THE EFFECTIVENESS OF EGGSHELL AND APPLE SNAIL AS A POTENTIAL

COMPONENT IN HOLLOW BLOCKS PRODUCTION

A Research Presented to The Faculty of

the Senior High School

Secondary Department

Asian Pacific Christian School, Inc.

Cristo Rey, Capas, Tarlac

In Partial Fulfillment

of The Requirements for the Senior High School

Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Strand

Practical Research 1

By:

Aguas,Paul Aris P.

Aguilar,KianeRodney N.

Garcia,Jeffrey E.

Plado,John Carlo F.

Primero,Karen A.
 CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

This chapter contained the introduction, background of the study,theoretical

framework,conceptual framework,statement of the problem,hypothesis,scope

and limitation,significance of the study,and definition of terms used for this study.

INTRODUCTION
Eggs are one of the basic foods consumed by the Filipino and

thousands of eggs are produced and consumed every day.Based on the

Philippine Statistic Authority (PSA) Chicken Egg Situation Report released last

February 2021, the total chicken egg production from October to December 2020

was estimated at 154.87 thousand metric tons. Eggs are cheap, affordable,and

used in other food recipes with an abundance of benefits as well as a ton of ways

to cook them, the shell itself has its own purpose and these makes the eggs

great. An egg has three main parts: egg white,egg yolk and eggshell.Cooking

only its contents and disposing of the shells is the usual process of utilizing an

egg. In a study made by the Penn State University, 2.4 million tons of eggshells

are thrown away by egg-producing companies yearly. To address this problem,

egg-producing companies started their campaign to valorize the eggshells via

biogas feed and fertilizers, however, a big number of eggshells are still going to

landfills. The eggshells are high in a certain chemical that is intended to make

our bones stronger:calcium and calcium carbonate.

 Calcium is a necessary element in our body that supports the

structure of our bones and their hardness.The calcium in our body is mostly

found in our bones and teeth which is about 99% of it. It’ s also needed for our

muscles to be able to move and for our nerves to deliver messages in the middle

of the brain and all the body parts. Not only does calcium provide our body with a

stronger structure it is also a prime component in the formation of structural

materials: cement. Eggshells are not the only material filled with calcium

carbonate; it is also the same on apple snail.

A apple snail shelll is an invasive animal from the family of large

freshwater snails that you can see in farm according to (Queensland

Government,January 19 2022) one of the varieties of seashells is the apple

snail,which has a spiral pattern,a muddy brown shell,and flesh that is golden

pinkish or orange-yellow.The apple snail shell can be defined as a larger seashell

than other seashells,although the apple snail is good to eat and is commonly

eaten by residents in the province of Philippines.Based on(Earth and

Environmental Science,2018),apple snails are useful biomass because they

contain high levels of zinc,iron,omega-3, and omega-6 fatty acids. Apple snails

can be collected and processed into a high-quality protein source that can take

the place of other protein sources, particularly fish meal.

It is one of those pests that harms farmers' field crops like rice.

According to (Cabi News released last September 2021),invasive apple snails

damage most aquatic crops,but it is their impact on rice crops for which they
have gained notoriety around the world.Examples from Asia indicate that once

present, P. canaliculata can spread rapidly;entry into waterways and irrigation

systems results in widespread infestation of rice paddies.Invasive apple snails

grow and reproduce quickly and can rapidly adapt to their conditions. They feed

voraciously in the absence of their preferred plants.Staple crops such as taro and

rice,as well as other aquatic cultivated crops,suffer heavily from their destructive

feeding, with young rice seedlings representing the most vulnerable stage.Entire

fields can be lost, affecting smallholder farmer livelihoods.Aside from the

potential damage to farmer incomes and food security,invasive apple snails also

negatively impact wetland ecosystems and human health as they are vectors for

parasites, such as rat lungworm,and can cause skin irritations.Other economic

impacts occur indirectly through payment for pesticides and labour costs for

physical removal of the snails in addition to environmental risks associated with

over- or improper use of chemical control options in these systems.Our objective

is to produce hollowblocks that are more affordable and enduring than

conventional hollowblocks by using eggshell and apple snail shell.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This research aimed to determine the effectiveness of eggshell and

green mussel as potential components for producing hollow blocks instead of

pure standard cement.It also developed an effective altermative hollow block.

Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions:

1.What are the advantage and disadvantage of shell block in terms of:

1.1. Durability

1.2. Cost

2.Is there significance effect between eggshell and apple snail:

1.1 Durability

1.2 Cost

3.Implication of the study

HYPOTHESIS

The result of the study will lead to the acceptance or rejection of

the null hypothesis.

There is no significant difference of concrete hollow blocks

produced using apple snail shell as an alternative raw material compared to the

concrete hollow blocks with natural mixture using cement, lime sand and water in

terms of strength, appearance,cost availability of the material and environmental

impact.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The result of this study will be beneficial to the following:

Engineers. The study can serve as a basis for those who aimed to utilize

Shell Blocks as potential construction material and an alternative to commercial

hollow blocks.

Students. By executing the Shell Blocks to the community, it can help

the students by informing them about approaches and steps in protecting the

environment. 

Citizens. They will be the one who will use it the most by having good and

healthy surroundings and have the nearest approach to stronger and cheaper

building materials. 

Community. The researchers can help the community to reduce the

wastes of eggshells by collecting and using it in cement making. 

Researchers. This study will serve as the final paper of the researchers

for their requirements in school and to be able to pass. It also beneficial by

contributing a change and innovation to help the community and environment.

SCOPE AND DELIMITATIONS

Cement consumption may be remarkably reduced if the eggshell

powder and apple snail powder is used as a partial substitute without

compromising the performance characteristics of the concrete, including

durability. The scope of the study is to establish and achieve the objectives and

this study will focus primarily on descriptive work. This study aims to determine

the effectiveness of eggshells and apple snail as a potential component in

making hollow blocks. It also determines the advantage and disadvantage of

Shell Block in the construction industry and its effectiveness in terms of durability

and cost.

This study only limited in using conventional standard white

eggshells as samples in eggshells waste and also researchers only use apple

snail as samples in shell waste. This study is also limited to the effectiveness of

Shell Block in terms of durability and cost.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

For additional understanding of this study, the following terms and words

are operationally and conceptually defined.

Abundance. A very large quantity of something.

 Bricks. A small rectangular block typically made and composed of fired

or sun-dried clay, used in building.

Combustion. A usually rapid chemical process (such as oxidation) that

produces heat and usually light.

Concrete. A heavy, rough building material made from a mixture of

broken stone or gravel, sand, cement, and water, that can be spread or poured

into molds and that forms a mass resembling stone on hardening.

Conventional. Is an adjective for things that are normal, ordinary, and

following the accepted way. Ho-hum. This word describes what is typical and

ordinary and that which follows accepted standards of behavior or taste.

Disposal. The action or process of throwing away or getting rid of

something.

Fortresses. A fortification is a military construction or fabricating intended

for the defense of territories in warfare and is also used to establish rule in a

region during peacetime.

Fertilizers. A chemical or natural substance added to soil or land to

increase its fertility.

Iron ore. Are blocks and minerals from which metallic iron can be

economically extracted.
 Landfilled. A place to dispose of refuse and other waste material by

burying it and covering it over with soil, especially as a method of filling in or

extending usable land.

Limestone. A hard sedimentary rock, made mainly of calcium carbonate

or dolomite, used as a building material and in the making of cement.

Silica sand. A granular material that contains quartz and minute amounts

of coal, clay, and other minerals. It is also known as quartz sand and industrial

sand and is largely used in several construction applications.

Shale. Soft, finely stratified sedimentary rock that formed from

consolidated mud or clay and can be split easily into fragile slabs.

Slate. A fine-grained gray, green, or bluish metamorphic stone easily split

into smooth, flat pieces.

Spontaneous. Performed or occurring as an outcome of an unforeseen

inner impulse or inclination and without premeditation or external stimulus.

Utilization. The action of making practical and effective use of something.

Quest. A long or arduous and laborious search for something.

Valorize. Give or ascribe value or validity to something.