary services like loading of
materials, unloading of stores and miscellaneous materials and general cleaning
work and security. Unskilled/semi-skilled labour for the plant will be drawn locally
or from nearby places.
8.2.2 Anticipated/ Expected Impact on Socio- Economics
The proposed project is expected to create full time as well as part time job
opportunities to the local population through direct and indirect employment.
The living conditions are expected to improve due to improvement in income
levels.
The food security is ensured due to regular income and other welfare
measures
Children, old aged and other vulnerable groups would get welfare services
like, education, scholarships, nutrition and health
The improvement in education facilities would impact on overall literacy rate
in the area.
The overall health environment is expected to improve due to health services,
awareness programs and food security through improvement in livelihood.
It is expected that the marginalized communities like SCs and STs would be
given priority in employment and other corporate social responsibility
measures, which will reduce the socio- economic disparities.
The proponent is already committed to CSR activities through its group of

companies. Already the existing CSR programs implement the following programs
for the socio-economic development of surrounding villages near project.
8.2.3 Proposed CSR Activities
Health
Women and child health care

School Health check- ups
Pulse polio camps
Basic community health services (Health checkup, awareness, counseling,
guidance and free medicine)
Mobile Medical and Ambulance facilities
Sanitation and Drainage facilities
Specialized health camps especially for women & girl children as per need
Awareness campaigns
Animal health camps and dispensary
Distribution of medicines and spectacles
Education
School - Balwadi (ECCD centers) and primary to high end education

institutions.
Industrial training institutes
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Teacher training program

ITI Adoption
Library and Resource Centers
Scholarship to School Students & technical education
Distribution of Study Kits, Uniform, Books etc
Adult Education
Infrastructure
• Drinking water (Hand Pumps & running water facilities)

• Construction of Connecting and Diversion Roads, internal village roads
• School Buildings
• Water conservation Measures
• Green Belt
• Play Ground
• Religious Building like Temples
Livelihood
• Micro entrepreneur development (SHGs)

• Promoting advance agriculture practices including Animal Husbandry
• Horticulture
• Skill development
• Stitching and Tailoring
Employment
• During the construction and operation period, project would have significant
requirement for masons, plumbers, electricians, carpenters, fitters, welders,
security personnel, other miscellaneous services in canteen, plantation,
drivers, housekeeping etc.;
• During construction phase, project would employ about 150 skilled, semi-
skilled and unskilled laborers; and
• During operational phase, power plant would employ more than 70 personnel.
TABLE-8.1
CSR EXPENDITURE
FOR THE YEARS 2010 to 2015
Time Period Expenditure Incurred in Rupees

2010-11 1358297
2011-12 1352882
2012-13 1692790
2013-14 3275327
2014-15 4250000
Total 11929296
Estimated Budget for CSR Activities proposed:
The budgetary allocation for the CSR activities is given in Table-8.2.

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TABLE-8.2
BUDGET BREAKUP OF CSR ACTIVITIES
Main -Activities Sub-Activities Amount (in

Sr. No lacks)
(a)Pre-Primary and Primary education of apporox 240
students with other incidental expenses like educational
material, Dress, Education visit in the vicinity of
Durgapur etc at Mana village 6.5
(b)Educational tour of Mana school students 0.5
(c)Books for all students of Mana School 1
1 Education to Children
(d)Distribution of school bags to all students 0.6
(e)Distribution of school dress to all students 1.4
(f) Scholarships and Educational aids to the under
privilege meritorious students to the locality up to class
10(25 nos) 0.5
Sub Total 10.5
(a)Medical camp on weekly basis through equipped
mobile ambulance along with doctor, paramedical staff
and medicines -Mana village, Naya Bazar, Col dipot by
Swamy Viveka Nanda Vani Prachar Samiti (NGO) 6
(b)Extending financial support for running OPD Eye clinic
Health and Family @ Rs.58,333/- pm for one year to Durgapur Blind relief
2
Welfare society 7
©Cataract operation for under privilege people by
Durgapur Blind relief society 2
(d)Medical camp for under privilege people at Barjora,
Bankura by NGO, ASHWAS 1
Sub Total 16
Vocational training for women empowerment and
unemployed youth at Mana and other villages (a)
Garment design, dress making and bandhni print with
3
sewing machine distribution (b) Employability Skilled
women development training for youth. 3
Empowerment Sub Total 3
Projects as per the recommendations of Sub-Division
Magistrate 6
(a) Community toilets, Bathroom, Openwell at ispat
pally Muslim para.
(b) Development of play ground with leveling, Boundring
4 Infrastructural Facility
fencing along with installation of two Swing and one slip
at ispat pally ghosh para. 5
(b)One class room at Gopala Math Boys school 8
(c)Two class room at Gopala Math Girls school 10
Sub Total 29
Aids for special Tri cycle distribution to the local handicapped people (25
5 Challenged people nos) 2
Sub Total 2
Promotion of cultural programme and sports activity
organized by Durgapur Dishom Mak Mode Committee
(ST Organization) 1
6
Promotion of sports activity in DSP steel township and
peripheral area (as per recommendation of MIC (Sports
Promotion of sports &Culture )Municipal Corporation Durgapur 1
and & Cultural Sub Total 2
activities Grand Total 62.5
CSR photographs are given in Figure-8.1.

