E-commerce 

(electronic commerce) is the activity of electronically buying or selling of products on online services or

over the Internet. E-commerce draws on technologies such as mobile commerce, electronic funds transfer, supply chain
management, Internet marketing, online transaction processing, electronic data interchange (EDI), inventory
management systems, and automated data collection systems. E-commerce is in turn driven by the technological
advances of the semiconductor industry, and is the largest sector of the electronics industry.
E-commerce typically uses the web for at least a part of a transaction's life cycle although it may also use other
technologies such as e-mail. Typical e-commerce transactions include the purchase of products (such as books
from Amazon) or services (such as music downloads in the form of digital distribution such as iTunes Store).[1] There are
three areas of e-commerce: online retailing, electronic markets, and online auctions. E-commerce is supported
by electronic business.

Feachers of e - commers - 1 Ubiquitous in nature -The customer limit of a real business is limited to the city
where it is located, whereas the reach of an eCommerce business is global. Ecommerce encourages customers
to buy things from any corner of the world.Because of the ubiquitous nature of the eCommerce business, the
working hours and geographical boundaries of catering increases. People can connect to an eCommerce
business in the availability of the internet. 2 -Large customer reach-Ecommerce businesses have reached to the
customers living all around the world. Internet reaches national boundaries. Ecommerce provides
an opportunity to businessmen to cater to the customers seamlessly without being limited by cultural and national
boundaries.Ecommerce marketplace has the potential to reach millions of worldwide customers. 3- Universal
standard-One of the most essential features of an eCommerce business is the universal acceptability of the
website. An eCommerce website must work upon the universally accepted systems and methods. Maintaining
global standards helps the users of an eCommerce website to use the website efficiently.4 Interactive platform-
Another important feature of an eCommerce business is its interactivity. Interactivity means the two-way
communication between the users of the eCommerce website and businesses. Customers feel easy to purchase
from the websites where they can interact before, after, and even during the purchase.5Rich in content and
information-The richness of content and information means the content and information can be provided in the
form of audio, video, and images on the website.For example, a customer will be impressed more if there is a
video available on the website containing the information about the features of the products and information
about how to use it or a hyperlink to the blog post explaining the uses of the product.

S.No.TRADITIONAL COMMERCE E-COMMERCE

Traditional commerce refers to the commercial
transactions or exchange of information, buying
or selling product/services from person to
01. person without use of internet.
In traditional commerce it is difficult to establish
02. and maintain standard practices.
In traditional commerce direct interaction
03. through seller and buyer is present.
Traditional commerce is carried out by face to
04. face, telephone lines or mail systems.
In traditional commerce processing of
05. transaction is manual.
In traditional commerce delivery of goods is
06. instant.
07. Its accessibility is for limited time in a day.
Traditional commerce is done where digital
08. network is not reachable.
Traditional commerce is a older method of
business style which comes under traditional
09. business.
10. Its resource focuses on supply side.
E-commerce refers to the commercial
transactions or exchange of information,
buying or selling product/services
electronically with the help of internet.
In e-commerce it is easy to establish and
maintain standard practices.
In e-commerce indirect interaction through
seller and buyer occurs using electronic
medium and internet.
E-commerce is carried out by internet or
other network communication technology.
In e-commerce processing of transaction is
automatic.
In e-commerce delivery of goods takes time.
Its accessibility is 24×7×365 means round
the clock.
E-commerce is used to save valuable time
and money.
E-commerce is a newer concept of business
style which comes under e-business.
Its resource focuses on demand side.
Important Elements of E-Commerce 1. Customer Experience -Brands can't underestimate the
importance of user experience when designing or revamping a user-friendly e-commerce website design.
"We're no longer in the business of selling products; we're in the business of selling experiences," said
Brad Rencher, Adobe's EVP and GM of digital, stated during a recent Adobe event, according to Direct
Marketing News.Research from eConsultancy even found that nearly three-quarters (74%) of businesses
think that user experience plays a primary role in improving sales and bottom-line revenue. Respondents
to the User Experience Survey Report also stated that a better UX would lead to increased customer
satisfaction and loyalty, as well as an overall stronger brand.  2. Back-end Integration -Today's e-
commerce websites and online stores need to function with exceptional agility and seamless
performance if brands want to keep users engaged throughout the research and checkout process. With
so many ways to buy products and services, consumers will quickly turn away from a website that takes
too much time to load or cannot process a given request.Additionally, brands that invest in back-end
engineering for their e-commerce platforms and ecommerce sites will have a major competitive
advantage in a marketplace where time is of the essence for customers at every phase of the buyer
journey. When inventories, credit card transaction software, web content, and other back-end systems
are all coordinated properly, the ecommerce store will simply perform better, creating a great experience
for everyone who visits. 3. Digital Marketing -Even with a great set of products, a compelling visual
design and a perfectly engineered homepage and website, an e-commerce business will struggle to
maximize its profits without a complete digital marketing strategy. Organizations need to attract visitors
to their websites, qualify leads, spark their interest with personalized communications, and close the
deal over a wide range of channels and devices.In other words, a successful digital marketing strategy is
a massive undertaking, and brands need to approach this area of e-commerce as they would any other.
Search engine optimization (SEO), social commerce, and content marketing are just a few of the
essential elements that help a company boost awareness and engagement in their audiences today

