Rebualos, Lyka A.

21-MGE-01

Activity 1
Instructions: Based on your assumptions, describe the community of the Tagalogs prior to the arrival of
the Spaniards and Christianization of Filipinos in terms of the following: (2pts. each)

1. Religious practices
a. The Filipinos are regarded as having adopted Catholicism from the Spanish.
b. They also worshiped the spirits of their ancestors, which were represented by small
images called "anitos," which are any objects believed to possess miraculous power.

2. Concepts of marriage and family

a. in the concept of marriage ceremonies uniting one woman and one man.
b. On the first day, the bride and groom were brought to the house of a priest, or
babaylan, who joined their hands over a plate of raw rice and blessed the couple.

3. Community mores, values, and beliefs

a. The cultural goal of the Spanish clergy was nothing less than the full Christianization and
Hispanization of the Filipinos, and having close family ties is one of the unique traits
b. And the values such as honesty, integrity, and religious adherence and most Filipinos
believed in worshiping different Gods, creatures, and spirits.

4. Community laws and political systems

a. The early Filipinos had both written and unwritten laws. The written laws were
promulgated by the datus.
b. The two unknown written codes in the pre-Spanish era are the "Maragtas code," which
was said to have been written about 1250 A.D. by Datu Sumakwel of Panay, and the
Kalintiaw Code, written in 14433 A.D. by Datu Kalintiaw Code, also of Panay

5. Economic system
a. Formal education and established scientific education have made significant
contributions.
b. Spaniards have introduced education in the country. The methods of agriculture were
also taught. In this era, there were established universities and colleges.

6. Socialization practices
a. At this time, the languages of the Philippines were heavily influenced by Chinese and
probably by many of the other languages to which they were exposed as well.
b. The laws and political system during the pre-Spanish era, law was laid down by the
maharlikas- council of elders, but chosen by the datu, no elections were held to
designated them.
Activity 2

1. Identify at least five distinct or unique practices, custom, and traditions in your province
community. (5pts)

a. Pagmamano - as a sign of respect to elders

b. Fiesta Celebration - celebrating fiesta is another influence of the Spanish colonizers and was
mainly done to honor the patron saints
c. Pamamanhikan - is the formal act of a guy asking the girl’s family for her hand in marriage. 
d. Saying po and opo - show respect when you communicate to anyone older than you.

e. Kamayan - when the food is especially sumptuous, they eat kamayan-style.

2. Prior to the Kartilya ng Katipunan, Andres Bonifacio drafted the "Decalogue of the Duties of the
Sons of the People" or the "Decalogue." It was patterned after the Ten Commandments of the
Roman Catholic Church to serve as the list of duties and responsibilities to be followed by every
member of the Katipunan. However, after seeing the draft of Kartilya ng Katipunan by Emilio
Jacinto, he was impressed with Jacinto's style of writing and decided to adopt it as the official
guidebook of the rules and regulations of the organization. Read the "Decalogue of the Duties of
the Sons of the People" by Andres Bonifacio and compare it with the Kartilya ng Katipunan by
Emilio Jacinto. In your opinion, which better suits the needs of Philippine society during the time
of the revolution? Explain your answer in 300 to 500 words. (10pts)

For me, I think the Kartilya ng Katipunan better suits the needs of Philippine society during the
time of revolution. While the "Decalogue of the Duties of the Sons of the People" is no longer
relevant, the Kartilya ng Katipunan was longer, more literary, and philosophical. It presented
its concept of virtuous living as lessons for self-reflection rather than as direct prescriptions. It
asserted that it was the internal, not the external, qualifications that made humans great. The
Kartilya ng Katipunan comprises thirteen lessons that detail not only the vision of the
Katipunan but the vision for an egalitarian and morally sound Filipino nation. While the
Decalogue of the Duties of the Sons of the People had only ten points and dealt primarily with
one’s duties to God, country, family, and neighbor, after doing the assigned readings, I realized
that the documents in Kartilya ng Katipinan teach loyalty, love of one's self and others, and
that every action has consequences. The order is that those who wish to join the association
should have a thorough understanding and knowledge of its principles and teachings so that
they can perform their duties wholeheartedly . The Katipunan pursues the most worthy and
fleeting object of uniting the hearts and minds of the Tagalogs with the unwavering oath that
the union will be strong enough to tear through the thick veil of hidden thoughts and find the
true path of reason and explanation. The most important policy is true love of the native land
and genuine compassion for others, so that everyone is treated fairly and as true brothers and
sisters. Once anyone joins the organization, he or she must renounce their destructive
practices and submit to the authority of the sacred orders of the Katipunan. The decalogue of
the Katipunan is: "Love God with all your heart." Remember that the love of God is also the
love of the nation, and this, too, is the love of neighbor. Carve in your heart that the true
measure of honor and happiness is to die for the liberty of your country. All your good
intentions will be followed through with success if you have peace, consistency, reason, and
 faith in all your works and endeavors. Guard the mandates and goals of K.K.K. as you guard
your honor. It is the duty of all to serve, at the risk of their own lives and wealth, anyone who
runs a great risk in the performance of his or her duty. Our responsibility to ourselves and the
performance of our duties will be examples for our neighbors to follow. If it is within your
power, share your belongings with the poor and unfortunate. Being passionate about the work
that gives you food is the true basis of love—for yourself, for your spouse and children, for
your siblings, and for your countrymen. Praising all good works while punishing the thief and
traitor.It is also believed that the goals of K.K.K. are given by God because the will of men is
also the will of God. The Kartilya's purpose was to provide the moral and intellectual
foundation that guided Katipuneros' actions.

Activity 3

1. Give three reasons why the Kartilya ng Katipunan is important to the grand narrative of
Philippine history (3pts. each)

a. It helps us get a view of the ideas of Katipunan and its legislatures today. This helps us
think more about our goal in the future.
b. It also encouraged people to participate in the movement and, in some ways, set a sense
of nationalism in motion and this adds to the independence of the Philippines.
c. It sets the basis for the way Filipinos think in general. Many of the concepts in Kartilya can
also be applied today to our daily personal lives and to the life of the country.

2. Choose two paintings – one by Juan Luna and another by Fernando Amorsolo. Compare the
artists’ styles and techniques as observed from the chosen paintings. Provide specific details
derived from your observation (10pts)

Luna’s painting: “The Parisian Life”

Amorsolo’s painting: “Dalagang Bukid”

Observation:

Juan Luna painted The Parisian Life using oil on canvas. In the painting, we can see a A lady is
sitting in a cafe, and men around her are looking at her. It was an impression of the social norms
and daily lives of men and women in Paris during this time. Juan Luna uses dark colors for the
background and chooses a light color to highlight the lady. This painting has more texture than
Amorsolo's Dalagang bukid, and the brush strokes are also more visible. Dalagang Bukid was
painted by our national artist in painting. He painted this on wood using oil paint. The lady with
brown skin is portraying Maria Clara, a typical modest Filipina. The small brush strokes create
texture in the painting, and he also uses bright colors to emphasize the sunlight in the
summertime.