A PRELIMINARY REPORT ON

EVALUATING AND SOLVING PROBLEMS IN CANAL

IRRIGATION SYSTEM USING MACHINE LEARNING

SUBMITTED TO THE SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY, PUNE

IN THE PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS
FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE

OF

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING (COMPUTER ENGINEERING)

SUBMITTED BY

STUDENT NAME EXAM NO:

TEJAL PATIL C43346
OMKAR JADHAV C43341
RUTUJA PADALKAR C43342
MADHURA MAHAJAN C42333

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING

STES’S SMT. KASHIBAI NAVALE COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

VADGAON BK, OFF SINHGAD ROAD, PUNE 411041

SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY

2022-2023

SKNCOE, Department of Computer Engineering, 2022-2023

 This is to certify that the project report entitled

“EVALUATING AND SOLVING PROBLEMS IN CANAL IRRIGATION SYSTEM

USING MACHINE LEARNING”

Submitted by

STUDENT NAME EXAM NO:

Tejal Patil C43345
Omkar Jadhav C43341
Rutuja Padalkar C43342
Madhura Mahajan C42333

is a bonafide student of this institute and the work has been carried out by him/her under the
supervision of Prof. S. S. Bhong and it is approved for the partial fulfillment of the
requirement of Savitribai Phule Pune University, for the award of the degree of Bachelor of
Engineering (Computer Engineering).

(Prof. S.S. Bhong) (Prof. R. H. Borhade)

Guide Head,
Department of Computer Engineering Department of Computer Engineering

(Dr. A. V. Deshpande)
Principal,
Smt.Kashibai Navale College of Engineering Pune – 41

Place: Pune

Date: 17/10/2022

SKNCOE, Department of Computer Engineering, 2022-2023

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We want to specially thank our respected internal guide Prof. S.S. Bhong for his guidance
and encouragement which has helped us to achieve our goal. His valuable advice helped us to
complete our project successfully.

Our Head of Department Prof. R.H. Borhade has also been very helpful and we appreciate
the support he provided us. He also gave us valuable inputs during our work.

We would like to convey our gratitude to Dr. K.R. Borole (Vice Principal) and Dr. A.V.
Deshpande (Principal) all the teaching and non-teaching staff members of the Computer
Engineering Department who gave us the freedom to explore and guided us the right way, also
our friends and families for their valuable suggestions and support.

NAME OF THE STUDENTS

TEJAL PATIL
OMKAR JADHAV
RUTUJA PADALKAR
MADHURA MAHAJAN

SKNCOE, Department of Computer Engineering, 2022-2023

 ABSTRACT

With the advancement in technology, there are so many enhancements in the Irrigation
sector. The number of applications is increasing every day for safety and ease of irrigation
development. Many irrigation projects were constructed in India post-Independence period
spending huge resources. However, there is a gap between irrigation potential created (IPC) and
irrigation potential utilized (IPU). This report denotes the detailed information about canal
irrigation system (CIS) and its problem. The problems related to CIS has never been focused
before. This report portrays the system which is built to solve these problems. It has all the
features of system which will help beneficiaries to access their facilities. This report suggests
that the implementation of system can solve lots of problems related to CIS.

SKNCOE, Department of Computer Engineering, 2022-2023

 TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER TITLE PAGE NO.

01 Introduction
1.1 Motivation
1.2 Problem Definition
02 Literature Survey
2.1 Sinchan Bhavan Visit
04 Software Requirement Specifications
3.1 Introduction
3.1.1 Project Scope
3.1.2 User Classes and Characteristics
3.1.3 Assumptions and Dependencies
3.2 Functional Requirements
3.2.1 System Feature 1
3.2.2 System Feature 2
3.2.3 Golden Feature
3.3 Non-Functional Requirement
3.3.1 User Interface
3.3.2 Safety Requirements
3.3.3 Security Requirements
3.3.4 Software Quality Attributes
3.4 System Requirements
3.4.1 Software Requirements
3.4.2 Hardware Requirements
3.5 Analysis Model: SDLC Model
3.6 System Implementation Plan
04 System Design
4.1 System Architecture
4.2 Data Flow Diagrams
4.3 Entity Relationship Diagram
4.4 UML Diagram
05 Other Specifications
5.1 Advantages
5.2 Technical Risks
5.3 Applications
5.4 Positive Impact of our system
06 Conclusion & Future work

SKNCOE, Department of Computer Engineering, 2022-2023

 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

ABBREVIATIONS ILLUSTRATIONS

ML Machine Learning
AI Artificial Intelligence
CNN Convocation Neural Network
SVM Support vector Machine
SDLC Software Development Life Cycle

SKNCOE, Department of Computer Engineering, 2022-2023

 LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE NO. TITLE PAGE NO.

