Developing Early-Age Compression Test Val 1. SCOPE > 1.1 This test method covers a proce: ore for making. eunng and testing spec imens of concrete stored under condi tions intended ro measure the maturity a8 it relates to suength gain in the conc. 12. This test method also covers + procedure for using the results of early. age compressive-suength values to pro fet potential stength of concrew at Tater ages, 1.3 The values state in inch-pound ‘nits are to be regarded as the standard, LA This standard may involve hat ‘ardour materials. operations and equip. ‘ment. This siondard does not purport 1 address all of the safer problems ‘associated with its us, Iris he responsi bility of the user of this standard 10 ‘establish oppropria safery and health Practices and determine the applicability Of regulaior: imitations prior to use 2. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS 21 AASHTO Standards: 1M 205 Molds for Forming Concrete Test Cyline ers Verically 723° Making and Curing Concrete Test Speci- mens in the Field 122 Compressive Suength of Cylindrical Con crete Specimens 7141. Sampling Freshly Mixed Concrete 7126 Making and Curing Concrete Test Speci- mens in the Labora. tory 7231 Capping Cylinrical Concrete Specimens n6 Standard Method of Test or AASHTO DESIGNATION T 276.91 {ASTM DESIGNATION C 918.88) 3. TERMINOLOGY 3.1 Descriptions of Terms Specific to this Standard 3A degreeshours—The age of a concrete cylinder in hours smulped by the weighted average ambient tempera ture of that specitten. Degree-hours are ‘obiained by dividing te age imo suitable Lime intervals and the average ambient lemperature duriey that interval (see x03), 3.4.2 equation deveiopment—A pre: ction equation developed by per forming compressive suength test) at various ages, computing fing matures at the azes, and ploting the compressive strength st = funevon Of the logarithm of matuney: A best-fit line ts drawn through the data and the equation of this line i the prediedion equation. 313 line of prediction The line Tepresents the selationship between the logaith ofthe maturity of compres. sive strength specimens and the suength of those specimens 34 maturinnA measure to de. sefibe and to account for the combined effects of age and temperature on the strength of concrete. Matty Is. ex: pressed in degres-hours 3.1.6 prediction equetiom—The vation, representing the lines of predic= ‘Von, that is used to predict the potential strength of porland-cement concrete ‘from tests on compressive srength speci ‘mens at an early age 3.1.6.1. The general form ofthe pre iciow equation ts 5s where: 5. + bog M ~ tos m) ‘Su predicted potent stength of me: sty, ues and Projecting Later-Age Strengths ‘measured compressive strength a maturity, my, = slope of the prediction line, M = degree-hours. of maturity under standard conditions, and m= Geqree-hours of maturity of the Specimen at time of eatly test. 4. SUMMARY OF TEST OF METHOD 44. This test method wilizes con ventional curing with testing at not less ‘han 24 hours. Sorage during curing 5 required by T 23 or T 126 with & ‘recording thermometer added o conti ally monitor ibe temperature immedi- ately surtousding the specimens, 42. This test method also. presents Drocedures for development of strength, age, and temperarure date requited 10 velop an equation fer projecting later. ge strengths from these early tess 5. SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 51. This test medhod provides, for 8 paca combination of materials atthe alist practical time, an indeation of the potential strength of the concrete. It also provides information on the variable Jy ofthe prosvction process for use in process conta, 32. Correlation between’ early-age strength of test specimens and strength at some later age achieved by conventional curing methods depends upon the mater- als comprising the concrete and the spe- cific procedute employes, Any strength value povided by companion specimens. ‘80 mater how obiained, hes 2 dubious relation tothe actual strength of the con ‘rete in-place in the streture, and has126 METHODS OF SAMPLING AND TESTING x vale only as an indicator ofa probability §, EARLY-AGE STRENGTH “Tests at each age will be the compressive hat the desived load-bearing capability PROCEDURE strength determined by averaging. the has been of