The scope of ecommerce is expanding day by day due to the heavy number of internet users all
over the world. People are spending more time in doing online shopping for various products available
on the ecommerce platforms. Amazon offers items in almost every category to all the users.
Additionally, It also provides the best promotion and discounts whenever seasonal sales come.
The impact of e commerce is really good in all the developing countries.India has a huge population
and with increase in the internet users, the e-business expansion becomes easy. The scope of
ecommerce in India is really good for a long time online business with trending ecommerce
marketplaces. Many Sellers are joining the marketplaces like Amazon and Flipkart in order to get
more customers for their business. The traffic on these websites is in millions and Indian sellers are
seeing this as an opportunity to generate more revenue.1. Business Growth -Every business owner
wants to see growth in the business. It seems so easy when saying it, but it takes dedicated time and
effort to see the expansion. Product vendors and service providers can increase their revenue by
making a website of their own or else list the items on other e-commerce websites to reach the vast
audience. Nowadays, businesses have to operate offline and online. Online visibility of products can
generate sales as per listing optimization.2. Different Ecommerce Marketplaces -The Ecommerce
marketplaces like Amazon, Paytm, Snapdeal, Shopclues, Flipkart, etc. have their own policies to
operate in the market. By agreeing with their terms and conditions, Sellers can list the items in almost
every category they are interested in. Creating more listings in the inventory also makes it possible to
get good sales on the ecommerce platform 3. Offers and Discounts -Offers and discounts are also
one of the reasons for soar in scope of ecommerce industry. People look for huge discounts and
special promo codes when they want to shop online. 4. Fast Shipping -There are many shipping
service companies which deliver the items in a very short amount of time. However, sellers have to
pay high fees for it..5. Customer Service -Customer service is what it takes to last long in online
business. If proper service is provided to the customers then it will certainly boost the customer
satisfaction in the customers mind. As soon as the product is delivered to the customer, It is always
recommended to send the feedback and rating emails so that you can understand the user
experience and also make some changes in product improvement with feedback.6. Reach to More
Audience -The best advantage of having your own website or on the ecommerce website is that your
business is not limited to just a single place. The customers can visit your website through any part of
the world and purchase youritems or services. There are people all around the globe who regularly
shops online. Social media have played a huge role in expanding e-business7. Brand Exposure -
Brand building is an important aspect whether you are doing an offline business or online business.
Ecommerce marketplace like Amazon has a special advertising platform through which sellers can
advertise their brand not just only products. This will certainly help in brand exposure. If the seller has
done good branding on their products then It will definitely help in getting more customers coming
back again.9. B2C and B2B Offering -The scope of ecommerce has been extended to the next level
when dealing online. Sellers can offer both pricing b2b and b2b both when listing items on the e-
commerce website like Amazon. Business customers are able to see bulk pricing if they are on the
platform for bulk purchasing. In this way sellers can get both type of customers at the same
time. Some e-commerce marketplace are only designed for b2c type. Those marketplace does not
allow b2b deals on the items. The best marketplace for b2b business is Alibaba and Amazon.
However, Amazon is more concentrated towards b2c busi

