JHARKHAND RAI UNIVERSITY

BY

ANJLI KHALKHO

Enrollment no.-BT/EEE/15/024

RAJNI ORAON

Enrollment no.-BT/EEE/15/005
KARISHMA LINDA
Enrollment no.-BT/EEE/15/015
VIKASH KUMAR

Enrollment no.-BT/EEE/15/028

Under the guidance of

Pro. Raghuwansh Singh
Department of Electrical &Electronic Engineering
In partial fulfillment of the requirements
For the award of the degree
B.Tech
 CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that ANJLI KHALKHO,KARISHMA LINDA,RAJNI
ORAON&VIKASH KUMAR bearing Enrollment Number
BT/EEE/15/024, BT/EEE/15/015,BT/EEE/15/005 & BT/EEE/15/028
has successfully carried out her Project entitled
“SECURITY SYSTEM”under the guidance of PROF. RAGHUWANSH
SINGH. This reportis an authentic record, carried out as requirements
for the award of Bachelor of Technology in Electrical Engineering.

ABSTRACT
The project is designed as a security system based on photo sensing

arrangement and IR sensor. It uses a 14- stage ripple carry binary

counter to sense the light intensity through LDR and an IR sensor to

detect motion. The output drives a buzzer and a relay for necessary

action. This concept is very useful to deter burglars from banks, malls,

jewellery stores and also in homes.

The system is based on LDR and IR sensor. When light falls on the

LDR sensor, its resistance drastically decreases which lead to triggering

an alarm and the IR sensor active the alarm when it detect any motion

to alert the user. The circuit is placed inside the cash box or locker in

such a way that, when the burglar opens the locker and uses torch light

to find the valuables, the light falls on the circuit or even if the circuit

detect any motion it buzzer the alarm

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It gives me immense pleasure to express my deepest sense of gratitude
and sincere thanks to m highly respected and esteemed guide Prof.
Raghuwansh Singh of Electrical department, for his valuable guidance,
encouragement and help for completing this work. His useful
suggestions for this whole work and co-operative behavior are sincerely
acknowledged. I would like to express my sincere thanks to Sir Piyush
Ranjan, Dean of the JRU, Ranchi for giving me this opportunity to
undertake this project. I also wish to express my gratitude to coordinator
Prof. Shradha Prasad (Department of Science & Technology), JRU,
Ranchi for her kindhearted support. I am also greatfull to my faculty
members for their constant support and guidance. I also wish to express
my indebtedness to my parents as well as my family member whose
blessings and support always helped me to face the challenges ahead. At
the end I would like to express my sincere thanks to all my friends and
others who helped me directly or indirectly during this project work.

Place: Student Name:

Date: Enrollment No.
 CONTENTS
S.No. TITLE PAGE NO.
1. Title Page 1

2. Certification 2

3. Abstract 3

4. Acknowledgement 4

5. Contents 5

6. 1. Introduction 6-7

1.1 Background 6

1.2 Objective 7

7. 2. Survey of Technologies 8

8. 3. Description of component 9-21

9. 4. System Design

4.1 Conceptual Model

4.2 Circuit Design

4.3 Working

10. 5. Advantage of the system

11. 6. Limitation of the system

12. 7. Application of the system

13. 8.Future Scope of the system

14. 9. Conclusion

15. Reference

INTRODUCTION
Today’s technology emanates from the development in the field of
electronic and the future has no limitation over this advancement in
technology.

In this modern world security plays an important role to secure our

valuable things.

Using this security system make security more effective and reliable as
it required less maintainence and it works again and again it consists of
LDR and IR sensor so it works either when light falls in it or even if it
detect motion around it.This system suits in the application of providing
security for cash box and lockers which can be found in malls,jewellery
shops,homes and banks .

This electronic security system is placed inside lockers and cash boxes
in such a way that if an unauthorized person tries to open the locker
door and uses a torch light to find the valuable things. The torch light
falls on the LDR gives a signal to the buzzer. It also consist of IR sensor
so if a person try to put his/her hand inside the locker cuts the infrared
ray and it trigger the buzzer.This project uses a 14-stage-ripple-binary
counter to detect the intensity of light through the light dependent
resistor. The relay driver is connected with the binary counter to
control the different loads. The buzzer is attached to the circuit using a
transistor to give an indication to the users.

