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Design of High Voltage Installations and proposed changes to AS2067
Conference Paper · October 2014
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DESIGN OF HIGH VOLTAGE
INSTALLATIONS and proposed changes to
AS2067
Prof Alex Baitch HonFIEAust, CPEng
Principal BES (Aust) Pty Ltd
High Voltage Forum

Melbourne 2014
© BES (Aust) Pty Ltd 2014 Baitch
Outline of Presentation
1 Design of HV Installations
2 Background to development of AS2067 and its
revision
3 Issues under consideration in revision of AS2067
4 Matter of earthing not included - covered in separate
presentation

Design considerations for HV Installations
• Design of a substation a multi-disciplinary activity

• Must be done by qualified and competent persons
in the particular discipline.
• Involves several specialised engineering disciplines
– High voltage engineering
– Protection
– Control
– High voltage testing
– Metering
– Civil design
– Structural design

Design Fundamentals
• Installations shall be capable of withstanding conditions
related to:
– Electrical
– Mechanical
– Climatic
– Environmental factors
• Design must consider
– Purpose
– Requirements (PQ, reliability, transients, starting)
– Safety of operator and public
– Environmental influence
– Possibility of extension and maintenance issues
– Loading (full load, short circuit levels and duration)
Design Fundamentals
• Design must consider

– Purpose
– Requirements (PQ, reliability, transients, starting)
– Safety of operator and public
– Environmental influence
– Possibility of extension and maintenance issues
– Loading (full load, short circuit levels and duration)

Purpose of AS2067
• The purpose of AS2067 is to provide the designer

guidance both in the form of
– normative requirements - Compliance is compulsory
– Informative advice - Guidance advice for consideration
• Contains a large amount of useful guidance to
designers and suppliers regarding substation and high
voltage installation design

AS2067
• AS 2067:2008 “Substations and high voltage

installations exceeding 1 kV a.c.” (replaced AS
2067:1984 “Switchgear assemblies and ancillary equipment
for alternating voltages above 1kV”)
• Amendment 1 of AS 2067:2008 published 24 Feb
2010
• Project for review and production of new edition of
AS2067 – commenced 2012
– Sub committees have been established to consider
• EARTHING OF INSTALLATIONS
• ARC FLASH HAZARDS OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS
• Draft for Public Comment should now be released

Status of AS2067 (2)
• Wiring Rules AS/NZS 3000:2007 Amendment 1

issued July 2009
• Clause 7.6 of Wiring Rules requires all high
voltage installations to be in accordance with AS
2067
• For protection and earthing purposes includes low
voltage cables and switchgear associated with
high voltage transformers
• New edition expected to replace requirements of
“AS3007 Electrical installations—Surface mines and
associated processing plant” particularly as covered in
“Part 2 General protection requirements”.

Status of IEC 61936
• IEC 61936-1:2002 “Power Installations exceeding 1kV ac

Part 1 – Common Rules” (1st Edition)
• Parts 2 and 3 were intended to be issued for industrial

installations and electricity network installations
• 2nd Edition of IEC 61936-1 issued 2010 - includes industrial

installations and electricity network installations
• Maintenance Team MT4 reviewed 2nd Edition. Amendment

2.1 was issued early this year
• IEC 61936-2 now allocated to deal with HV DC Installations

(TC99-WG5 is presently preparing this)
Scope of AS2067
Covers
• (a) An electricity network substation,
• (b) The high voltage parts of an power station
• (c) The high voltage parts of an electrical installation that

are not covered in (a) and (b) above.
So all HV installations are covered by this standard other than

those excluded

Scope AS2067
• Presently AS2067 does not apply to the design and
erection of:
(A) Overhead lines and underground cables between separate
installations. (Dealt with by AS/NZS 7000 – ENA C(b)1))
(B) Ship and offshore installations.
(C) Mine site electrical installations, (Fixed infrastrastructure
compliant with AS/NZS 3000 covered by AS 2067)
(D) Electrical equipment located within a closed electrical
operating area supplied at low voltage .(eg X ray equipment
supplied at LV but having HV inside a closed box)
(E) Test sites.
• In the new edition, it is proposed to only exclude
underground parts of mine site electrical
installations

