LASER SECURITY SYSTEM

Submitted To
MR. NAVNEET THAKUR

By

RAVINDRA SINGH
(Roll no – 27)

Guide

MR. JAIKISHAN SIR

 CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that ' Ravindra singh’ of class
XII GEM has successfully completed the project on
the topic ‘laser security system’ during academic
session 2023-2024.

He has prepared the project under my guidance

and as per the norms by the CBSE board.

Teacher’s sign Principal’s sign

____________ ____________
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude
to my teacher ‘Mr. Jaikishan sir’ as well as our
principle sir 'Mr. Navneet Thakur’ who gave the
golden opportunity to do this wonderful project on the
topic ‘Laser security system’ which also helped me in
doing a lot of research and I came to know about many
new things I am really thankful of them.

Secondly, I would also like to thanks my parent and

friends who helped me a lot in finalizing this project

within the limited time frame.

Ravindra singh

XII-GEM
 CONTENT
Sr no. Title Page no.
1. Certificate 2
2. Acknowledgement 3
3. Introduction 5
4. Components 6-8
5. Construction 9
6. Working 10-11
7. Application 12
8 Uses 13
9. Conclusion 14
10. Bibliography 15
 INTRODUCTION
Security is a most important factor today. Technology
develops day by day in the world. The crime gang
also improves their technology to perform their
operation.
So, technology of security should be modern with
time to protect the crime works. We decide to make a
security project as our project. In this project we have
used laser light to cover a large area.
We know laser light goes through long distance
without scattering effect. It's also visible only at
source and incident point, otherwise invisible.
These two properties help us to build up a modern
security system, which may name as "laser security
system"
When any person or object crossover the laser line the
security alarm will ringing and also the focus light
will on to focus the entrance of unauthorized person.
We can make a security boundary of single laser light
by using mirror at every corner for reflection.
 COMPONENTS

1. LDR: - A photoresistor or light-dependent

resistor (LDR) or photocell is a light-controlled
variable resistor. The resistance of a photoresistor
decreases with increasing incident light intensity;
in other words, it exhibits photoconductivity.

2. RESISTOR: - A resistor (2.2k ohm) is an

electrical component that limits or regulates the
flow of electrical current in an electronic circuit.
Resistors can also be used to provide a specific
voltage for an active device such as a transistor.

3. TRANSISTOR: - (BC-547) NPN is one of the

two types of bipolar transistors, consisting of a
 layer of P-doped semiconductor (the “base”)
between two N-doped layers. A small current
entering the base is amplified to produce a large
collector and emitter current.

4. LASER POINTER: - A laser pointer or laser

pen is a small handheld device with a power
source (usually a battery) and a laser diode
emitting a very narrow coherent low-powered
laser beam of visible light, intended to be used to
highlight something of interest by illuminating it
with a small bright spot of colored light.

5. LED: - A light-emitting diode (LED) is a

semiconductor device that emits visible light
when an electric current pass through it.
6. BUZZER: - An electrical device that makes a
buzzing noise and is used for signalling.

7. BATTERY: - container consisting of one or

more cells, in which chemical energy is converted
into electricity and used as a source of power.

8. WIRE: - Metal drawn out into the form of a thin

flexible thread or rod. That connects different
components in a circuit.
 CONSTRUCTION

1) Connect the resistor of 2.2k ohm to the base and

collector of BC-547 transistor.
2) Connect a LDR with the base of transistor and to
the LED. And connect a negative end of LED with
LDR and positive end with emitter of transistor.
3) connect a buzzer with LED negative and positive
end. And connect the switch with battery for on/off.

5) connect the positive end of switch with collector of

transistor and negative end of switch with the buzzer
negative end.
6) And stick the glass with the three corners of house.
Now drop the laser light upon the receptive surface of
the LDR and the buzzer stops ringing.
 WORKING

 This circuit is based on LDR (Light Depended

Resistor), variable resistor in which the resistance
varies according to the light intensity falling on it.
• LDR and resistor R forms a potential driver network
which is the main part of our security system.
• LDR has low resistance in the presence of light and
high resistance in the absence of light.
• In our security alarm, a laser light is allowed to fall
on the LDR continuously using 3 mirrors.
• Light from another source should not allowed to fall
on the LDR, so place the LDR in a box with a single
hole to pass laser.
• In this situation the resistance offered by LDR is too
low. Since the LASER light is continuously allowed
to fall on the LDR surface.
• Thus, the voltage drop across the LDR is also low
[V=IR (Ohm’s Law)] which is insufficient to turn ON
the transistor, so the transistor remains off state.
• When a person makes a block to the continuously
flow of LASER beam
• While resistance increases voltage drop also
increases when this voltage drop exceeds cut in
voltage of silicon NPN transistor (BC-547) it will turn
ON.
• Then current from vice starts flowing to ground via
the buzzer and transistor, which makes the beep
sound.
• The beep sound from the security alarm gives the
indication of some security failures.
 APPLICATION
A laser security system is designed to detect intrusion
unauthorized entry – into a building or area. They are
also called security alarms, intrusion detection
systems, perimeter detection systems, and similar
terms.
Burglar alarms are used in residential, commercial,
industrial, and military properties for protection
against burglary (theft) or property damage, as well as
personal protection against intruders. Prisons also use
security systems for control of inmates.
Some alarm systems serve a single purpose of
burglary protection; combination systems provide
both fire and intrusion protection. Intrusion alarm
systems may also be combined with closed-circuit
television surveillance systems to automatically
record the activities of intruders, and may interface to
access control systems for electrically locked doors.
 USES
 To detect the thief in house, bank, office and
building etc. we can use laser security system.
 Because solid object will reflect back some
percentage of emitted light energy. It only needs
to be a small percentage for our sensitive detector
to it. We can measure the time it takes for a laser
pulse to travel to the target back with a reflection.
By knowing the constant speed of light, we can
calculate the distance travelled. Its accurate area
of house and protect from thief.
 And it also detects the unknown things.
 Like – robots, animals etc.
 This is high tech initiative that have gain
popularity in office and home security system.
 These are used to be expensive solution of
security needs. Depending upon the cost and fast
technology advancement laser security system
become more adaptable.
 CONCLUSION
I would like to conclude that the themes of this project
confirm the new syllabus of CBSE (2023-2024). So, I
would like to extend my gratitude to CBSE board for
giving me an opportunity to gain knowledge from this
project as well as to present my creativity. I would like
to give special thanks to our subject teacher as they
gave me much information about this project. I would
also like to thanks my family members who helped me
and encouraged me to submit this project perfectly. I
hope that this would be appreciated by all its readers
and meet all your expectations.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

For successfully completing my project file I have

taken help from some websites and books are :-

 https://www.covesmart.com/resources/home-
safety/what-is-a-laser-security-system/
 https://www.electronicshub.org/laser-security-
system/
 https://www.seminarsonly.com/Engineering-
Projects/Physics/laser-security-system.php