Chapter-8
Project Benefits
FIGURE-8.1(A)
CSR PHOTOGRAPHS

Chapter-8
Project Benefits
FIGURE-8.1(B)
CSR PHOTOGRAPHS

Chapter-9
Administrative Aspects
9.0 ADMINISTRATIVE ASPECTS
9.1 Institutional Arrangements for Environment Protection and Conservation
Environment Management Cell will be headed by a general manager and will

constitute additional general manager, safety officer, environmental engineer and
ecologist. The Organizational Structure of Environment Management Cell is
presented in Figure-9.1.
The Manager (Env) will be responsible for environment management activities in

the proposed project. Basically, this department will supervise the monitoring of
environmental pollution levels viz. source emission monitoring, ambient air
quality, water and effluent quality, noise level either departmentally or by
appointing external agencies wherever necessary.
In case the monitored results of environmental pollution are found to exceed the
allowable limits, the Environmental Management Cell will suggest remedial action
and get these suggestions implemented through the concerned authorities.
The Environmental Management Cell also co-ordinates all the related activities
such as collection of statistics of health of workers and population of the region,
afforestation and greenbelt development.

Chapter-9
Administrative Aspects
GENERAL MANAGER/
BUSINESS UNIT HEAD
ADDL. GENERAL MANAGER ADDL. GENERAL MANAGER

ADDL. GENERAL MANAGER
(MTP & O&E) (TECHNICAL SERVICES)
ENVIRONMENT ECOLOGIST/
SAFETY OFFICER
ENGINEER HORTICULTURIST
FIGURE-9.1
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT

Chapter-10
Summary & Conclusion
10.0 SUMMARY & CONCLUSION
NTPC-SAIL Power Company Private Ltd is proposing to setup 2 x 20 MW coal

based power plant at Durgapur, Burdwan district, West Bengal.
The proposed captive power plant project falls under ‘Category B’, as per
Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) notification dated 14th September 2006
which requires preparation of EIA Report to get Environmental Clearance (EC)
from the State Pollution Control Board, West Bengal. The Terms of Reference
(TOR) for the proposed project was issued by MoEF, vide letter no. J-
13012/30/2013-IA.I (T) dated 7th May 2014.
10.1 Environmental Setting
The proposed power plant co-ordinates are ranging from Latitude

23º32’10.14” to 23º31’56.66’’N and Longitude 87º15’8.14” to 87º15’22.77”
E;
The proposed power plant constructed within the existing plant premises;
With an elevation of 75 m above Mean Sea Level (MSL);
Present land use of the proposed plant site is industrial category;
Waria railway station is located at a distance of 0.2 km, SW;
The nearest airport to the project site is located at Kolkata at a distance of
about 160-km, SE;
1 protected forest block exists within 10-km radius.
The project area falls under Seismic Zone-III as per Indian Standards, IS:
1893 (Part-1) 2002.
10.2 Resource Requirement
• Land Requirement
Land requirement for the proposed captive power plant is around 35.5 is already
in industrial use. The proposed power plant will be built within the existing plant
premises hence no change in land use. No additional land acquisition for the
power plant. Hence, there will not be any Resettlement & Rehabilitation issues
involved for the proposed power plant.
• Fuel Requirement
Coal requirement for the proposed 2x20 MW power plant will be about 0.3 MTPA
(Indian coal).
• Water Requirement
The water requirement for the proposed plant is 300 m3/day, which will be met
from existing Durgapur Steel Plant (DSP) network which is fed from Waria
reservoir of DSP.
• Manpower
The total manpower requirement during construction stage will be about 150 nos
and during operation phase requirement will be about 70 nos. including skilled
and unskilled workers.
Chapter-10
10.3 Baseline Environmental Status
Primary baseline environmental monitoring studies were conducted during pre-