01 Layout of Canal System

02 Hierarchy of Irrigation Department
03 Golden Feature
04 SDLC Waterfall Model
05 System Architecture
06 DFD Level 0
07 DFD Level 1
08 DFD Level 2
09 UML Diagram

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE NO. TITLE PAGE

NO.

01 System Implementation Plan

SKNCOE, Department of Computer Engineering, 2022-2023

 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

A canal is an artificial channel that is constructed to carry water to the fields to perform
irrigation. The water is taken either from the river, tank or reservoirs. The canals can be
constructed either by means of concrete, stone, brick or any sort of flexible membrane which
solves the durability issues like seepage and erosion.

The figure below shows the general layout of a canal distribution system depicting the
different networks of canals constituting a canal irrigation system. Whatever be the irrigation
scheme i.e., direct irrigation using weir or a barrage and storage irrigation scheme like dams or
reservoir, both demand a network of irrigation canals of various sizes and capacities. Hence the
canal system comprises of:

1. Main Canal
2. Branch Canal
3. Distributaries or major distributaries
4. Minors or minor distributaries
5. Watercourses

SKNCOE, Department of Computer Engineering, 2022-2023

 Figure No-01 Layout of the Canal System

The main objective of implementing this system is controlling the Water Circulation,
Increasing Canal water supply iteration and the Canal maintenance, solving and helping the
governments through Technical Problems, reducing the manually caused water losses in the
system, recusing the seepage and the leakage, Overtopping and also reduce Canal erosion.

In this project we are going to develop an application, wherein the beneficiaries who have
opted for the usage of canal water can do the bill payments regarding the same and can also
register a complaint if they find out that the water is illegally being used by the people who have
not opted for the same. Our application will be designed in such a way that it will be easy for
local farmers to use. They have to sign up by filling all the required information provided. They
can register this complaint through our application by uploading the geotagged images, which
will then be verified by the administration and they can take necessary actions against the people
using water illegally.

Also, whenever the water will be supplied from any dam, the notification of the same i.e, time
and quantity of water will be informed to all the canal villages through this app. They can then
predict the time when water will reach their villages. And if the water doesn't reach, the can
register the complaint regarding the same on our app.

SKNCOE, Department of Computer Engineering, 2022-2023

1.1 MOTIVATION

Water is one of the non-renewable sources on Earth so to reduce its wastage, we are taking
measurable steps through this project. We want to reduce problems caused to most of the
farmers, beneficiaries by giving them sophisticated usage of the Canal Irrigation System. This
problem has not been focused till date. Reducing the problems to increase canal irrigation
benefits.

Machine Learning, which is one of artificial intelligence methods, has been introduced for
various tasks. Machine learning systems can classify datasets automatically, and with the use of
multilayer convolutional neural networks (CNN) they can deeply-learn the features contained
within data. They have been used effectively for image-based automated diagnosis in various
fields. When training image datasets are input into a machine learning system, the learning
procedures are repeated automatically, without requiring manual definition of the imaging
characteristics of the lesions. In this way, deep learning methods are able to learn adaptive image
features and simultaneously perform image classification.

SKNCOE, Department of Computer Engineering, 2022-2023

1.2 PROBLEM DEFINITION

“EVALUATING AND SOLVING PROBLEM RELATED TO CANAL IRRIGATION

USING MACHINE LEARNING “

The main idea of this project is developing an application for solving the problem related to
leakages in the canal system. Machine learning, a subset of Artificial Intelligence, is used for
training the model to identify and classify the geo-tagged pictures that will be uploaded by the
beneficiaries.