Scope AS2067 – Mining installations
• EL043 “High Voltage Installations” is working

closely with EL023 “Electrical Equipment in Mines
and Quarries”
• Cross membership established between the two
committees
• EL023 focuses on all of the electrically operated
transportable and portable infrastructure
(AS/NZS 3007 and AS/NZS 4823 series)
• EL043 focuses on all parts of installations that
need to comply with Wiring Rules AS/NZS 3000
• Mining Regulations require compliance with the
Wiring Rules
Content AS2067
• The Standard covers the following broad areas:
a) Scope and definitions
b) Fundamental requirements
c) Insulation coordination
d) Equipment
e) Installations
f) Safety Measures
g) Protection Control and Auxiliary Systems
h) Earthing systems
i) Inspection and Testing
j) Operation and Maintenance Manual
k) Additional Requirements for Consumer High Voltage
installations.

Substation Types
A wide variety of substations are covered by AS2067. In
applying the standards and guidelines it is important that
requirements are applied appropriately.

Transmission Substations
– Outdoor transmission, zone or customer substations.
– Indoor transmission, zone substations in city precincts or
in plants.

Zone Substations

Indoor Distribution Substations
– Indoor distribution substations within high rise,

commercial, industrial or mining developments
– Distribution substations in outdoor enclosures.
– Small distribution substations in free standing buildings.
– Indoor distribution substations :
Basements or street level chambers; underground vaults in roadways;
upper levels of buildings

Commercial Area
indoor substations

Outdoor Distribution Substations
– Kiosk or padmount transformer distribution substations,

often in public streets, parks, or yards.
– Pole transformer type distribution substations.

Substations supplying Mining Installations

Industrial and Mining Substations

Insulation Coordination
• Section 3 of AS2067 deals with insulation

coordination
• Based on AS 1824.1
• New draft proposes editorial changes and some
amendments
• Table 3.1 on Rod to Structure /Plate Geometry
Clearances corrected and changed
• Table 3.2 Minimum phase-to-phase clearances
corrected and aligned with IEC 61936-1

Equipment
• Section 4 of AS2067 deals with equipment issues.

• No significant changes are proposed

Section 6 Safety Measures
Important section dealing with range of issues
a) Protection against direct contact

b) Means to protect persons working on or near electrical
installations
c) Protection from danger resulting from arc faults
d) Protection against fire and explosion
e) Protection against leakage of insulating liquids and SF6
f) Identification and marking

Fire and Explosion
Deflagration - instant fire

Transformer fire
Oil spillage outside of bund

Fire wall protecting adjoining transformers © BES (Aust) Pty Ltd 2014 Baitch
Effects of fire
Transformer tank split

Zone substation fire
Reactor fire
Fire
Madrid Substation fire
Cable fire
Effects of Fire
• Considerable work has been undertaken in this area

• Changes are being proposed in revised edition
associated with Table 6.1 Clearances for Outdoor
Transformers
– G1 Horizontal separation to other transformers
– G2 Horizontal clearance to combustible surface
– G3 Horizontal clearance to 2 hr fire resistant
surfaces of buildings
– G4 Vertical extent G4 for 2 hr fire resistant surfaces
of buildings
• Public comment being sought on whether linear
interpolation rather than in steps

Fire exposure protection of buildings
100 ≤ 1000 litre G1 = 1 G2 = 6 G3 = 1 G4 = 4.5

> 1000 ≤ 2000 litre G1 = 1 G2 = 7.5 G3 = 1.5 G4 = 7.5
> 20000 ≤ 45000 litre G1 = 10 G2 = 20 G3 = 7.7 G4 = 30.