monsoon season (March to May 2014) and details are as follows:
10.3.1 Soil Characterization
A total of five samples within the study area were collected and analyzed. It has
been observed that the pH of the soil quality ranged from 7.5 to 8.2 indicating
that the soil is moderately alkaline in nature. The conductivity was observed to be
in the range of 175 to 250 µS/cm. Available potassium was observed to be in the
range of 224.8 kg/ha to 465 kg/ha. The nitrogen values range between 54.6
kg/ha to 98.6 kg/ha and the phosphorus values observed in sampling locations
varies between 62.9 kg/ha to 126.5 kg/ha.
10.3.2 Meteorological Data Generated at Site
The meteorological parameters were recorded on hourly basis during the study
period near proposed plant site and comprises of parameters like wind speed,
wind direction (from 0 to 360 degrees), temperature, relative humidity,
atmospheric pressure, rainfall and cloud cover.
• Temperature (0C) : 19.3- 44.4

• Relative Humidity ( %) : 18.7 – 69.2
• Predominant wind directions : South
• Total Rainfall(mm) : 102.6
10.3.3 Air Quality
The study area represents mostly rural/residential environment. Four AAQM

stations were selected in and around project site covering upwind, downwind and
crosswind directions and PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NOx, CO and Ozone were estimated in
the ambient air. The methodology of sampling and analysis as per Central
pollution control board norms. The results of ambient air quality are shown in
Table-2.1.
TABLE-10.1
AMBIENT AIR QUALITY IN 10-KM RADIUS AROUND THE PROJECT SITE
IN PRE-MONSOON, 2014
Sr. No Parameters Range of Conc., µg/m3 NAAQM Standards, µg/m3
1 PM2.5 21.3-43.8 60
2 PM10 48.1-80.4 100
3 SO2 10.6-26.3 80
4 NOx 15.7-36.1 80
5 CO 318-568 2000
6 O3 5.0-17.5 100
10.3.4 Water Quality

Water samples were collected from five sampling locations. These samples were
analyzed for various parameters to compare with the standards.

Chapter-10
Surface Water Quality
The pH of the water samples collected ranges between 7.3 to 7.5 and
conductivity recorded in between 283 µs/cm to 407 µs/cm in the sample. The
Total Dissolved Solids was observed about 180 mg/l to 260 mg/l. The Chlorides
and Sulphates were found 51.5 mg/l to 75.8 mg/l and 14.5 mg/l to 17.0 mg/l
respectively.
Ground Water Quality
The pH of the water samples collected was observed to be in the range of 7.5 and
7.6. The conductivity was found to be 555 µs/cm and 665 µs/cm. Total Hardness
of the samples ranged from 151 mg/l to 174 mg/l. Calcium and Magnesium
concentrations ranged from 34 mg/l - 40 mg/l and 16 mg/l -18 mg/l respectively.
Range of Chlorides and Sulphates concentrations at all the locations 100 mg/l -
123 mg/l and 18.5 mg/l – 19.0 mg/l respectively. Fluoride concentrations are
ranging in between 0.4 mg/l and 0.5 mg/l and are found to be within the
permissible limits. The results of ground and surface water quality are well within
limits.
10.3.5 Noise Level Survey
The noise monitoring has been conducted for determination of noise levels at ten
locations in the study area. Noise monitoring results reveal ambient noise levels in
all locations are well within the limits as per Ambient Noise standards.
• The daytime noise levels at all the locations are observed to be within the range
of 43.8 dB(A) to 51.2 dB (A).
• The night time noise levels at all the locations were found to be in the range of
40.9 dB (A) to 48.0 dB (A).
10.3.6 Flora and Fauna Studies
Detailed ecological studies were conducted to assess the present biological