BACKGROUND.
In the past few years, the crimes and cases within Koronadal has been
gradually arising. The cases of theft has reached 26.82%, robbery cases
with 27.42%, crime vs. property with the percentage of 25.02%, car
napping with the percentage of 2.89%, and crime vs. persons 18.18 %(
PNP annual report, 2015). The alarming percentages of crimes have
triggered us to create this research project. It is because in most of the
places security of cash box, lockers is just estimate to outside of locker.
Which can be easily detected by thief and make it easy to disarm the
security system. so we must needed a security system which works
affectively and not easily detectable in order to provide extra security
in inside of locker

1.1 OBJECTIVE
The main aim of this model is to design an advanced security system for
home and public places like banks,malls,etc to form a society where
safety and security is never a problem.It gives practically and comfort in
a way that smaller houses and other consumers can enjoy its benefits
at cheap rate and with reliability.
This project will be of importance and significance to all people,
household and establishments. It can help prevent the chances of crime
cases which are likely to happen at night and even at day time.
SURVEY OF TECHNOLOGY.
The earliest security system comes from the early 1990's. They were
very expansive at that time and hard to monitor an intrusion. Now the
technology has developed very much more than the old days. LDR and
INFRARED based security system are also known as burglar alarm
systems. In most common security system laser and light dependent
resistor are used. This system is easy to construct and security system,
temperature detecting based security system, infrared security system,
etc. has come into existence. Amons them this system is simple and
effective too.
The electronic eye security control system is founded in the year 1997
and base of operations in New Delhi. There are four kinds of
organizations under these systems, namely electronic eye Pvt.Ltd,
electronic eye systems, Indian institute of science technology and
Mahamahi Exims. Laser based security system creates a complete
collection of surveillance products and high-tech security. These
Systems work on the integration of system and project execution at the
customers place for numerous surveillance products.

3. DESCRIPTION OF THE COMPONENT

3.1 TRANSFORMER (STEP DOWN TRANSFORMER)

3.2 BRIDGE RECTIFIER (FULL WAVE RECTIFIER USING 4-DIODES)

3.3 IC 7805 VOILTAGE REGULATOR

3.4 IC 4060 BINARY RIPPLE COUNTER

3.5 BC548 NPN-TRANSISTOR

3.6 RELAY

3.7 RESISTORS

3.8 CAPACITORS

3.9 LED

3.10 BUZZER

3.11 BATTERY

3.12 PCB

3.13 LDR

3.14 IR SENSOR

3.1 TRANSFORMER
A transformer is a static electrical device that transfers electrical energy
between two or more circuits. A varying current in one coil of the
transformer produces a varying magnetic flux, which, in turn, induces a
varying electromotive force (emf) or "voltage" across a second coil
wound around the same core. Electric power can be transferred
between the two coils, without a metallic connection between the two
circuits. Faraday's law of induction discovered in 1831 described the
induced voltage effect in any coil due to changing magnetic flux
encircled by the coil.
Transformers are used for increasing or decreasing the alternating
voltages in electric power applications.
step down transformer is actually quite simple. This transformer has
more turns of wire on the primary coil as compared to the turns on the
secondary coil. This reduces the induced voltage running through the
secondary coil, which ultimately reduces the output voltage.

3.2 BRIDGE RECTIFIER

A full-wave rectifier converts AC into DC at both the positive and
negative halves of the input waveform to a single polarity (positive
or negative) at its output. By using both halves of the AC
waveform full-wave rectification is more efficient than half wave.
When a simple transformer without a center tapped secondary is
used, four diodes are required instead of the one needed for half-
wave rectification. Four diodes arranged this way are called a
diode bridge or bridge rectifier
3.3 IC 7805 VOLTAGE REGULATOR

A voltage regulator is used to regulate voltage level. When a steady,

reliable voltage is needed, then voltage regulator is the preferred
device. It generates a fixed output voltage that remains constant for
any changes in an input voltage or load conditions. It acts as a buffer for
protecting components from damages.

Voltage sources in a circuit may have fluctuations resulting in not

output voltage at a constant value. 7805 IC, a member of 78xx series of
fixed linear voltage regulators used to maintain such fluctuations, is a
popular voltage regulator integrated circuit (IC). The xx in 78xx indicates
the output voltage it provides. 7805 IC provides +5 volts regulated
power supply.

IC 4060 BINARY RIPPLE COUNTER

 IC- CD4060 is a ripple binary counter/divider.

 It consists of an oscillator section and 14 ripple carry binary

counter stages.

 The oscillator configuration allows design of either RC or crystal

oscillator circuits.

 A RESET input is provided which resets the counter to the all O's
state and disables the oscillator.

