Topic 2

Atomic structure
 Learning Objectives

• Describe the structure of the atom as a central

nucleus containing neutrons and protons
surrounded by electrons in shells

• State the relative charges and relative masses of

a proton, a neutron and an electron

• Define proton number/ atomic number as the

number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
 Learning Objectives

• Define mass number/nucleon number as the

total number of protons and neutrons in the
nucleus of an atom

• Determine the electronic configuration of

elements and their ions with proton number 1 to
20, e.g. 2,8,3
 Learning Objectives

• Interpret and use symbols for atoms, e.g. 126C,

and ions, e.g. 35 17Cl–
 Learning Objectives

• State that:
(a) Group VIII noble gases have a full outer shell
(b) the number of outer shell electrons is equal to
the group number in Groups I to VII
(c) the number of occupied electron shells is equal
to the period number
 Learning Objectives

• Define isotopes as different atoms of the same

element that have the same number of protons
but different numbers of neutrons
 Learning Objectives
• State that isotopes of the same element have the
same chemical properties because they have the
same number of electrons and therefore the
same electronic configuration

• Calculate the relative atomic mass of an element

from the relative masses and abundances of its
isotopes
 Activity
• https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/isotopes
-and-atomic-mass/latest/isotopes-and-atomic-
mass_en.html
 Think-Pair-Share
Question
Explain why elements containing different
isotopes of the same atom have the same
chemical characteristics.
 Think-Pair-Share
Answer
Isotopes of the same element have the same
chemical properties because they have the same
number of electrons (valence electrons) and
therefore the same electronic configuration.
Calculate the relative atomic mass of an element from the
relative masses and abundances of its isotopes

Question 1:

Question
The table shows the mass numbers and abundances of naturally occurring boron isotopes.

Mass number Abundance

10 19.9%

11 80.1%

Calculate the relative atomic mass of boron. Give your answer to 1 decimal place.
Solution
Question 2:
The table shows the mass numbers and abundances of naturally occurring copper isotopes.

Mass number Abundance

63 69%
65 31%

Calculate the relative atomic mass of copper. Give your answer to 1 decimal place.
 Task

Solve question one (Q1)

parts a and b only in Cambridge
Chemistry Workbook page 13.