resources in and around the proposed project area. The primary site survey and
the data from the secondary sources suggest no presence of any schedule-I
species or species of conservation importance. The study area has no Biosphere
Reserves, Tiger Reserve, National Parks or Wildlife Sanctuary and migratory
corridors of any species.
67 animal species were recorded/ observed during study period. It can be concluded
that there are about 6 species which belong to Sch-II and 1 species belong to Sch-
III, 52 species which belong to Sch-IV and 8 species which belong to Sch-V of
Wildlife Protection Act, 1972.
10.4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures
Impact on Air Quality
Adequate stack heights have been provided to disperse gaseous emissions over a
wider area. In order to control emissions of Particulates adequate control
equipment are proposed.
Chapter-10
Prediction of impacts on air environment has been carried out by using AERMOD
and the resultant ground level concentrations for PM10, SO2 and NOx would be as
80.74 µg/m3, 35.98 µg/m3 and 37.34 µg/m3. After the implementation of the
proposed expansion project, these concentrations are found to be below the
permissible NAAQS norms for rural/residential zone and industrial/mixed zone.
Therefore, the proposed activity is not likely to have any significant adverse
impact on the air environment.
Impact on Water Resources
The total water requirement for the proposed captive power plant will be about
300m3/day. The source of water for proposed plant will be from existing Durgapur
Steel Plant (DSP) network which is fed from Waria reservoir of DSP. The treated
CPP wastewater will be re-cycled back for use in greenbelt development. The
domestic wastewater will be treated and utilized for green belt development and
dust suppression.
Impact on Noise Levels
The proposed plant contains number of items of heavy equipment such as fans,
engines, generators, and turbines. There will be associated road or rail traffic,
including truck movement and loading equipment. Noise and vibration is greater
from heavy truck traffic associated with operations and transport of raw materials
and finished product.
Impact of Solid Waste Generation
The details of the solid waste generated in the plant are given in Table-10.2.
TABLE-10.2
EXPECTED SOLID WASTE FROM POWER PLANT (WORST CASE SCENERIO)
Sr. No. Plant Proposed Mode of Disposal
1 Ash 1,20,000 TPA
2 Bottom ash 24,000 TPA Silo for dry form and wet disposal to
3 Fly ash 98,000 TPA ash dyke
4 Used oil 2 KL Sold to authorised Recycler
5 Domestic solid 500 kg/month Vermi Composting
waste/Municipal
solid waste
ETP of 1 KL and STP of 2.5 KL capacity are proposed. The ash generated in the
plant will be supplied to potential users. The Sludge from sewage treatment plant
will be dried and used as manure for greenbelt maintenance. Canteen/sanitary
waste will be composted and used as manure for greenbelt development.
With the implementation of above precautionary measures, the impacts due to
solid waste disposal are insignificant on environment.
Impact on Ecology
Development of a thick green belt and transportation of material through closed

conveyor system will further reduce the pollution loads in the surroundings areas
and contain the negative impact on forests and terrestrial ecology and also

Chapter-10
increase the presence of avifauna and related faunal components which a positive
impact over the project.
10.5 Environment Management during Operation Phase
Air Pollution Management
Fugitive and stack emissions from the power plant will contribute to increase in
concentrations of PM, SO2, and NOx pollutants. The mitigative measures
recommended in the plant are:
• Installation of ESP followed Fabric filter (Hybrid ESP) of efficiency more than
99.9% to limit the PM concentrations below 50 mg/Nm3;
• Provision of tall stack of 75 m height for wider dispersion of gaseous emissions;
• Provision of water sprinkling system at raw material storage yard;
• Asphalting of the roads within the plant area;
• Provision of dust extraction systems at dust generating source;
• Developing of greenbelt around the plant to arrest the fugitive emissions; and
• Online flue gas monitors as well as flue gas flow rates and temperature
measurement shall be provided for all stacks;
The fugitive dust emissions shall be controlled by installation of closed conveyor

system along with suitable dust suppression measures.
Noise Pollution Management
The design features provided to ensure low noise levels are as follows:
• All rotating machinery will be well lubricated and provided with enclosures as
far as possible to reduce noise transmission;
• Provision of silencers will be made wherever possible;
• The insulation provided for prevention of loss of heat and personnel safety will
also act as noise reducers;
• Necessary enclosures will also be provided on the working platforms/areas to
provide local protection in high noise level areas;
• The workers will be provided with ear plugs; and
• Plantation in the zone between plant and township would attenuate noise in
the residential area.
Water Pollution Management
Wastewater from captive power plant is planning to treat in existing Effluent

Treatment Plant (ETP) and treated effluents will be used in greenbelt or in plant
operations and there will be no wastewater discharge from the proposed plant.
Domestic waste water will treated in sewage treatment plant and treated water
will be 100 % reused in different activities.
Solid Waste Management
All the solid waste generated will be reused either in process or in ancillary
operations.

Chapter-10
• Entire fly ash generated will be supplied to potential users.