SKNCOE, Department of Computer Engineering, 2022-2023

 CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW

Canal irrigation is widely used source

of water for
irrigation. So management of irrigation
canal water is crucial
factor in overall irrigation development.
The conventional
method is used to deliver water as per
demand by the water
users (farmers) in form of rotations. The
conventional system
involves lot of weaknesses, including
forecast and actual flow
or discharge [2]. Errors may introduce in
flow measurements

SKNCOE, Department of Computer Engineering, 2022-2023

and water content in reservoirs, also
imbalances due to human
and natural intervention are not
considered in the conventional
system. Due to this, users at the tail end
endure more or
shortage water. To provide efficient
delivery and avert
imbalance, canal automation plays
crucial role in irrigation
Canal irrigation is widely used source
of water for
irrigation. So management of irrigation
canal water is crucial
factor in overall irrigation development.
The conventional
method is used to deliver water as per
demand by the water

SKNCOE, Department of Computer Engineering, 2022-2023

users (farmers) in form of rotations. The
conventional system
involves lot of weaknesses, including
forecast and actual flow
or discharge [2]. Errors may introduce in
flow measurements
and water content in reservoirs, also
imbalances due to human
and natural intervention are not
considered in the conventional
system. Due to this, users at the tail end
endure more or
shortage water. To provide efficient
delivery and avert
imbalance, canal automation plays
crucial role in irrigation
Canal irrigation is widely used source of water for irrigation. So, management of irrigation
canal water is crucial factor in overall irrigation development. The conventional method is used
to deliver water as per demand by the water users (farmers) in form of rotations. The
conventional system involves lot of weaknesses, including forecast and actual flow or discharge.
Errors may introduce in flow measurements and water content in reservoirs, also imbalances due
to human and natural intervention are not considered in the conventional system. Due to this,

SKNCOE, Department of Computer Engineering, 2022-2023

users at the tail end endure more or shortage water. To provide efficient delivery and avert
imbalance, canal automation plays crucial role in irrigation.

Most of the researchers worked on delivery and flow control. Mahesh Nandania has
addressed some practical problems occurred in operation of gates. The system controls canal gate
with PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) and VFD (Variable Frequency Drive) system and
monitors with Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system. Mandavia has
mentioned about operation system in India, water delivery practices, need of operational
management system, modernization by canal automation system and present status. Magad et al.
have mentioned the system was implemented on major canal at Nile River in Egypt using Allen
Bradley PLC. It included remote monitoring and control at all locations from central control.
Bautista et al. have mentioned canal automation system at Salt River Project was based on
demand and service. Main strategy in this system was to maintain water levels close to target
levels. Most of the gates were operated manually but some of these were automated. Scheduled
changes handled effectively with feedforward and feedback control logic combination. Ding et
al. have used combination of PID (Proportional Integral Derivative) controller with fuzzy control
for canal automation. the automated canal operation is done through programming by Deshmukh
et al. using Crouzet PLC. Manuel Rijo has developed two local PI (Proportional Integral)
automatic control modes namely upstream and downstream using PLC. Donia has proposed
computeraided control system for fresh and drainage water which could be successfully monitor
and control the flow.

In this paper we have proposed a system for solving the problem related to leakages in the
canal system. Machine learning, a subset of Artificial Intelligence, is used for training the model
to identify and classify the geo-tagged pictures that will be uploaded by the beneficiaries. In this
project we are going to develop an application, wherein the beneficiaries who have opted for the
usage of canal water can do the bill payments regarding the same and can also register a
complaint if they find out that the water is illegally being used by the people who have not opted
for the same. Our application will be designed in such a way that it will be easy for local farmers
to use. They have to sign up by filling all the required information provided. They can register
this complaint through our application by uploading the geotagged images, which will then be

SKNCOE, Department of Computer Engineering, 2022-2023

verified by the administration and they can take necessary actions against the people using water
illegally.

2.1 SINCHAN BHAWAN VISIT

SKNCOE, Department of Computer Engineering, 2022-2023

 CHAPTER 3
SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATIONS

3.1 INTRODUCTION

SKNCOE, Department of Computer Engineering, 2022-2023

 A canal is an artificial channel that is constructed to carry water to the fields to perform
irrigation. The water is taken either from the river, tank or reservoirs. The canals can be
constructed either by means of concrete, stone, brick or any sort of flexible membrane which
solves the durability issues like seepage and erosion. In this project we are going to develop an
application, wherein the beneficiaries who have opted for the usage of canal water can do the bill
payments regarding the same and can also register a complaint if they find out that the water is
illegally being used by the people who have not opted for the same. Our application will be
designed in such a way that it will be easy for local farmers to use. They must sign up by filling
all the required information provided. They can register this complaint through our application
by uploading the geotagged images, which will then be verified by the administration and they
can take necessary actions against the people using water illegally.