 FEATURES OF IC 4060
1. 1.High Voltage Type (20V)
2. 2.Common Reset

3. 12MHz Clock Rate at 15V

4. Fully Static Operation

5. Buffered Inputs and Outputs

6. Schmitt Trigger Input Pulse Line

7. Standardized, Symmetrical Output Characteristics

8. 100% Tested for Quiescent Current at 20V

9. 5V, 10V and 15V Parametric Ratings

TRANSISTOR

Transistor is a semiconductor device that can both conduct and

insulate. A transistor can acts as a switch and an amplifier. It
converts audio waves into electronic waves and resistor,
controlling electronic current. Transistors have very long life,
smaller in size, can operate on lower voltage supplies for greater
safety and required filament current.

N-P-N Transistor- NPN is one of the two types of

bipolar transistors, consisting of a layer of P-doped
semiconductor (the "base") between two N-doped layers. A small
current entering the base is amplified to produce a large collector
and emitter current.
PCB RELAY

Printed circuit board (PCB) relays are compact relay devices used
for power management in control system designs which require the
relay to be mounted directly on the PCB board.
PCB relays are used in application where the relays need to be
small enough to make PCB mounting practical and easy enough to
manufacture with the same machinery used in PCB assembly lines.
The relay used in the project design is the electromechanical relays
consists of coil, armature and contacts. When power is applied to
the coil, the resulting magnetic field causes the armature to move
and the contacts to open or close.
RESISTORS:-

A resistor is a passive two terminal electrical component that

implements electrical resistance as a circuit element. It limits or
regulates the flow of electrical current in an electronic circuit.
Resistors can also be used to provide a specific voltage for an
active device such as a transistor.
CAPACITORS

A capacitor (originally known as a condenser) is a passive two-

terminal electrical component used to store energy electrostatically in
an electric field. The forms of practical capacitors vary widely, but all
contain at least two electrical conductors (plates) separated by a
dielectric (i.e. insulator). The conductors can be thin films, foils or
sintered beads of metal or conductive electrolyte, etc. The non-
conducting dielectric acts to increase the capacitors charge capacity. A
dielectric can be glass, ceramic, plastic film, air, vacuum, paper, mica,
oxide layer etc. Capacitors are widely used as parts of electrical circuits
in many common electrical devices. Unlike a resistor, an ideal capacitor
does not dissipate energy. Instead, a capacitor stores energy in the
form of an electrostatic field between its plates. An ideal capacitor is
characterized by a single constant value for its capacitance. Capacitance
is expressed as the ratio of the electric charge Q on each conductor to
the potential difference V between them. The SI unit of capacitance is
the farad (F), which is equal to one coulomb per volt (1 C/V). Typical
capacitance values range from about I pF to about I mF. Capacitors are
widely used in electronic circuits for blocking direct current while
allowing alternating current to pass.
 ln filter networks, they smooth the output of power supplies. In
resonant circuits they tune radios to particular frequencies. ln electric
power transmission systems, they stabilize voltage and power flow
LED

A light-emitting diode (LED) is a two-lead semiconductor light source. lt

is a pn-junction diode, which emits light when activated. When a
suitable voltage is applied to the leads, electrons are able lo recombine
with electron holes within the device, releasing energy in the form of
photons. This effect is called electroluminescence, and the colour of the
light (corresponding to the energy of the photon) is determined by the
energy band gap of the semiconductor. An LED is often small in area
(less than 1 mm^2) and integrated optical components may be used to
shape its radiation pattern.
BUZZER

A buzzer or beeper is an audio signaling device, it could be mechanical,

electromechanical, or piezoelectric. Mostly, uses of buzzers and
beepers include alarm devices, timers, and confirmation of user input
such as a mouse click or keystroke. When the connection between the
IR and LDR is interrupted the buzzer is triggered and emits a high
pitched siren.
BATTERY

An electric battery is a device consisting of two or more

electrochemical cells that convert stored chemical energy into electrical
energy. Each cell contains a positive terminal, or cathode, and a
negative terminal, or anode. Electrolytes allow ions to move between
the electrodes and terminals. which allows current to flow out of the
battery to perform work. Primary (single-use or "disposable") batteries
are used once and discarded; the electrode materials are inreversibly
changed during discharge. Common examples are the alkaline battery
used for flashlights and a multitude of portable devices. Secondary
(rechargeable batteries) can be discharged and recharged multiple
times; the original composition of the electrodes can be restored by
reverse current. Examples include the lead-acid batteries used in
vehicles and lithium ion batteries used for portable electronics.
Batteries come in many shapes and sizes, from miniature cells used to
power hearing aids and wristwatches to battery banks the size of rooms
that provide standby power for telephone exchanges and computer
data centres.