• The sludge from STP can be used as manure for green belt development.
• Bottom ash will be collected and used for land filling.
Greenbelt Development
Due care will be taken to ensure that a greenbelt is developed around the plant.
All areas devoid of vegetation and having low density will be systematically and
scientifically afforested. In the proposed greenbelt about 12000 trees will be
planted with a density of 2500 trees/ha.
10.6 Project Benefits
Proposed power plant will result in considerable growth of stimulating the

industrial and commercial activities in the state. Small and medium scale
industries may be further developed as a consequence. M/s NTPC-SAIL proposes
to participate in various CSR activities in the areas like Infrastructure
Development, Education, Medical Facilities, Sanitation, Community Development
and Awareness Programmes, Vocational Training in and around the project site.
The budget estimated under CSR activities as one time capital expenditure will be
of Rs 62.50 lakhs for the year 2015-16.
10.7 Conclusion
The proposed captive power plant will have marginal impacts on the local
environment with proper mitigation measures with the effective implementation
of the environment management measures as suggested in the EIA/EMP report
and as recommended by MoEF & CC, CPCB and State Pollution Control Board, the
negative impacts will be minimized to a great extent. However, development of
this project has beneficial impact/effects in terms growth in regional economy,
transform the region's economy from predominantly agricultural to significantly
industrial, increase Government earnings and revenues and accelerate the pace
of industrial development in the region.
Thus, in view of considerable benefits from the project without any adverse
environmental impact, the proposed project is most advantageous to the region
as well as to the nation.

Chapter-11
Disclosure of Consultants
11.0 DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS
11.1 Introduction
Studies were carried out by several institutions of different disciplines during the
preparation of the EIA/EMP report based on the Expert Appraisal Committee
(EAC) prescribed Terms of Reference. The list of consultants involved in different
studies is given below:
Sr. No. Study Consultants

1 Environmental Impact Assessment study Vimta Labs Ltd,
including Environment Management Plan Hyderabad
The profile of the Consultants is given below:
11.2 Vimta Labs Limited-Environment Consultant
Vimta Labs Limited is a leading multi-disciplinary testing and research

laboratory in India. Vimta provides contract research and testing services in the
areas of environmental assessment, analytical testing, clinical research, pre-
clinical (animal) studies, clinical reference lab services, advanced molecular
biology services and research & development studies.
The Environment Division has been in the forefront of its vision to provide
better environment through guiding and assisting the industry for sustainable
development. A stalwart in the mission to protect and preserve the natural
resources on earth for future generations, it offers extensive research and
consultancy services in the field of environment. With its rich experience, multi-
disciplinary expertise and with the support of its state-of the-art analytical
equipment, the services offered by the division are wide ranging and
encompasses entire gamut of environment management and monitoring services.
With its emphasis on quality services over the years, it has evolved itself into a
single reference point in India for comprehensive environmental services.
11.2.1 The Quality Policy
• Vimta is committed to good professional practices and quality of operations in

its testing, validation and research services;
• Vimta shall ensure customer satisfaction by maintaining independence,

impartiality and integrity in its operations;
• Vimta shall provide the services in accordance with national and international
norms;
• Vimta shall implement quality systems as per ISO/IEC 17025 and applicable
Good Laboratory Practices (GLPs) & Good Clinical Practices (GCPs), to
generate technically valid results/data; and
• Vimta shall ensure that all its personnel familiarize with the policies and
procedures of the quality system and implement the same in their work.

Chapter-11
11.2.2 Major Milestones and Accreditations
• 1984–Registered with an initial investment of Rs.200,000=00

• 1985–Recognized by ISI (now known as Bureau of Indian Standards)
• 1987–Qualified by the criteria of Ministry of Environment and Forests, India
and was notified as one of the first 14 Standard Environmental Laboratories
published in the Gazette of India
• 1988–Licensed for carrying out tests on Drugs and Pharmaceuticals
• 1991–Accredited by NCTCF, DST, Government of India (the forerunner of
NABL)
• 1995–Accredited by NABL, India under its revised scheme, certified by
Standards Australia, Quality Assurance Services as per ISO/IEC Guide 25 and
ISO 9002
• 1996–GLP Compliance
• 1998–Accreditation by GOSSTANDART and joint venture for certification of
Food Exports with ROSTEST, Russia
• 1998–World Bank Recognition
• 2002–ANVISA Brazil Certification
• 2003–USFDA accepts Vimta Bioequivalence study report. Showcased Vimta at
AAPS (USA) and ICSE-CPHI (Germany)
• 2003–Recognized by Saudi Arabian Standards Organization
• 2004–Enters Gulf market-Executes a contract for environmental consultancy
in Kuwait
• 2006–Expands its overseas activities. Undertakes environmental assignment
in Saudi Arabia
• 2006–Undertakes environmental impact assignment in Tanzania, Africa
• 2008–Has been Pre-Qualified by World Health Organization (WHO)
• 2008–Undertaken environmental impact assessment studies in Cameroon,
Africa
11.2.3 Services Offered
Spread over 70,000 sq.ft lush green garden premises at Cherlapally, Hyderabad
(India), the scientifically designed and meticulously groomed infrastructural
facility of the Central Laboratory of VIMTA has the most sophisticated
instruments backed by an excellent team of professionals.
Over 150,000 sq. ft. of world class research laboratory is also under operation at
Biotech Park-Genome Valley, Hyderabad (India). Having all the facilities under
one roof is perhaps the only one of its kind in South Asia in the contract testing
and research sector.