3.1.1 PROJECT SCOPE

Leakage and loss of water through canals is the major problem which leads to the scarcity of
water in India. Loss of water may be due to natural causes or man-made causes. Natural causes
include the evaporation of water, which cannot be stopped and man-made loss includes the
cracks in the pipes connecting canal waters and illegal use of water from the canals. Many
farmers in India have applied to the government for the use of canal water for irrigation in their
farms, which is possible after paying an appropriate amount to the government. Earlier this
amount was paid to the land lords of the respective village, who would charge double the
amount. But our app makes it possible for the beneficiaries to make the bill payment directly to
the respective government. Also, it generates the payment receipt. After the bill payment the
respective beneficiaries are permitted to use the canal water through proper means. But many
times it is observed by the beneficiaries that the farmers / landlords who have not applied for the
canal water usage are also using the water in an illegal manner. The actual beneficiaries can now
click the geotag picture of the farms utilizing water illegally and can upload them on our app
which will directly connect them to the higher authorities.

SKNCOE, Department of Computer Engineering, 2022-2023

 Also, currently there is a big hierarchy of authorities sitting at different positions which makes
it difficult for the beneficiaries to contact and reach the proper authority, also the corruption
increases due to this hierarchy. Our application also makes it possible for the beneficiaries to
directly connect to the respective authorities. The figure below shows the hierarchy of the
Irrigation Department in Maharashtra.

Figure No-02 Hierarchy of Irrigation department

3.1.2 UPPER CLASSES AND CHARACTERISTICS

The main user that is being targeted through this app are the local farmer beneficiaries. The
major problem they face is the lack of water for irrigation in their farms. The government has
given the water subsidiary to beneficiaries’ water the appropriate payment. But sometimes it is

SKNCOE, Department of Computer Engineering, 2022-2023

observed that the people who haven’t applied for the same are also getting the water illegally.
Our app makes it possible to register complaints against such people. Also, it is possible for
making payments for these subsidiaries which will also generate the payment receipt. Also, our
app makes it possible to get in touch with the higher authorities of the irrigation department.

Characteristics:

The user must be comfortable in operating the application. Our app provides both the languages
i.e., English and Marathi.

App developers are responsible for maintaining the app and correct working of our application.
Administrator is responsible for software fixes in case of any bugs if found and regular
maintenance.

3.1.3 ASSUMPTIONS AND DEPENDENCIES

One of our assumptions is that our designed application will be used by android users only, it
will not be suitable for Apple products. Designing and building an application for Apple
products is a completely different approach and can be explored in future.

The complaints will be verified if and only if the pictures are uploaded in the geotag format.
Also, this application is limited only in Maharashtra.

3.2 FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS

3.2.1 SYSTEM FEATURE 1

SKNCOE, Department of Computer Engineering, 2022-2023

 Users must enter the following details inside the application which will act as our input
parameters to our trained algorithm and will predict the output result. User must enter the
following information:
1. User Name
2. User location
3. User I’d proof
4. Bill of payment for the usage of canal water
5. Geotagged photos - for registering complaints

3.2.2 SYSTEM FEATURES 2

1. Administration System.
2. System for beneficiaries with login id password.
3. Online payment system.
4. Online receipt generation.
5. Transparency of all the land owners taking advantage of the canals.
6. Landowners can raise voice against other landowners using proofs those who are taking
disadvantages.
7. Geo tagging so that no fake reports will be filed.
8. Direct communication of landowners with the higher authorities.
9. Water released notifications for every beneficiary mentioned with the estimated dates.

3.2.3 GOLDEN FEATURE OF OUR SYSTEM

1. The administration can map the fields all around the canal with the respective areas
marked with boundaries. This will be done with the help of drones and satellite images.

SKNCOE, Department of Computer Engineering, 2022-2023

 2. The lands for which the landowners have paid for will turn green. And those who haven’t
taken the subscription will turn in red color.

Figure No - 03 Golden Feature

3.3 NON-FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS

3.3.1 USER INTERFACE

User Interface Requirements is a type of non-functional requirement which needs to be

fulfilled by the application or any software.