Fire /blast walls of various
heights

Protection against leakage
• Draft standard includes new diagrams for

– Sump with separate containment tank
– Flame traps
– Oil containment tanks

Installations
• Section 5 of AS2067 deals with requirements for

installations. It covers:
a) Minimum requirements,
b) Outdoor installations of open design
c) Indoor installations of open design
d) Installation of prefabricated type-tested switchgear
e) Requirements for buildings
f) High Voltage/Low Voltage prefabricated substations
g) Electrical installations on a mast, pole or tower

AS2067 Section 5 Installations (Cont’d)
• Minimum requirements
– This section on Installations provides general
requirements for the installations and deals with choice of
circuit arrangement, circuit documentation, transport
routes, lighting, operational safety and labelling.
– System for functional identification of small wiring as
AS2067-1984 reinstated as informative Appendix
• Clearances in line with AS 1824.1
– Distance “N” is the Non Flashover Distance.
– Distance “G” is the Ground Safety Clearance
– Section Safety Clearance “S” is the distance (N + G).
– Horizontal Work Safety Clearance is “X” is (N + 1900)
– Vertical Work Safety Clearance is “V” is (N + 1340)

Minimum Clearances
Draft standard will correct diagram
Ladder and operator

corrected

Clearances around Switchboard
• Significant changes proposed in Draft AS2067

– Requirement for 750mm aisles removed
– Replaced with minimum requirement of space for
evacuation of at least 600mm

Section 5.5 Requirement for Buildings
• This matter greatly expanded compared to IEC 61936.1
• Key factor is applicability of Building Code of Australia
• Up until 2012 BCA did not recognise electrical
substations - now partly addressed. Additional
sentence added
– “The BCA does contain specific exemptions for HV
installations owned by electrical network operators”

BCA Building Code of Australia
• The BCA is the defining regulatory code for buildings in Australia and
covers all building types.
• It prescribes fire and building requirements to allow sufficient time for

escape and rescue of people, and to prevent the spread of fire to
adjacent premises,
• BCA does not necessarily prevent loss of the building.
• Substations generally required to continue supplying electricity even

after the loss of one item of equipment
• Up until 2012 the BCA was not specific to substations.
• Some of the BCA requirements are not appropriate to substations.
• The BCA does not deal with explosions which can breach fire rated
walls and doors.

BCA Building Code of Australia 2012
• ENA Working Group negotiated with BCA to make

changes to BCA to recognise substations
• Changes only applicable to substations owned, and
under the control of a (licensed) Electricity network
operator and form part of an electricity supply network
• Customer HV installations not covered by these
exemptions

BCA Building Code of Australia 2012 (Cont’d)
• Amendments to 2012 BCA include following:

– A1.1 – Definitions - Electricity network substations are now defined
in the BCA
– C2.12 – Separation of Batteries - exemption for Class 8 electricity
network substations
– D1.16 – Provision for Escape - allows a ladder to be used as one
point of egress - applies only to floor areas less than 200m2
– E1.3 – Fire hydrants - allows water storage capacity for remote
substations to be reduced from 4 hours to 1 hour
– E1.5 – Sprinklers - exemption for small Class 8 electricity network
substations

BCA Building Code of Australia 2012 (Cont’d)
– F2.3 – Sanitary and other facilities - exemption for Class

8 electricity network substations
– F4.5 – Natural ventilation - exemption to min aggregate
openings for Class 8 electricity network substations
– Section J – Energy Efficiency - various exemptions re air
conditioning, mechanical ventilation, artificial lighting,
maintenance and monitoring

Electrical Protection
Section 7 AS2067 Protection, control and auxiliary
systems
– Electrical Protection first line of defense fire and explosion.
– High speed and dependable protection enhances defence.
– Coordinate fault clearing times with tank rupture withstand
characteristics
– Electrical protection will not eliminate all fires but sound
protection will minimise the incidence.
– Primary protection and Back-up protection schemes are
necessary.
Draft revision new Appendix F guide on protection
design