Chapter-11
VIMTA Central Laboratory, Cherlapally, Hyderabad VIMTA Life Sciences, Genome Valley, Hyderabad
Vimta offers services under the following specializations:
• Environment;
• Analytical;
• Clinical Reference Lab;
• Clinical Research;
• Preclinical;
• Molecular Biology; and
• Research and Development.
The environment division of VIMTA Labs Limited (VLL) has its presence all over
India and other countries including a strong association with international
consultants like Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC), Kennametal
Inc.-USA, Rudal Blanchard–UK, E&E Solutions–Japan, NAPESCO & Kuwait
National Petroleum Corporation–Kuwait, Marafiq and Haif Consultants–Saudi
Arabia and others. Vimta Labs Limited has the following credentials:
• Recognition by BIS, India;

• Recognition by Ministry of Environment and Forests, Govt. of India and
various State Pollution Control Boards (wherever applicable);
• Recognition by Department of Science & Technology, Govt. of India (NABL);
• Recognition by Ministry of Defence, Govt. of India;
• Recognition by APEDA, Ministry of Commerce, Govt. of India;
• Recognition by Saudi Arabia Standard Organization (SASO), Saudi Arabia;
• Recognition from NEMC, Tanzania;
• Accreditation by NCTCF;
• Certification from Standard Australia;
• Recognition from ANVISA Brazil;
• Recognition from USFDA;
• Quality Assurance Services as per ISO/IEC 17025;
• Quality Assurance Services as per ICH Guidelines; and
• Recognition by World Health Organization (WHO).

Chapter-11

Chapter-11

Chapter-11
11.2.4 Services of Environment Division
Environment essentially being a multi-disciplinary science, the range of services

offered by the division are also comprehensive and caters to the needs of
industry, pollution control agencies, regulatory authorities and in a larger pursuit
of a green globe. The services under environment include:
• Site selection and liability studies;

• Environmental impact assessments;
• Environment management plans;
• Carrying capacity based regional studies;
• Environmental audits;
• Solid and hazardous waste management;
• Risk assessment (MCA, HAZON, HAZOP) & disaster management plans;
• Occupational health and safety, industrial hygiene;
• Environmental monitoring for air, meteorology, water, soil, noise, ecology and
socio-economics;
• Industrial emission source monitoring;
• Offshore sampling and analysis of marine water and sediments;
• Marine ecological studies;
• Marine impact assessment;
• Rehabilitation and resettlement studies;
• Forestry and ecological studies;
• Geological and hydro-geological studies;
• Land use/land cover studies based on remote sensing;
• Socio-economic studies;
• Due diligence studies;
• Industrial epidemiological studies;
• Wasteland management studies; and
• Study on bio-indicators.
The services under Environmental Chemistry include:
Analysis of water, wastewater, soil, solid waste, hazardous waste as per

international codes;
Source emissions and work zone air/noise quality monitoring;
Analysis of SVOCs, VOCs, PAH, BTEX, AOX, PCB’s, TCLP metals, TOC etc.;
Categorization of hazardous waste; and
Pesticide residue analysis.
11.2.5 Facilities of Environment Division
Vimta-Environment Division is located in scientifically designed Central Laboratory

with the state-of the-art modern facilities to offer vide range of services in indoor
and outdoor monitoring and analytical characterization in the field of
Environment. Further, it is ably supported by highly skilled and experienced team
of professionals in the fields of science, engineering, ecology, meteorology, social
planning, geology & hydro-geology and environmental planning.
Besides the regular monitoring equipment such as Respirable Dust Samplers

(RDS), automatic weather monitoring stations, stack monitoring kits, personal

Chapter-11
samplers, noise meters, portable water kits etc, the other major specialized
equipment include:
• Monostatic Sodar–Designed by National Physical Laboratory, GOI;