SKNCOE, Department of Computer Engineering, 2022-2023

 User Interface should follow following qualities:
1. Simplicity: User Interface design should be simple. It must have a minimum
number of steps that are required to accomplish a task.
2. Consistency: User interface should have more consistency in itself. Consistency
also prevents online designers’ information chaos, ambiguity and instability.
3. Intuitiveness: The most important quality of good user interface is intuitive.
Intuitive user interface design is one that is easy to learn so that users can pick it
up quickly and easily.
4. Prevention: A good user interface design should prevent users from performing an
in-appropriate task and this is accomplished by disabling or “graying cut” certain
elements under certain conditions.
5. Forgiveness: This quality can encourage users to use the software to a full extent.
6. Graphical User Interface Design: A graphic user interface design provides screen
displays that create an operating environment for the user and form an explicit
visual and functional context for user’s actions.
7. Familiarity: Familiarity is the degree to which a user recognizes user interface
components and views their interaction as natural.

3.3.2 SAFETY REQUIREMENTS

The Data which is collected in the format of images with Geo-tag needs to be in the correct
form. So, the safety and awareness of the image-data is necessary. Also, because the Government
takes actions based on this data which is in the form of Images.

SKNCOE, Department of Computer Engineering, 2022-2023

3.3.3 SECURITY REQUIREMENTS

A security requirement is a goal set out for an application at its inception. Every application
fits a need or a requirement. It is a statement of needed security functionality that ensures one of
many different security properties of software is being satisfied. A software security requirement
should be much like a functionality requirement; it shouldn’t be vague or unattainable. Following
are some of the fundamental security requirements/principles:
1. Confidentiality: preserve the access control and disclosure restrictions on
information. Guarantee that no one will break the rules of personal privacy and
proprietary information.
2. Integrity: avoid the improper (unauthorized) information modification or
destruction. Here is included to ensure non-repudiation and information
authenticity.
3. Availability: the information must be available to access and use all the time and
with reliable access. Certainly, it just must be true for those who have the right of
access.

Summarizing, the security requirements must cover areas such as:

● Authentication and password management.
● Authorization and role management.
● Audit logging and analysis.
● Network and data security.
● Code integrity and validation testing.
● Cryptography and key management.
● Data validation and sanitization.
3.3.4 SOFTWARE QUALITY ATTRIBUTES

Software Quality Attributes are features that facilitate the measurement of performance of a
software product by Software Testing professionals. It includes attributes such as availability,
interoperability, correctness, reliability, learnability, robustness, maintainability, readability,
extensibility, testability, etc.

SKNCOE, Department of Computer Engineering, 2022-2023

Following are the quality attributes which are required for our system:

1. Usability: The system should be user friendly and self-explanatory. Proposed

system is Flexible, Robust, and easily Testable.

2. Reliability: Software/System Reliability is an important attribute of software

quality. System Reliability is hard to achieve, because the complexity of the
system tends to be high. It is the measure of how long a system/machine performs
its intended function.

3. Security: Our system provides security to the data that authorized beneficiaries
can access. This software provides security that means that only an authorized
operator will be granted rights to handle the personal data of the clients.

3.4 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS

3.4.1 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

Operating system windows 10

Android Language: Android SDK 2.3 above
Android studio

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 Python for machine learning
Java setup Java SE Development kit 8

3.4.2 HARDWARE REQUIREMENT

CPU type: Intel i5/i7

Ram size- 8gb/16gb
Hard disk capacity: 40GB
Monitor: 15-inch color monitor
Mobile: Android mobile

3.5 ANALYSIS MODEL: SDLC MODEL TO BE APPLIED

Waterfall Model:
Following project has a flow of operations in which the development of the project is done.
Following are the steps of the project:
1. Data collection and cleaning.

SKNCOE, Department of Computer Engineering, 2022-2023

2. Machine Learning Model Building.

In this process, all the operations of developing the software are sequential and are static. All
the operations take place in the order of SDLC for just one iteration. This model is preferred as it
is easy to use and there isn't any overlapping of operations in this model as required.

Waterfall Model works as follows:

Requirement Gathering and Analysis-

All possible requirements of the system to be developed are captured in this phase and
documented in a requirement specification document. In the following project, all the data
requirements are fulfilled in the beginning itself.

System Design-
The requirement specifications from the first phase are studied in this phase and the system
design is prepared. This system design helps in specifying hardware and system requirements
and helps in defining the overall system architecture.

Implementation-
With inputs from the system design, the system is first developed in small programs called units,
which are integrated in the next phase. Each unit is developed and tested for its functionality,
which is referred to as Unit Testing.