of E-commerce
-ADVANTAGES OF E COMMERS - Faster Buying Process: E-commerce
has speed up the whole buying process for customers. They do not need to
visit physical outlets for shopping and can purchase products by just sitting at
their home. It saves huge times and performs faster transactions. Eliminates
Operating Cost: It has reduced the overall operating cost of businesses. E-
commerce has eliminated the need of opening physical outlets by the
business. For operating an outlet, there are huge expenses in terms of rent,
utilities, various bills, and staff salaries. It saves all these expenses and
operates all business activities through an online website.Personalize
Shopping Experience: E-commerce enables customers in enjoying
personalized shopping experience. Customers can search for a large variety
of products as per their choice and needs without any restrictions. Online
business shows products to customers according to their interest and their
location.  Available 24×7: Online shopping facility is available at all the time
that is 24 hours a day and 7 days a week. This is one of the major advantages
of e-commerce that customers can access online products at any time. Unlike
physical outlets, there is no official opening and closing time here.Connects
far and wide: Online businesses are able to reach and connect to customers
at far distant places with no geographical limits. People can place their orders
from any place and get their orders delivered at their location. Detailed
Product Information: Peoples can acquire a full description in detail
regarding the products online. It gives full information so that customers can
make a comparison with other products easily and choose the best
one.Retargets the Customers: Online shopping has made it easy for a
business to retargets their customers. The electronic business acquires vast
information about their customers while they are doing their shopping online.
Customers can be contacted from time to time by sending them personalized
emails, messages, coupons and discounts offers.
 Disadvantages of e commers
 Lack of Personal Touch: Customers lack the facility of touching and feeling
products in case of online shopping. They are sometimes more satisfied by
purchasing at physical outlets by properly checking the product before buying.
No Guarantee about Product Quality: Customers cannot get ensured
regarding the quality of products available online. They may be cheated by
companies and receive faulty products.
 Security Issues: Customers may lose their essential credentials while
shopping online. There are various hackers over the internet which may steal
customer’s data and may cause great loss to them. 
 Long Delivery Period: Another major disadvantage of online shopping is that
customers need to wait for longer time periods for getting their products
 delivered. In the case of offline shopping, customers get on-spot delivery of
their products.Cannot try before Buying: Customers cannot take a trial of
products before purchasing when they are doing online shopping. They don’t
have a facility of negotiating the prices and cannot acquire better information
regarding usage and features of the product as in case of the physical outlet
where salesperson interacts directly.
DIFFERENT TYPE OF E- COMMERS - Generally speaking, when we think of e-
commerce, we think of an online commercial transaction between a supplier and a
client. However, and although this idea is right, we can be more specific and actually
divide e-commerce into six major types, all with different characteristics.
There are 6 basic types of e-commerce:
1. Business-to-Business (B2B)
2. Business-to-Consumer (B2C)
3. Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C)
4. Consumer-to-Business (C2B).
5. Business-to-Administration (B2A)
6. Consumer-to-Administration (C2A

1 Business-to-Business (B2B) e-commerce encompasses all electronic

transactions of goods or services conducted between companies.
Producers and traditional commerce wholesalers typically operate with
this type of electronic commerS
2 -B2C The Business-to-Consumer type of e-commerce is distinguished
by the establishment of electronic business relationships between
businesses and final consumers. It corresponds to the retail section of e-
commerce, where traditional retail trade normally operates.These types
of relationships can be easier and more dynamic, but also more sporadic
or discontinued. This type of commerce has developed greatly, due to
the advent of the web, and there are already many virtual stores and
malls on the Internet, which sell all kinds of consumer goods, such as
computers, software, books, shoes, cars, food, financial products, digital
publications, etc.When compared to buying retail in traditional
commerce, the consumer usually has more information available in
terms of informative content and there is also a widespread idea that
you’ll be buying cheaper, without jeopardizing an equally personalized
customer service, as well as ensuring quick processing and delivery of
your order.3. Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C)Consumer-to-Consumer
(C2C) type e-commerce encompasses all electronic transactions of
goods or services conducted between consumers. Generally, these
transactions are conducted through a third party, which provides the
online platform where the transactions are actually carried out.4.
Consumer-to-Business (C2B)In C2B there is a complete reversal of the
traditional sense of exchanging goods. This type of e-commerce is very
common in crowdsourcing based projects. A large number of individuals
make their services or products available for purchase for companies
seeking precisely these types of services or products.Examples of such
practices are the sites where designers present several proposals for a
company logo and where only one of them is selected and effectively
purchased. Another platform that is very common in this type of
commerce are the markets that sell royalty-free photographs, images,
media and design elements, such as 5. Business-to-Administration
(B2A)This part of e-commerce encompasses all transactions conducted
online between companies and public administration. This is an area that
involves a large amount and a variety of services, particularly in areas
such as fiscal, social security, employment, legal documents and
registers, etc. These types of services have increased considerably in
recent years with investments made in e-government.6. Consumer-to-
Administration (C2A)The Consumer-to-Administration model
encompasses all electronic transactions conducted between individuals
and public administration.Examples of applications includeEducation –
disseminating information, distance learning, etc.Social Security –
through the distribution of information, making payments, etc.Taxes –
filing tax returns, payments, etc.Health – appointments, information
about illnesses, payment of health services, etc.Both models involving
Public Administration (B2A and C2A) are strongly associated to the idea
of efficiency and easy usability of the services provided to citizens by the
government, with the support of information and communication
technologies.