• Integrated Noise Level Meters–Quest, U.S.A;
• Flue Gas Analyzers–Testo, Germany;
• 113-A Gravimetric Dust Sampler-Casella, London;
• ICP AES–Varian, USA;
• Gas Liquid Chromatographs with FID, ECD & pFPD–Varian, USA;
• Gas Chromatograph with Mass Detector–Varian, USA;
• Atomic Absorption Spectrometer [AAS]–Varian, USA;
• PAS-AFC-123 instrument;
• High Performance Liquid Chromatograph (HPLC);
• Laser Particle Size Analyzer;
• Bomb Calorimeter;
• Polarographs;
• X-ray Fluorescent Spectrometer;
• Flame Photometer;
• Carbon Sulphur Analyzer;
• Computerized Fatigue Testing Machine;
• Electronic Universal Testing Machine;
• Fourier Transmission Infrared Spectroscope; and
• Water Flow Current Meter–make Lawrence & Mayo.
HIGH RESOLUTION GAS CHROMATOGRAPHS

Chapter-11
11.2.6 Quality Systems
The basic fact that environment division and its supporting site laboratories are
accredited by NABL (IS0-17025) and Ministry of Environment and Forests, India
and by other international bodies stand testimony to its emphasis on Quality
Systems.
11.2.7 Achievements
Being the first laboratory to be recognized under Environment Protection (EP) Act
by Government of India (GOI), environment division with its best mind power and
industrial knowledge competency that allows it to compare with the best in the
business.
• The environment division till date has executed about 650 environmental
impact assessment and environment management studies with risk
assessment and disaster management plans for various spectrum of industries
and obtained statutory approvals;
• Supported by the strong modern laboratory and experienced hands,

environment division is well equipped in conducting due diligence, phase-I and
phase-II studies;
• Undertaken specialized studies such as regional environmental impact
assessment on carrying capacity principle; upper air meteorological studies
using monostatic SODAR for major industrial complexes;
• Associated with prestigious studies such as environmental pollution
monitoring around Taj Trapezium (India), pre and post satellite launch studies
for Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and monitoring for offshore oil
& gas exploration for deep-sea water and sediment sampling;
• The services offered include vide spectrum of industries covering power,
chemical, cement, mining, steel & alloys, metallurgical, aluminium refining &
smelting, dye & intermediates, bulk drugs, pesticides, agro-chemicals, petro-
chemicals, refineries, pulp & paper, oil & gas exploration & production,
asbestos, infrastructure such as highways, seaports and airports, river valley,
foundries etc;
• Undertaken environmental consultancy for pipeline layout and up gradation of
API oil-water separators of various crude oil depots and petrol filling stations
of Kuwait National Petroleum Corporation, Kuwait;
• Undertaken performance evaluation and capacity expansion of sewage

treatment plant and industrial wastewater treatment Plant for Marafiq, Saudi
Arabia;
• Undertaken environmental impact assessment studies for pulp and paper mill
expansion of Mufindi Paper Mills, Tanzania, Africa; and
• Undertaken environmental impact assessment studies for bauxite mines in

Cameroon, Africa for Cameroon Aluminium Limited (CAL).
The details of the persons involved in the preparation of present EIA/EMP report
are presented below:

Chapter-11
DETAILS OF PERSONNEL INVOLVED IN CURRENT EIA/EMP STUDY – VIMTA LABS LTD

Sr. No. Name Qualification Position Contribution Experience
1 Mr. M. Janardhan M.Tech (Env. Vice President & Co-ordination About 24 years of experience in the field of environmental
Engg) Head (Env) management and environmental engineering
2 Dr. B. Chandra Sekhar M.Sc., Ph.D Sr. Manager Co-ordination About 14 years of experience in the field of environmental
management and modeling
3 Mr. G. V. Raghava Rao M.Tech (Env) Manager Expert About 15 years of experience in the field of environmental
management and environmental engineering
4 Mr. S. Srinivas Goud M.S.W Group Leader Expert About 23 years of experience in the field of social impact assessment
studies.
5 Ms. Durga Bhavani M. Sc., M.Tech Group Leader Expert About 11 years of experience in the field of Environmental
(Env) Management and Environmental Chemistry
6 Dr. Mandar Nanajkar M. Sc., Ph.D Env Scientist Expert About 11 years of experience in ecological and biodiversity studies
(Ecology)
7 Mr. S.Kishore Kumar M.Tech (Env) Env Engineer Expert About 4 years of experience in the field of environment management
and engineering
8 Mr. M. Raja Manohar M.Tech (Env ) Env Engineer Expert About 4 years of experience in the field of environment management
and engineering
9 Dr. M. Subba Reddy Ph.D (Env. Sr. Scientist Expert About 5 years of experience in the field of Environmental
Chem) Management and Environmental Chemistry
10 Mr. P.Rama Krishna M.Tech (env) Engineer Expert About 3 years of experience in the field of Environment Management
11 Mr. Ch. Narendra M.S.W Scientist Expert About 2 years of experience in the field of Social Impact Assessment
Studies
12 Mr. M. Praveen Kumar M.E (Env) Engineer Expert About 1 year of experience in the field of environment management
13 Mr. J. Sunil Kumar M.Tech (Env) Engineer Expert About 1 year of experience in the field of environment management
14 Mr. K.Rajeswar M.Sc (Geo) Scientist Expert About 5 years of experience in the field of geology and hydrogeology
15 Mr. Sunki Srikanth M.Sc., M.Tech Scientist Experts About 5 years of experience in the field of Ecology and Biodersity
(Eco) studies
16 Mr. Chavan Sanjay Kumar M.Sc. (Env. Scientist Expert About 3 years of experience in the field of Environmental
Laxman Science) Management and Environmental Chemistry
17 Ms. T. Ramya Devi B.Sc Quality Auditor Quality Check About 5 years of experience in quality assurance
18 Mr. P. Niranjan Babu B.Com Dy Manager Secretarial About 25 years of experience in the field of environmental monitoring
Support and secretarial support
19 Mr. P. Krishna I.T.I (Civil) Jr. Engineer Cartography About 15 years experience in the field of environmental management
and civil drawings
20 Mr. J. Rama Krishna I.T.I (Civil) Jr. Engineer Cartography About 14 years experience in the field of environmental management
and civil drawings
Chapter-11
Sr. No. Name Qualification Position Contribution Experience