Conclusion
1 Reviewed some design aspects of HV

Installations
2 Presented some of the issues in the new draft
revision of AS2067
3 Matter of earthing will be dealt with in separate
presentation

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Questions ?
Professor Alex Baitch

Principal BES (Aust) Pty Ltd
PO Box 1116, Baulkham Hills NSW 1755
baitch@besaust.com.au
www.besaust.com.au
(02) 9686 4811
0412 344 821 © BES (Aust) Pty Ltd 2014 Baitch

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See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.

Design of High Voltage Installations and proposed changes to AS2067

Conference Paper · October 2014

International perspectives on demand-side integration View project

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

High Voltage Forum

© BES (Aust) Pty Ltd 2014 Baitch

• Design of a substation a multi-disciplinary activity

© BES (Aust) Pty Ltd 2014 Baitch

• Design must consider

© BES (Aust) Pty Ltd 2014 Baitch

• The purpose of AS2067 is to provide the designer

© BES (Aust) Pty Ltd 2014 Baitch

• AS 2067:2008 “Substations and high voltage

• Draft for Public Comment should now be released

© BES (Aust) Pty Ltd 2014 Baitch

• Wiring Rules AS/NZS 3000:2007 Amendment 1

© BES (Aust) Pty Ltd 2014 Baitch

• IEC 61936-1:2002 “Power Installations exceeding 1kV ac

• Parts 2 and 3 were intended to be issued for industrial

• 2nd Edition of IEC 61936-1 issued 2010 - includes industrial

• Maintenance Team MT4 reviewed 2nd Edition. Amendment

• IEC 61936-2 now allocated to deal with HV DC Installations

• (b) The high voltage parts of an power station

• (c) The high voltage parts of an electrical installation that

So all HV installations are covered by this standard other than

© BES (Aust) Pty Ltd 2014 Baitch

© BES (Aust) Pty Ltd 2014 Baitch

• EL043 “High Voltage Installations” is working

© BES (Aust) Pty Ltd 2014 Baitch

© BES (Aust) Pty Ltd 2014 Baitch

© BES (Aust) Pty Ltd 2014 Baitch

© BES (Aust) Pty Ltd 2014 Baitch

– Indoor distribution substations within high rise,

© BES (Aust) Pty Ltd 2014 Baitch

© BES (Aust) Pty Ltd 2014 Baitch

– Kiosk or padmount transformer distribution substations,

© BES (Aust) Pty Ltd 2014 Baitch

© BES (Aust) Pty Ltd 2014 Baitch

© BES (Aust) Pty Ltd 2014 Baitch

• Section 3 of AS2067 deals with insulation

© BES (Aust) Pty Ltd 2014 Baitch

• Section 4 of AS2067 deals with equipment issues.

© BES (Aust) Pty Ltd 2014 Baitch

Important section dealing with range of issues

a) Protection against direct contact

© BES (Aust) Pty Ltd 2014 Baitch

Deflagration - instant fire

© BES (Aust) Pty Ltd 2014 Baitch

Oil spillage outside of bund

Transformer tank split

Madrid Substation fire

• Considerable work has been undertaken in this area

© BES (Aust) Pty Ltd 2014 Baitch

100 ≤ 1000 litre G1 = 1 G2 = 6 G3 = 1 G4 = 4.5

© BES (Aust) Pty Ltd 2014 Baitch

© BES (Aust) Pty Ltd 2014 Baitch

• Draft standard includes new diagrams for

© BES (Aust) Pty Ltd 2014 Baitch

• Section 5 of AS2067 deals with requirements for

© BES (Aust) Pty Ltd 2014 Baitch

© BES (Aust) Pty Ltd 2014 Baitch

Draft standard will correct diagram