IP/TCP- Stands for "Internet Protocol." IP

provides a standard set of rules for sending and
receiving data over the Internet. It allows devices
running on different platforms to communicate with
each other as long as they are connected to the
Internet. The Internet Protocol also provides basic
instructions for transferring packets between
devices. However, it does not actually establish
the connection or define the ordering of the
packets transmitted. These aspects are handled
by the Transmission Control Protocol, which works
in conjunction with the Internet Protocol to transfer
data between systems on the Internet. For this
reason, connections between Internet-connected
systems are often called "TCP/IP" connections.

DIFFRENCE between IP AND TCP - IP is the part

that obtains the address to which data is sent. TCP is
responsible for data delivery once that IP address has been
found.
It's possible to separate them, but there isn’t really a
point in making a difference between TCP and IP.
Because they're so often used together, “TCP/IP” and
the “TCP/IP model” are now recognized
terminology.Think of it this way: The IP address is like
the phone number assigned to your smartphone. TCP is
all the technology that makes the phone ring, and that
enables you to talk to someone on another phone. They
are different from one another, but they are also
meaningless without one another.TCP/IP stands for
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol and is a
suite of communication protocols used to interconnect
network devices on the internet. TCP/IP is also used as
a communications protocol in a private computer
network (an intranet or extranet).The entire IP suite -- a
set of rules and procedures -- is commonly referred to
as TCP/IP. TCP and IP are the two main protocols,
though others are included in the suite. The TCP/IP
protocol suite functions as an abstraction layer between
internet applications and the routing and switching
fabric.TCP/IP specifies how data is exchanged over the
internet by providing end-to-end communications that
identify how it should be broken into packets,
addressed, transmitted, routed and received at the
destination. TCP/IP requires little central management
and is designed to make networks reliable with the
ability to recover automatically from the failure of any
device on the network.The two main protocols in the IP
suite serve specific functions. TCP defines how
applications can create channels of communication
across a network. It also manages how a message is
assembled into smaller packets before they are then
transmitted over the internet and reassembled in the
right order at the destination address.

Conventional Organization Design E-enterprise

Top heavy organization structure Flat organization structure
Work & work place location at one Separation of work from work place
place location
Manual & document-based work Paperless work flows
flows
High administrative & Low overheads
management overheads
Inflexible, rigid and longer Flexible agile and responsive
business process cycles process cycles
Private business process systems Public business processes and
for self use. They are barred for systems for use by customers,
usage to customers, vendors and vendors and business partners
business partners
Low usage of technology Use internet, wireless and network
technologies
CONVENTIONAL ORGANISATION- If a traditional
organizational structure were depicted with a chart, it would
look like a pyramid. At the top of that pyramid are the CEO,
president and senior management. In the middle of the
pyramid are middle managers and lower-level managers, and
at the broad base are employees. In this structure, the top
level of the chart makes all the major decisions, which are
communicated to mid-level and low-level management. These
managers must then implement the decisions among the
rank-and-file workers. Little to no input is required or solicited
from employees, and ultimate authority rests in the hands of
those at the top of the chart.

E ENTERPRISES- In a contemporary organizational structure,

the rigid top-down model of the traditional structure is
removed in favor of teams that work on projects together.
Instead of relying on senior management to drive the work
process, the contemporary organizational design is all about
empowering employees to make decisions and implement
changes without needing the approval of supervisors. In this
type of structure, employees are given the requirements,
milestones and productivity goals of major projects, and must
determine the most efficient way to meet those goals. This
structure eliminates the vertical design of a traditional
company and gives employees ownership of the work they
perform.