Empanelled Experts
1 Mr. J. Rajendra Prasad M.Sc. Empanelled Expert About 20 years of experience in the field of Land use
Consultant studies, Remote Sensing and Hydrogeology
2 Mr. Rajgopal Krishnan M. Tech Empanelled Expert About 42 years of experience in the field of Risk and
(Chemical Engg) Consultant Hazard assessment
3 Mr. V.K.Bhatnagar B.Sc (Mining Empanelled Expert About 40 years of experience in the field of Mining
Engineer) Consultant engineering, geology and soil

Environmental Impact Assessment Environmental Impact Assessment (PDFDrive)

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Environmental Impact Assessment Environmental Impact Assessment (PDFDrive)

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ENVIRONMENTAL

Environmental Consultant: Project Proponent :

Vimta Labs Limited

NTPC-SAIL Power Company Private Ltd

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDY

For and on behalf of VIMTA Labs Limited

Position : HOD & Vice President (Env)

Date : February 24, 2015

Table of Contents TC-1

2.0 Project Description

3.0 Baseline Environmental Status

4.1 Introduction C4-1

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad TC-1

5.1 Analysis of Alternative Site for Location of Power Plant C5-1

6.0 Environmental Monitoring Programme

6.1 Introduction C6-1

7.0 Additional Studies

7.1 Public Consultation C7-1

8.0 Project Benefits

8.1 Construction Phase C8-1

9.0 Administrative Aspects

9.1 Institutional Arrangements for Environment

10.0 Summary and Conclusions

10.1 Environmental Setting C10-1

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad TC-2

11.0 Disclosure of Consultants

11.1 Introduction C11-1

Annexure-I TOR Compliance AI-1

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad TC-3

1.1 Index Map C1-4

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad TC-4

Tables Title Page

1.1 Details of Environmental Setting C1-2

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad TC-5

List of Tables (Contd..)

Tables Title Page

4.1 Model Setup C4-5

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad TC-6

M/s NTPC-SAIL Power Company Private Ltd is proposing to setup 2 x 20 MW

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C1-1

1.3 Brief Description of Project

1.3.1 Size of the Project

The coal based captive thermal power plant is of 40 MW (2 x 20 MW) capacity.

1.3.2 Location of the Project

Sr. No. Particulars Details

3 Elevation above MSL 75 m above Mean Sea Level

Sr. No. Particulars Details

1.4 Importance to the Country & Region

One of the justification for setting up capital intensive industries is to promote

Sr. Region Electrical Energy Requirement Peak Electric Load (GW)

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C1-3

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C1-4

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C1-5

• Power Development Scenario-11th Plan Period

As per CEA/Planning Commission, a tentative capacity addition of 82,200 MW has

Considering the existing and escalating demand of electricity in West Bengal, it is

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C1-7

1.5 Existing Project Clearance Details

NTPC-SAIL has been accorded Environment Clearance (EC) by WBPCB and

1.6 Scope of the Study

• Predominant wind directions, expected during the period of baseline monitoring

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C1-8

Sr. No. Attribute Parameters Frequency of Monitoring