Source of EU Law

categorized as primary and secondary legistation

treaties (primary legislation) are the basis or ground rules forall EU
actions Regulations, instructions, and decisions are examples of
secondary legislation

the single european act 1986

The Single European Act brought amendments to the Treaties
establishing the European Communities and established
European political cooperation. 

Treaty of Lisbon amending theTreaty on European Union

The Treaty of Lisbon (initially known as the Reform Treaty) is
an international agreement that amends the two treaties
which form the constitutional basis of the European Union
(EU). The Treaty of Lisbon, which was signed by the EU member
states on 13 December 2007, entered into force on 1 December
2009.

The European Parliament is one of the legislative bodies of the

European Union and one of its seven institutions. Together with
the Council of the European Union, it adopts European legislation,
following a proposal of the European Commission.
The European Commission is the executive of the European
Union. It operates as a cabinet government, with 27 members of
the Commission headed by a President. It includes an
administrative body of about 32,000 European civil servants.
Council of Ministers is a traditional name given to the supreme
executive organ in some governments. It is usually equivalent to
the term cabinet. The term Council of State is a similar name that
also may refer to a cabinet, but the terms are not equal in certain
countries (for example, in Spain and India).
European Court of Justice (ECJ)

Costa v. ENEL (1964

Flaminio Costa v ENEL (1964) Case 6/64 was a landmark
decision of the European Court of Justice which established
the primacy of European Union law (then Community law) over
the laws of its member states.[
Mr. Costa was an Italian citizen who had owned shares in an
electricity company, Edisonvolta, and opposed the nationalisation
of the electricity sector in Italy. 

Krauss, M. W. (1993). Child-related and parenting stress:

Similarities and differences between mothers and fathers of
children with disabilities

Jean-Marc Bosman- Freedom of movement for workers -

Competition rules applicable to undertakings - Professional
footballers - Sporting rules on the transfer of players
requiring the new club to pay a fee to the old club -
Limitation of the number of players having the nationality of
other Member States who may be fielded in a match.
Two categories of Direct Effect

 Vertical direct effect is of consequence in relations

between individuals and the country. This means that
individuals can invoke a provision of EU law in relation to the
state.
 Horizontal direct effect is of consequence in relations
between individuals. This means that an individual can
invoke a provision of EU law in relation to another individual.

Invoke a provision- to support the argument

Objectives of the EU External Trade Relations or Trade Policy

Promote responsible and sustainable value chains (climate

change will need to be part of future trade agreements) Support
the digital transition and trade in services (e.g. by agreeing global
standards) Strengthen the EU's regulatory impact. Strengthen the
EU's partnership with its neighbourhood and Africa

Third Country Operator” (or TCO) refers to non-

European aircraft operators conducting commercial air
transport flights into the EU.

O bj e c t i v e s o f t h e EUEXTERNALTRADE
RELATIONSOR TRADEPOLICY
The European Commission aims to negotiate balanced and
modern free trade agreements with important international
markets and high-growth regions. This is to strengthen the
competitiveness of the European economy and boost
growth and employment in Europe.