DAV Public School New Panvel

Session 2022-23

Investigatory Project
Topic – Laser Security System

Name- Aditya V. Singh Subject- Physics

Class- XII D Roll No.- 30

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 Certificate
Examination Roll No.-

This is to certify that master Aditya V. Singh of class 12th

Science, studying in DAV Public school, New Panvel has
completed his Physics Project work on the topic Laser
Security System under my guidance and has submitted the
project to my satisfaction.
Session: 2022-23

Date- _____________

______________________________ _______________________________
Signature of the internal examiner Signature of the External Examiner

________________________________ _________________________________
Signature of School Principal School Stamp

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 Acknowledgement

I would like to acknowledge the support and help that was

provided to me by our teacher and friends for helping me to
complete the given project within the stipulated time .
Firstly I would like to thank our Principal Sir Mr.
Chaitanya Chilamkuri Reddy for giving me the golden
opportunity to work on this project and the opportunity to
showcase my knowledge.
I am also grateful to our physics teacher Mr. Om Prakash
Yadav for helping and continuously supporting me throughout
the course of the making of the project and giving me
valuable advices and insights for the given project report of
the same.

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Index
P Page No.

Aim 05

Introduction 06

Theory 07

Apparatus Required/Materials Required 08

Working Construction 09

Procedure 10

Circuit Diagram 11

Applications 12

Advantages and Disadvantages 13

Conclusion 14

Bibliography 15

Teacher’s Remark 16

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Aim:-

To make and study the functions of a Laser Security

System

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Introduction:-

This project deals with a model of laser security alarm system design.
Laser security systems used to be difficult to install and rarely
available to anyone other than the super-rich. Now, there are dozens
of different security systems on the market that utilize lasers and can
effectively protect everything from small apartments and businesses
to large areas of property. Most home laser security systems consist of
two parts: a basic alarm unit and an infrared motion detector. Laser
based security system is a type of security and alarm system that uses
laser light and a light sensor. Why a laser to be used? It is known that
a laser light goes through long distance without any scattering effect
(disturbing) and it is only visible at source and the destination point so
it can be used as mediator between source and destination but to
analyse the source a sensor is need, here the use of LDR is applicable.
Just analysis is not enough alerting should be done in general alerting
is sound effect so here buzzer act as alerting. Making use of this, a
laser security system is designed. Its working: There is a laser diode
that generates the laser beam which continuously strikes over the
Light dependent resister sensors. When any person crosses the path, it
inhibits laser to reach LDR and the sensor generate a low which is
read by controller to power on the buzzer.

Theory:-

This system for security uses the combination of LASER light

and LDR. The LDR module has an onboard potentiometer to
adjust the sensitivity of LDR, so that it only senses laser light
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falling onto it. The concept is quite simple and similar to what we
see in movies where antique, priceless ornaments are protected
under laser lights. As someone crosses these lights, an alarm runs
on to indicate unauthorised presence.
This project works similarly. In normal conditions, where there is
always laser light falling on the LDR, the LDR module always
gives a high signal to microcontroller. When someone crosses this
laser light, it will behave as an obstruction between the LDR
module and laser light, resulting in no light falling on LDR. In
such cases LDR module gives a low signal to the microcontroller,
which indicates it to switch on an alarm.

Materials Required:-

• Electric buzzer
• LDR(Light Dependent Resistance)
• Breadboard
• 10k ohm Resistor
• 9V Battery

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• Laser
• Connecting Wires
• Transistor

Working:-
• This circuit is based on LDR(Light Depended Resistor),variable resistor in
which the resistance varies according to the light intensity falling on it.
• LDR and resistor R1 forms a potential driver network which is the main
• The voltage drop across the LDR is used t drive the transistor switch. When
the voltage drop is above cut in voltage(0.6v),the transistor is turn ON.
• LDR has low resistance in the presence of light and high resistance in the
absence of light.

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• In our security alarm, a laser light is allowed to fall on the LDR continuously
using mirrors.
• Light from another source should not allowed to fall on the LDR, so place the
LDR in a box with a single hole to pass laser.
• In this situation the resistance offered by LDR is too low. Since the LASER
light is continuously
• In this situation the resistance offered by LDR is too low .Since the LASER
light is continuously allowed to fall on the LDR surface.
• Thus the voltage drop across the LDR is also low [V=IR(Ohm’s Law)] which
is insufficient to turn ON the transistor, so the transistor remains off state.
• When a person makes a blocks to the continuously flow of LASER beam
• While resistance increases voltage drop also increases when this voltage drop
exceeds cut in voltage of transistor. It will turn ON.
• Then current from vice starts flowing to ground via the buzzer and transistor,
which makes the beep sound.
• The beep sound from the security alarm gives the indication of some security
failures.

