FACULTY : ENGINEERING

EDITION: 02
TECHNOLOGY
LABORATORY: CIVIL
REVISION NO: 02
ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
EXPERIMENT: EFFECTIVE DATE:
WASTEWATER TREATMENT IN
ANOXIC BATCH REACTOR AMENDMENT DATE:

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

WASTEWATER ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY LABORATORY

LABORATORY INSTRUCTION SHEETS

COURSE CODE BNA 32003

EXPERIMENT CODE EXPERIMENT 3

WASTEWATER TREATMENT IN ANOXIC BATCH

EXPERIMENT TITLE
REACTOR

DATE

GROUP NO.

(1) PROF. MADYA Ts. Dr. NUR HANIS HAYATI BINTI

HAIROM
LECTURER/ INSTRUCTOR
(2) PROF. MADYA Ts. Dr. NORSHUHAILA BINTI
MOHAMED SUNAR

DATE OF REPORT SUBMISSION

RECEIVED DATE AND STAMP

COMMENTS:

TOTAL MARK (FROM RUBRIC

ASSESSMENT)
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 FACULTY : ENGINEERING
EDITION: 02
TECHNOLOGY
LABORATORY: CIVIL
REVISION NO: 02
ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
EXPERIMENT: EFFECTIVE DATE:
WASTEWATER TREATMENT IN
ANOXIC BATCH REACTOR AMENDMENT DATE:

STUDENT CODE OF ETHICS

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

I hereby declare that I have prepared this report with my own efforts. I also admit to not accept or

provide any assistance in preparing this report and anything that is in it is true.

1) Group Leader __________________________________ (Signature)

Name : __________________________________
Matrix No. : __________________________________

2) Group Member 1 ___________________________________ (Signature)

Name : ___________________________________
Matrix No : ___________________________________

3) Group Member 2 __________________________________ (Signature)

Name : __________________________________
Matrix No. : __________________________________

4) Group Member 3 __________________________________ (Signature)

Name : __________________________________
Matrix No. : __________________________________

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 FACULTY : ENGINEERING
EDITION: 02
TECHNOLOGY
LABORATORY: CIVIL
REVISION NO: 02
ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
EXPERIMENT: EFFECTIVE DATE:
WASTEWATER TREATMENT IN
ANOXIC BATCH REACTOR AMENDMENT DATE:

1.0 OBJECTIVES
a) To understand the wastewater treatment in denitrification process
b) To study the effect of food to microorganism in organic removal
c) To study the effect of mixed liquor suspended solids concentration in organic
removal
d) To study the effect of retention time in organic removal

2.0 LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of the study, student will be able to:

a) Understand the function of dentrification process for nitrogen removal

b) Understand the effect of MLSS concentration in biological treatment
c) Understand the importance of retention time for treatment process.
d) Develop their ability to work in group.

3.0 INTRODUCTION
Secondary wastewater treatment is the process of biologically removing organics from
wastewater. The objectives of secondary treatment are to reduce the biochemical oxygen
demand (BOD) and suspended solids of the effluent to acceptable levels. In some cases,
advance treatment is required to reduce the levels of specific contaminants such as nitrogen.

The process consists of three components which are (1) a biological reactor where the
microorganism are kept in a suspension and aerated, (2) a sedimentation tank or clarifier and
(3) a recycle system for returning settle solids from clarifier to the reactor.

The Integrated Biological Wastewater Treatment Pilot Plant (Model: TR30) has been
designed to demonstrate student with the process of carbon removal and nitrogen removal in
wastewater treatment. The unit is integrated with aerobic reactor, anoxic reactor and clarifier
and capable to run the treatment process in batch or continuous operation.

The unit is equipped with all the necessary instruments such as pH, temperature, dissolved
oxygen (DO) and ORP to monitor the process during the experiment

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 FACULTY : ENGINEERING
EDITION: 02
TECHNOLOGY
LABORATORY: CIVIL
REVISION NO: 02
ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
EXPERIMENT: EFFECTIVE DATE:
WASTEWATER TREATMENT IN
ANOXIC BATCH REACTOR AMENDMENT DATE:

3.1 The pH term is used to indicate the alkalinity or acidity of a substance as ranked on
a scale from 1.0 to 14.0. The acidity or alkalinity of wastewater affects both treatment
and the environment. The pH is actually the measure of the inverse concentration
of hydrogen ions and is a logarithmic scale. As pH values lower, it indicates
increasing acidity; while a high pH indicates alkalinity (a pH of 7 is neutral). The pH
of wastewater needs to remain between 6 and 9 to protect beneficial organisms.
Acids, cleaning agents and other substances that alter pH can inactive treatment
processes when they enter wastewater.

3.2 Temperature is one of the most frequently taken tests in the wastewater industry.
Accurate water temperature readings are important not only for historical purposes
but also because of its influence on chemical reaction rates, biological growth and
dissolved oxygen concentration.