Integration and Testing

All the units developed in the implementation phase are integrated into a system after testing
of each unit. Post integration the entire system is tested for any faults and failures.

Deployment of system

SKNCOE, Department of Computer Engineering, 2022-2023

Once the functional and non-functional testing is done; the product is deployed in the customer
environment or released into the market.

Maintenance
There are some issues which come up in the client environment. To fix those issues, patches are
released. Moreover, to enhance the product some better versions are released. Maintenance is
done to deliver these changes in the customer environment.

Figure No - 04 SDLC Waterfall model

3.6 SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION PLAN

Planning is the first step involved in system implementation. It is the very basic function
which describes effectively the very basic questions of how, where and when the objectives can
be realized or it serves as a guiding framework.

SKNCOE, Department of Computer Engineering, 2022-2023

 The System Implementation plan table, shows the overall schedule of tasks compilation and
time duration required for each task.

Sr. No. Name/Title Start Date End Date

1 Preliminary Survey / Sinchan Bhawan Visit 1 08/07/2022 15/07/2022

2 Introduction and Problem Statement 05/08/2022 07/08/2022
3 Literature Survey 12/08/2022 19/08/2022
4 Project Statement 18/08/2022 19/08/2022
5 Software Requirement and Specifications 22/08/2022 08/09/2022
6 System Design 11/09/2022 15/10/2022
7 Partial Report Submission 15/10/2022 21/10/2022
8 Sinchan Bhawan Visit 2 18/11/2022 18/11/2022
9 Architecture Design
10 Implementation
11 Deployment
12 Testing
13 Paper Publish
14 Report Submission

Table No – 01 System Implementation Plan

CHAPTER 4
SYSTEM DESIGN

SKNCOE, Department of Computer Engineering, 2022-2023

4.1 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

Figure No-05 System Architecture

4.2 DATA FLOW DIAGRAM

4.2.1 LEVEL 0 DATA FLOW DIAGRAM

SKNCOE, Department of Computer Engineering, 2022-2023

1.The DFD is also called as bubble chart. It is a simple graphical formalism that can be used to
represent a system in terms of input data to the system, various processing carried out on this
data, and the output data is generated by this system.

2. Data flowcharts can range from simple, even hand-drawn process overviews, to in-depth,
multi-level DFDs that dig progressively deeper into how the data is handled. They can be used to
analyze an existing system or model a new one.

3.The data flow diagram (DFD) is one of the most important modeling tools. It is used to model
the system components. These components are the system process, the data used by the process,
an external entity that interacts with the system and the information owns in the system.

Figure No-06 DFD Level 0

4.2.2 LEVEL 1 DATA FLOW DIAGRAM

Figure 07 shows level 1 DFD. In 1-level DFD, the context diagram is decomposed into
multiple bubbles/processes. In this level, we highlight the main functions of the system and break
down the high-level process of 0-level DFD into subprocesses.

SKNCOE, Department of Computer Engineering, 2022-2023

 Figure No – 07 DFD Level 1

4.2.3 LEVEL 2 DATA FLOW DIAGRAM

Figure 07 shows level 2 DFD. 2-level DFD goes one step deeper into parts of 1-level DFD. It
can be used to plan or record the specific/necessary detail about the system’s functioning.

Figure No – 08 DFD Level 2

4.4 UML DIAGRAM

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 Figure No-08 UML Diagram

CHAPTER 5

SKNCOE, Department of Computer Engineering, 2022-2023

 OTHER SPECIFICATIONS

5.1 ADVANTAGES

1. Our system has certain advantages as follows.

2. Our system enables direct interaction with higher authorities of the Irrigation
Department.
3. This system enables beneficiaries to direct payment in the online method and
which can save time and extra money which was wasted during the offline
method.
4. Our system enables beneficiaries to upload their complaints using Geo-tags
images on the system.
5. Usage and implementation of this system on a large scale can reduce corruption.
6. The water which was being wasted will now be saved which will help in capital
resource management which can be used in other infrastructure development.

5.2 TECHNICAL RISKS

1. System Failures,
2. Login errors,
3. Geotagging images failed while uploading,
4. Complaints Registration,
5. Database Failure,
6. Prediction Failures,
7. Farmers may face network gaps.