PCB

Dot PCB board is also called Perfboard is a material for

prototyping electronic circuits. It is a thin, rigid sheet with holes
pre-drilled at standard intervals across a grid. The components are
soldered in their designated locations, such as capacitors, diodes
and integrated circuits.
LDR

A photoresistor or light-dependent resistor (LDR) or photocell is a light-

controlled variable resistor. The resistance of a photoresistor decreases
with increasing incident light intensity; in other words, it exhibits
photoconductivity. A photoresistor can be applied in light-sensitive
detector circuits, and light- and dark-activated switching circuits. A
photoresistor is made of a high resistance semiconductor. In the dark, a
photoresistor can have a resistance as high as a few mega ohms , while
in the light a photoresistor can have a resistance as low as a few
hundred ohms. If incident light on a photoresistor exceeds a certain
frequency, photons absorbed by the semiconductor give bound
electrons enough energy to jump into the conduction band. The
resulting free electrons (and their hole partners) conduct electricity,
tlere by lowering resistance. The resistance range and sensitivity of a
photoresistor can substantially differ among dissimilar devices.
Moreover, unique photoresistors may react substantially differently to
photons within certain wavelength band.
IR SENSOR (INFRARED SENSOR)

An infrared sensor is an electronic device, that emits in order to sense

some aspects of the surroundings. An IR sensor can measure the heat
of an object as well as detects the motion .These types of sensors
measures only infrared radiation, rather than emitting it that is called
as a passive IR sensor. Usually in the infrared spectrum, all the objects
radiate some form of thermal radiations. These types of radiations are
invisible to our eyes, that can be detected by an infrared sensor. The
emitter is simply an IR LED (Light Emitting Diode) and the detector is
simply an IR photodiode which is sensitive to IR light of the same
wavelength as that emitted by the IR LED. When IR light falls on the
photodiode, The resistances and these output voltages, change in
proportion to the magnitude of the IR light received.
SYSTEM DESIGN
CONCEPTUAL MODLE
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM EXPLAINATION
WORKING
If the cash box is in closed condition the interior will be dark. Hence in
the dark, LDR1 resets CD4060 and it stops oscillating and counting.

So neither the piezobuzzer sounds, nor the relay energizes, indicating

that the cash box is closed.

If someone tries to open the door of the cash box, light most probably
from the burglar’s pen torch falls on LDR fitted into the cash box. As a
result, LDR conducts and goes low

Hence pin 14 of IC1 goes high for two seconds after the door is opened
and goes low for another two seconds. So the piezobuzzer (PZ1) sounds
for two seconds and then falls silent for the following two seconds. This
cycle repeats until the cash box is closed
ADVANTAGES
1. Cheaper in cost than other security system.

2. Less maintenance required

3. As it does not have any software so its operation is easy.

4. Work always with same accuracy.

5. Easy to carry at any place.

APPLICATION
1. This system can be used for security purpose in domestics as well
as commercial places.
2. This system provide extra security to lockers,cash box .
3. It can be used in door opening security system also.

FUTURE SCOPE
The future scope of this project can be augmented by implementing it
by using a GSM modem and a microcontroller. The GSM modem can be
interfaced to the microcontroller to send and receive SMS to the user in
case of burglary.
CONCLUSION
Laser security system provides us the security against any crime, theft
in our day to day life and so people are installing them in order to stay
safe, secure and sound. Various electronic security systems can be used
at home and other important working places for security and safety
purposes. lt is a great opportunity and source of saving man power
contributing no wastage of electricity. The " Security System" is an
important helping system. Using this system robbery, thefts & crime
can be avoided to large extend. Avoiding thieves results in the safety of
our financial assets and thereby this system provides us protection
against all. The IR & LDR system is highly sensitive. The system senses
the light falling over the LDR connected with the circuit or Whenever
the beam of light is interrupted by any means, it triggers the alarm or
siren. This highly reactive approach has low computational
requirement, therefore it is well suited to surveillance, industrial
application and smart environments
RESULT
The IR and LDR based Security System has been successfully designed
and developed. The buzzer is turned on as the light beam falling on the
LDR or even whenever it get interrupted by any mean. The
experimental model was made according to the circuit diagram and the
result were as expected. using of infrared laser could make the laser not
visible to human eye
REFERENCE
http://en.wikipedia,org/wiki/Main-Page

http://facebook.com/groups/428951677186998/

htte://www.circuitssallerv.com/2O I 2/09/home-security-alarm.html