Procedure:-
1. Take the breadboard and mark its two extreme sides , any one as
positive and other as negative.
2. Use the circuit diagram and make the connections as follows.
3. Punch in the transistor on the breadboard.
4. Connect the emitter of the transistor with negative side of
breadboard using a wire.
5. Connect the LDR with base of transistor and negative side of
breadboard.
6.Connect the buzzer with collector of transistor and positive side of
breadboard.

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7. Now connect the 10k ohm resistor with base of transistor and
positive side of bread board.
8. Now connect the battery and at this time the buzzer would be
ringing.
9. Now drop the laser light upon the receptive surface of the LDR and
the buzzer stops ringing.

Circuit Diagram:-

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Applications:-
A laser security alarm is a system designed to detect intrusion –
unauthorized entry – into a building or area. They are also called security

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alarms, security systems, alarm systems, intrusion detection systems,
perimeter detection systems, and similar terms.
Burglar alarms are used in residential, commercial, industrial, and military
properties for protection against burglary (theft) or property damage, as
well as personal protection against intruders. Car alarms likewise protect
vehicles and their contents. Prisons also use security systems for control of
inmates.
Some alarm systems serve a single purpose of burglary protection;
combination systems provide both fire and intrusion protection. Intrusion
alarm systems may also be combined with closed-circuit television
surveillance systems to automatically record the activities of intruders, and
may interface to access control systems for electrically locked doors.
Systems range from small, self-contained noisemakers, to complicated,
multi-area systems with computer monitoring and control.
Apart from security systems, this laser based setup can also be used to
check if pets or babies crossed a certain boundary.

Advantages:-
These are easy to install and work at both within as well as outside houses.
These are very effective perimeter alarm systems around properties. In
indoor systems can utilize the normal power outlets and jacks making
them inconspicuous. At outside these can be easily be hidden behind the
bushes or plants without causing any damage. They consume less power
when compared to the laser system as the whole, which is expensive.

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 These laser systems can be installed in homes either by self or by hiring a
technical person. By technological innovations cost of the security systems
has been cut to a large extent. So, making laser systems one among
affordable security system options can be very safe.
Lasers are strong in beam width and can be focused on the perfect target.
By using laser security system one can be safe in the case of harmful
effects to the body. As the beam width used in the laser security systems
are not strong beam widths.
The circuit, construction and setup for the Laser Security System are very
simple. If used with a battery, the laser security system can work even
when there is a power outage.

Disadvantages:-
The laser security system works only if the laser is obstructed. If the
intruder passes without obstructing the laser, it is considered as a failure.
In order to secure a larger area, we need more lasers and corresponding
sensors.

Conclusion:-
When the laser beam falling over the LDR is interrupted by the object in
the field of laser net, hence the LDR develops an output voltage and the
alarm rings showing the sign of any intruders. The Laser Security System
has been successfully designed and developed. The buzzer is turned on as
the laser beam falling on the LDR is interrupted. The experimental model
was made according to the circuit diagram and the result was as expected.
The LDR has to be placed in dark place or inside a case so that the other
source of light except the laser beam doesn’t affect the LDR. This helps
the circuit to work faster and properly.

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Laser security system provides us the security against any crime, theft in
our day to day life and so people are installing them in order to stay safe,
secure and sound. Various electronic security systems can be used at home
and other important working places for security and safety purposes. It is a
great opportunity and source of saving man power contributing no wastage
of electricity. The "Laser Security System" is an important helping system.
Using this system robbery, thefts & crime can be avoided to large extend.
Avoiding thieves results in the safety of our financial assets and thereby
this system provides us protection against all. The Laser & LDR system is
highly sensitive with a great range of working. The system senses the light
emitted by the Laser falling over the LDR connected with the circuit.
Whenever the beam of light is interrupted by any means, it triggers the
alarm or siren. This highly reactive approach has low computational
requirement, therefore it is well suited to surveillance, industrial
application and smart environments.

Bibliography-

www.wikipedia.com
www.encyclopedia.com
https://www.electronicshub.org

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Teacher’s Remark

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