can be obtained inthe srue- strength obtained from a minimum of lure by use of a particular formulation. gy “Thete is, therefore, no fundamental eae son whi the early strength obtained from (his test method cannot be used in the esign and evaluation of concrete stuengths in the same way conventional 2Baday suengins have been used in the past, widh suitable changes in the ex: Mold and eure the specimens in 9 liners accordance with T 23 (Metios for. Sel Field data may also be used Checking the Adequacy for Mixture Proc provided it furnishes ll ofthe intone onions} ot 126, Continue curing for oni Section9.1 and povided the spec Sica 24 hour, imens are cuted as required for checking $2 Maintain a record of the temper- Adequacy of Laboratory mixture propor: ature immediaely surrounding the speci. ons (eee T 23), mens dung curing 92 Prepare a shee of serilog graph pected aumbers used io describe suensth "9s "Capping and Testing —Remove pipet 2 eyele by 10 divisions. enter values. However, since the practice of pe species fom the metls oe move the Lis divisions in 1000-pst increments sing stengh values obtained from stan~ SS pecizal fet 24 hou Cape spec, O-wis). The logaimie seal wl repre, acd curing cylinders a 28 days i long jal aeeynnee mak eke Sent maturity, in degee-bours, at ime sstblshed and widespread cis recog "33.1" When specimens ac cnppedin of est (ean) nized that many people will wth 10 USE accordance mith T 231 the capone wes 93 Plot each ofthe steagth values tbe reels of stength fests on specimens eral shall develop. athe age of 30 min- 88 developed in Section 9.1 versus the cured by this procedure ro make predic- esa sgengih equal to or greater than ALUFty for each age ofthe test Slootsnch rs ooanch Seip eh ogra hy ar, ros oe” wher etic tae sea AEM iaeg 24, Daw ig ei ine we lnles mney beta | yl 2 ine omer ep te pte i iyo ‘uaterials as those uted for establishing ‘$4 Test the cylinder for suengdh in that cepresente the 28-day matuoty er. the conelation, 7 ie accordance with T 22 ac the age of 24 SUS sength, Shouid this procedure be hous or more. Nete ihe exact age hours) USE Lo project strengths at an age otter NOTE 1—Confideceinerals developed at the time ofthe test. The age ofthe han 28 days, the best-fting seaght ine ‘naccordance wth Appendt XI4ae elp- cylinder is measured from the time of sHOUId pas trough the poin that repre fia evaluating pecan. ‘noling sents the maturity versus strength por 83. The maturity, m of the easiye fOr the desired preccuon ager It the age est specimen isthe age im hours of 6818 ploted in Section 9:3 do not lend tame of test mulipied by the average themselves co 9 bestfiting suaight lie. 6 APPARATUS weighted temperature of the air sur. then draw a siraight line connecting the rounding the specimen (eee Section 2Slay or other later age, strength versus 64. Equipment and Small Toots, for 311). ‘maturity point with the best Bt between fabricating specimens and measuring 86 When the data representing the the stength versus maturity point repre plastic concrete charactedstics shal come SOMPSHVE srepgth and the matuniy, Seng the 24-hour and 3-day test values form to the applicable requiements of "35 developed in Sections 8.4 and 3.5 723 o¢ T 126, ae to be used (0 predict the potential NOTE 2—if iis desed co check ste {62 Molds, for specimens sal con. sengthot theconcteteasome later age, 0 of the Fat extmate made othe form 10 the requirements for cylinder dene te predicted szength by using the HOP of he ine of prediction, & companion molds in M208, equation in Section 31.61. spevinen to hose fr eing a ney age "ay be fabricated and cured in accordance ‘ih T 23 For eneckng the sdequsey of abo ‘ator’ mince propertons and ened 3t 6.3. Recording thermometer! to co ord accurately thin © 13°F (I°C) the temperature surrounding the specimens 9, PROCEDURE FOR sys. during curing DEVELOPING STRENGTH- MATURITY RELATIONSHIP These of may be etme by se of te equation 94 Develop compressive sen 7. SAMPLING dam ores eto esa he comesponding matuaty values inthe abe TA. Sample and test the concrete im oratory to determine the prediction eq secordance with T 23,7 126, or T 141. ton foreach muature tobe used, These ata shall include texts at age 24 our, and 3. 