3.3 The analysis of dissolved oxygen (DO) is a key test in wastewater process control.
The DO test provides information about the condition of the wastewater for the
operator to make process control decisions. A single DO test rarely reflects the
condition of a body of water. Several samples taken at different times, locations and
depths are recommended for more reliable information.

3.4 Oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) is a measurement that indicates the degree to

which a substance is capable of oxidizing or reducing another substance. Everything
that is in water has a pontential or ability and the ORP is the sum of these potentials.
ORP is measured in milivolts (mV). ORP will determine if the potential is positive
(oxidative) or negative (reductive). Negative ORP values can be thought as negative
dissolved oxygen. The more negative the ORP, the more septic. As a substance
become more oxidized, the ORP will increase. Different reaction in wastewater will
results different ORP values.

Biochemical Reaction ORP value (mV)

Nitrification +100 to +300
Aerobic BOD reduction +50 to +250
Denitrification +50 to -50
Sulfide Formation -50 to -250
Orthophosphate release -100 to -250
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EDITION: 02
TECHNOLOGY
LABORATORY: CIVIL
REVISION NO: 02
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EXPERIMENT: EFFECTIVE DATE:
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Organic Acid Formation -100 to -225

Methane Production -175 to -400

Figure 3.4.1: Wastewater Reaction and their associated ORP values

3.5 Mixed Liquor Suspended Solid (MLSS)

The combination of raw wastewater and biological mass is commonly known as Mixed
Liquor. Mixed Liqour is a mixture of raw or settled wastewater and activated sludge
within an aeration tank in the activated sludge process. Mixed Liquor Suspended Solid
(MLSS) is the concentration of suspended solids in the mixed liquor, usually expressed
in milligrams per liter (mg/L).

It is important to control the value of MLSS, since too high MLSS content may result
the process to be proned and the treatment system becomes overloaded. This causes
the dissolved oxygen content to drop with the effect that organic matters are not fully
degraded and biological ‘die off’. Conversely, if the MLSS content is too low the process
is not working efficiently and is likely to be wasting energy whilst not treating the effluent
effectively. The typical control band is 2000 to 4000 mg/L. (Partech, 2018)

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 FACULTY : ENGINEERING
EDITION: 02
TECHNOLOGY
LABORATORY: CIVIL
REVISION NO: 02
ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
EXPERIMENT: EFFECTIVE DATE:
WASTEWATER TREATMENT IN
ANOXIC BATCH REACTOR AMENDMENT DATE:

3.6 Equipment General Description

5
8

2 3
6
1

7
Figure 1: Unit Construction of Integrated Biological Wastewater Treatment Plant
(Model: TR30)

1. Control Panel 7. Rotameter for Feed Tank

2. Feed Tank, B1 8. Aerobic Tank, B2

3. Product / Secondary Clarifier, B5 9. Settling Tank

4. Anoxic Tank, B4

5. Stirrer for Aerobic Tank, M1

6. Stirrer for Anoxic Tank, M2

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 FACULTY : ENGINEERING
EDITION: 02
TECHNOLOGY
LABORATORY: CIVIL
REVISION NO: 02
ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
EXPERIMENT: EFFECTIVE DATE:
WASTEWATER TREATMENT IN
ANOXIC BATCH REACTOR AMENDMENT DATE:

4.0 INSTRUMENTS /APPARATUS / CHEMICAL / REAGENTS

4.1 Chemicals / Reagents
a) COD testing reagent
b) Waste water

4.2 Apparatus /Instruments

a) ORP meter
b) Dissolved oxygen
c) pH meter
d) Temperature meter
e) MLSS meter

5.0 PROCEDURE

5.1 General Start-Up Procedures

5.1.1 Preparation of Wastewater Sample

1. Collect of approximately 150 liters of raw wastewater sample from your nearest
wastewater treatment plant or your desired location.
Note: Permission from the authorities may be required before the sample can
be taken from the wastewater treatment plant.
2. Collect of approximately 30-40 liters of sludge from the activated sludge tank.
It requires approximately 10 liters of sludge for each experiment.
3. Take out the top lid cover of the feed tank B1 and pour in the 150 liters of raw
wastewater into the feed tank B1.
4. Aerate the raw wastewater by using membrane diffuser. Maintain and monitor
the dissolved oxygen (DO) value between 2-4 mg/L.
5. The raw wastewater and sludge must be aerate within 2 hours from the time it
is being collected. This is to avoid the sample of from being septic.
The raw wastewater and sludge can be keep for a few days provided that the
samples are continuously aerate with sufficient oxygen.
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 FACULTY : ENGINEERING
EDITION: 02
TECHNOLOGY
LABORATORY: CIVIL
REVISION NO: 02
ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
EXPERIMENT: EFFECTIVE DATE:
WASTEWATER TREATMENT IN
ANOXIC BATCH REACTOR AMENDMENT DATE:

5.1.2 Set-Up Apparatus for Anoxic Batch Reactor

1. Make sure all valves are initially close.

2. Take out the top lid cover of the anoxic tank, B4.
3. Install the stirrer M2. Put back the top lid cover of anoxic tank, B4 and place the
DO01, pH02 and ORP02 sensor on their respective port. Make sure the sensors
are immersed lower than the overflow port and tighten them properly.
4. The anoxic batch experiment is ready to use.