SKNCOE, Department of Computer Engineering, 2022-2023

5.3 APPLICATIONS

1. Economic Growth

The development of the irrigated land is meant to ensure there are increased yields and a
reduction of crop loss due to famine. Irrigation is also meant to bring about more land
under agriculture and to promote products all year round. This will boost the economic
gains through the sale of farm products. The availability of more farm outputs and inputs
that can be.

2. Food Security

There is set to be an increase in the quantity of food produced once the project is
operationalized. Excess of water leading to the damage of crops will be avoided and
accurate quantities of water will be supplied and sold in markets available will lead to a
reduction in the poverty levels of many households. The increase in agricultural
production will lead to a subsequent increase in the revenue for farmers within the project
area and there are meant to be several positive results such as the growth and expansion
of the local markets, reduction of the poverty levels in the area, improved food security
and a significant rise of the living standards of the people in project areas.

3. Improved Infrastructure

All the capital which was being wasted in improving the irrigation system can now be
used for improving the other infrastructure facilities.

4. Reduced Corruption

This system will directly give leakage and malpractices to the government authority. The
authorities concerned at the root level may not be able to practice kind of corruptions or
favor anyone.

SKNCOE, Department of Computer Engineering, 2022-2023

 5. Reduce illegal supply of water

The farmers who have applied for the irrigation facilities will now get all the facilities
concerned. And those who haven't applied but still get water illegally will be avoided.

5.4 POSITIVE IMPACT OF OUR SYSTEM

1. Water released after every iteration is saved and used for civilization purposes.
2. As per the estimated dates farmers can get an idea to spread the fertilizers for e.g. Urea in
their field so that the crop does not get hampered.
3. In case of any natural leakages for e.g. seepages through the walls of canals immediate
action by the government will be taken.
4. As water will be continuously present in the canals no risk for plants to grow inside.

SKNCOE, Department of Computer Engineering, 2022-2023

 CHAPTER 6
CONCLUSION & FUTURE WORK

Through this application we aim to overcome the problems, we aim to develop an application
which is beneficial for both the farmers and the Government authorities of water irrigation.
The main features provided by the system are:
1. Administration System.
2. System for beneficiaries.
3. Online payment system.
4. Water release notification for every benefit.
5. Geotagged photos for registering complaints.
6. Direct communication of landowners with the higher authorities.

In the future, this application can be improved and integrated. The system is based on the
previous training data but in the future, it is possible to make changes to software, which can
accept new testing data and should also take part in training data. Also in the future we can work
towards creating a Mac Application. In the future if it is observed that the application is working
properly for our region, we can also help the Government of Maharashtra and Government of
India to use this app and design it on a large scale. This will help us solve the water scarcity
problems in India.

SKNCOE, Department of Computer Engineering, 2022-2023

 CHAPTER 7
REFERENCES

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Research Technology ISSN No: -2456 –2165, Volume 3, Issue 2, February – 2020.

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Induction Motor with PLC and VFD, Powered by Solar System and Monitoring by
SCADA,” International Journal of Emerging Trends in Electrical and Electronic, Vol. 1,
Issue. 1, March - 2013.

3. Anil B. Mandavia, “Modernization of irrigation system operational management by way of

canal automation in India,” Chief Engineer, Management Information System Sardar
Saroar Narmada Nigam Limited, Gujrath, India.

4. V. Rajendran, J. Shilpa, S. Veeravalavan, and M. Anbarasan, “Dam Automation Using

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5. Prof. Mrs. S.K. Bhatia, Navale Ravindra, Gawade Ashwini, Shisode Raghuvansh,
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7. Alejandra et al (2013) “Automated Irrigation System Using a Wireless Sensor Network

and GPRS Module”.

SKNCOE, Department of Computer Engineering, 2022-2023

8. Miguel Ayala Botto (2013) “SCADA System with Predictive Controller Applied to
Irrigation Canals”, Journal of procedia environmental sciences, pp 870-886.

9. Ravazzani G (2013) “Real Time Drought Forecasting System for Irrigation

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10. Syed Muhammad Umar Talha, Syed Sheraz Mohani, Syed Hassan Ahmed and Mansoor
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11. Mahesh Nandaniya “A Review Paper of Automatic Canal Gate Control of 3-ø Induction
Motor with PLC and VFD, Powered by Solar System and Monitoring by SCADA”
International Journal of Emerging Trends in Electrical and Electronics (IJETEE) Vol. 1,
Issue. 1, March 2013.

SKNCOE, Department of Computer Engineering, 2022-2023