7, 14, apd 28 days. If the age 5 = measured compression stengih at SM in seme ent 615. for awhich projected stength is to be maturity. M, and Fecal Ae” ees key detemined exceeds 28 days, the data S.= measured compression strength 3¢ ‘ot tn shall inciode tess at the desired age smatuaty, m b= EUS ~ SIS (log Mt = log oi)METHODS OF SAMPLING AND TESTING 1, b, from the 1 Section 3.1.6.1 «line is the vertical Pale of suess berween the ‘oe —<10000-degree hours line -fcept on the 100000-desree Use the constant and the equa in Section 3.16. to calculate the sojected suength of ponland-cement 10, INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS 10.4 Use ofthe results from this tes ‘method in the prediction of specification compliance of suengths at later ages ‘ust be applied with some caution be ‘cause strength requirements in existing specifications and codes are not based ‘upon early tesng. As stated in Section 12, the vasiabiy of the test method is the same or less than that from traditional fest methods. Tous, results ean be used in rapid assessinent of variability for pro- ‘ets contol and signaling the need for indicated adj sums. On the other hand, ‘the magnitude of the suength values ob- {ained is infvenced by the specific com. bination of matenals so that te use of the results ftom either conventional test at any arbitra y age of those from this test method mvs be supported by expen. nee oF coneluions developed by the specific agency for the exiting local conditions and materials. Factors inf fencing relationships between measured strengths and thre of concrete in-place are no different from hose affecting con. ventional suengt tess, 4. REPORT M1 The laboratory report shall ine elude the following TAL lenifeation number of test evlinger. M12 Diameter (and length, if not andard) of tes cylinder, in inches ot rilipeter U.13 Cross-sectional area of test cylinder. in square inches or square cent T1146 Maximum load in pounds: force or newions MALS Compressive suength cale lated 10 the neares. 16 psi (69 KPa) TAL6 Type of facture if other than ‘he usoal cone TLL7 Age of specimens atthe time of tex T1.18 nal mix temperature to the nearest 2°F of 1°C, T19 “Temperature records, and M110 Method of wansportation ‘used for shipping the specimens to the Inborstory, 112 If the dats developed in accor. dance with Section 8.2 and reported ‘accordance with Section [1.1 are used to Dredict potential strength then the report shall include te following: M21 The matunty of the eazy test Specimens, m (calculated to the nearest eegree hour). M22 Theage projected to days. and M23 The projecied (predicted) strength (calculated to he nearest 10 ps (69 kPa). 12, PRECISION AND BIAS 1A Precision A211 The single lboratory coef- cient of variation has been determined 1s 3.6 percent fora par of cylinders cas from the same batch Therefore. results of two properly condictesstensth tests bby the same laboratory on two tndividal cylinders made withthe same materials should not differ mote than 10 percent oftheir average 1212 The single-laboraiony, muti ay coefficient of variation has been de- termined a 8.7 percent forthe average Of pairs of cylinders east from single batches mixed on 2 days. Therefore, te sus of two properly conducted strength {ests each consisting of the average of two cylinders from the same batch made Sn the same laboratory onthe same mat Flals should not differ by more than 25 Percent of their average 122 Bias—This west method has no determinable bias as We values obtained ‘can only be defined in terms of this, test method T27%6 APPENDIX (Nonmandatory Information) Xi. EXAMPLE OF USE UA Generaln—This method wilizes conventional curing, with testing at not less than 24 hours. Sampling and preps: ‘ation of compressive suength specimens are to be in accordance with T 23, T 14, or T 126, Storage during curing is as required by T 23 of T 126, with 2 recording thermometer added to contnd- ally monitor the ambient temperanire im mediately surrounding the specimens. ‘While there are many insruments avail able for ths purpose, one which has been found suitable is 2 Model 615 Dry Syl Recording Thermomeler manvfactored by the Pacific Transducer Corp. 2301 Federal Ave. Los Angeles, Calif, 90064 ‘Tsung is in accordance with T 22, X12 Stengih versus Maturiny Rela. tionship X121_ To fimmly establish the rela- ionthip of strength versus maturity, i is desirable