5.1.3 The Removal of Carbon/Nitrogen in Anoxic Batch Reactor

1. Make sure all valves are initially closed.

2. Open valve V14 and pump in 10L sludge (5 liter of anoxic sludge + 5 liter of
return activated sludge (RAS) from the wastewater) into the anoxic tank, B4,
followed by 20L of supernatant wastewater from feed tank, B1 to make up the
volume to 30L by using the peristaltic pump, P1. Set the peristaltic pump speed
to maximum (600 rpm) to expedite the filling and stop the pump when desired
volume is reached.
3. Turn on the stirrer M1 and regulate the speed to around 100-150 rpm. Maintain
the value of dissolved oxygen, DO01 between 0.2-0.5 mg/L.
4. Determine the initial value of COD, NH3-N and TSS in the reactor by taking 100
ml sample from the anoxic reactor, B4.
Note: After taking the sampling, make sure to keep the sample inside the ice
container to hibernate the bacteria and stop the reaction.
5. Monitor the pH02, ORP02, DO01 and MLSS01 value of the reactor at
appropriate interval time. The value of ORP02 should be maintained around
+50 to -50 mV, while the value of MLSS01 should be maintained around 2500-
2800 mg/L.
Note: If the value of MLSS01 is lower than 2500 mg/L, add the sludge into the
system. This is to maintain the food to microorganism (F:M) ratio inside the
reactor.
6. Take 100 ml of sample from the aerobic reactor, B2 at appropriate time interval
and analyze the value of COD, NH3-N and TSS value.
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EDITION: 02
TECHNOLOGY
LABORATORY: CIVIL
REVISION NO: 02
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7. Stop the process when the desired retention time is achieved.

8. Follow the general shut down procedure, when the experiment is finished.

5.1.4 Shut-Down Procedures

1. Drain the wastewater from feed tank, B1 and anoxic tank, B4 by opening valve.
V1 and V11. Close back valve V1 and V11, when the draining is finished.
2. Pour in the tap water into the feed tank, B1 and anoxic tank, B4 and clean the
tank with soap /detergent.
3. Switch on the peristaltic pump, P1 by opening valve V14 to flush the remaining
wastewater inside the pipes.
4. Drain all the water by opening valve V1 and V11 and close back the valve,
when the draining is finished.

6.2 Chemical Oxygen Demand Analysis

• COD Procedure

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EDITION: 02
TECHNOLOGY
LABORATORY: CIVIL
REVISION NO: 02
ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
EXPERIMENT: EFFECTIVE DATE:
WASTEWATER TREATMENT IN
ANOXIC BATCH REACTOR AMENDMENT DATE:

7.0 RESULTS & DISCUSSIONS

Operating Parameter for Anoxic Reactor

Time
No Picture of sample
(min)

3
4

8.0 ANALYSIS
Please analyse the data and results obtained in this experiment

9.0 DISCUSSIONS
Discuss your results both on the basis of any theory presented and on their relevance
to practical applications and current industrial practise. Comment on the variation of
your results and compare them with the recommended standard values from the
Department of Environment, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment or other
international organization such as EPA, WHO, EC, etc.

10.0 ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS

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 FACULTY : ENGINEERING
EDITION: 02
TECHNOLOGY
LABORATORY: CIVIL
REVISION NO: 02
ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
EXPERIMENT: EFFECTIVE DATE:
WASTEWATER TREATMENT IN
ANOXIC BATCH REACTOR AMENDMENT DATE:

1. What is the process name involved in anoxic reactor and what is the reactions
formula?

2. Who is responsible for wastewater treatment maintenance/operation in Malaysia

and what are their job scopes?

3. What standard does Malaysia use of discharge of wastewater and its parameter
quality?

4. Calculate the food to microorganism (F/M) in the anoxic batch reactor and discuss the
effect of F/M to microorganism in organic removal.

5. Explain the effect of mixed liquor suspended solids concentration in the anoxic
reactor.

6. Discuss on how to improve the effectiveness of the organic removal in the anoxic
batch reactor.

11.0 CONCLUSION
Conclusion is merely a summary, presented in a logical order, of the important findings
already reported in the discussion section. It also relates to the objectives stated
earlier.

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 FACULTY : ENGINEERING
EDITION: 02
TECHNOLOGY
LABORATORY: CIVIL
REVISION NO: 02
ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
EXPERIMENT: EFFECTIVE DATE:
WASTEWATER TREATMENT IN
ANOXIC BATCH REACTOR AMENDMENT DATE:

Prepared by/Disediakan oleh : Approved by/Disahkan oleh :

Signature/Tandatangan : Signature/Tandatangan :

Name/Nama : Nur Hanis Hayati Hairom Name/Nama :

Date/Tarikh : 10 Oct 2022 Date/ Tarikh :

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