to produce concrete made from the actual components, ineloding fsémixtures, to be used in work. While field dats may be used, the inal data will normally originate in the laboratory ‘before field production begins. Compres- sive strength specimens wil, therefore, ‘normally be made end cured inthe labo: ‘mony and tested at ages 24 hours, 3 days, 7 days, 14 days, and 28 days Wis suggested that @ minimum of 14 cylinders be made and eured io accor dance with T 126, XLLLI Example Dato—An exicn- ple of age-suength data obtained from {hese cylinders may be as follows (io, of Chines) Seng pk BRO) 170 3 dae 2) 264 Ta) ns Hey @) ama 2 ows) aa 2 Maturity (as defined in Section 3.14) is determined by obtaining1276 METHODS OF SAMPLING AND TESTING 29 Armee #mp FIGURE X1 Strength Versus Maturity Relationship the product of age in hours snd the aver~ age weighted temperature of the on cee, Degree-hours may be caleulated om the temperature history by divicing the age into suitable time intervals and summing the product ofthe time interval and the corresponding average tempers ture foreach interval. The conctee tm perature may be assumed fo equal the ambient air emperature immediatly sit rounding the specimen, Since the con cretes are produced, cured, and tested in the laboratory, a record of the curing temperate will be avaiable, XL2J3 Typical curing tempera: tures may be TIF 21°C) prior to szip- ping the molds, and a constant 73°F (23°C) thereafter, In this case the matu- ‘ty a the various ages ean be calelated 2s follows: dene wre 2 ne ays , XI2SA The value bis the slope of Ais lie of prediction and is the veri) stance in units of stress, between where the line imterseets 10000°C-h of maturity and 200000°C: of maturity X13. Field Application NIB To use the prediction equa METHODS OF SAMPLING AND TESTING tion inthe field, sample the concrete in accordance with Method T 141. Mold and cute at least to specimens in accor: ance with Method T 23, Continue eu: ing for at least 24 hours. Maintain an accurate record of the ambient tempera: tore immediately susounding the speci mens during the eating period 1XI3.2 As soon as practical after the ‘minimum 2-houreuving peti, remove the specimens from the molds and pre= ‘pare for testing in accordance with T 22 Note the exact age ¢hours) a the time ‘of test. Use this age, togetber with the record of curing temperature, 1o detr= ‘mine the maturity, m, at dime of test Report the early compressive strength, ‘Sq a8 the average ofthe cylinders tested, 1's now possible to solve the equation fora prediced compressive stength, Sy. ata given maturity. I X133._As an example: XI3R1 Compressive sength spec imens fabricated in the field are cured for 24 hours under standard conditions the job site. From the temperate recotd maintained in the curing facility we find that the ume temperature varia lions ae as follows Owe 708 3108) seay inate fom 1010 28F 810.24 reason omen 37°F NI332_By the ume the cylinders sue removed from the melds, capped and the cap cued, anotser 2 hours pases, ‘The cylinders are stored at 73°F (23°C) uring thi 2 hours X1333 The maturity atest age 26 hous is, therefore, the summation of the maturity foreach of these increments 126 Sha 70F © 210% Shas 23029 lena TF = 12h 2AUTIF = Fb Toal marty = 19505 NU334 The average compressive strength of three specimens al ths mai rity 161427 pal X13.35 The predicted potential 28 fay strengt is calculated as: Se 5. biog M = top mi) Sam 127 + 1950 log $000 ~ og 19503) Su 427 + 19504658 ~ 3.290) Sieur =n She a174 pa X1.335.1 The equation would pre- sic, therefore, that had the compressive suength specimens been convenicnaliy ‘ured forthe full 28 days, thie strength ‘would have approximated 174 pi when broken at 28 days X34 It may be desirable to de- velop a one-sided confidence interval 10 be used in the acceptance decision. Usui ally such a confidence imerva could be developed at a 90-percent confidence level and the decision would be to seceps the material as conforming to specifice- tion sequirements when: o> LL + K) where predicted 28-day suengih, specified lower limit, specii- cally, 25-day strength, 1645 Ey ~ Sy)V2n confidericecosticient for 5% probability of sceepting mate- Fal with a suength below LE measured 28-day strength and number of pared (Sy and Sy) Values used in the analysis