CAPE COAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY

SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING

ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

PROJECT TOPIC

DESIGE OF ELECTRONIC EYE SECURITY CONTROLS

SYSTEM USING LIGHT DEPENDENT RESISTOR (LDR).

BY

MOSES APPIAH

KENNETH WIAFE ANNOR

PROJECT WORK SUMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONIC

ENGINEERING, CAPE COAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSIRTY IN PARTIAL FUFULMENT
OF THE REQUIRMENT FOR THE AWARD OF HIGHER NATIONAL DIPLOMA IN
ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING.
 DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to our HOD Mr. Alhansan Mumuni and our supervisor Mr.Theophilus
Anofo and the staff of Cope Coast Technical University department.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We express our profound and deepest gratitude to God almighty for his grace and mercy that has
enable us to make this work successfully.

Our appreciation goes to our supervisor, Theophilus Anofo who is also the project coordinator
for being there for us.

We also thank people whose names has not been mentioned, but have contributed in one way or
the other to make this our project success.
ABSTRACT
Electronic eye security is also called magic eye. This also provides security when any person is
trying to enter your home without your permission.

Electronic eye security system is the electronic device that continuously watches if anyone is
visiting our home. In the power supply 9v supply is converted to the 5v. The Light Dependent
Resistor (LED) when shadow falls on it. The main principle of the circuit is to turn on the LED
when there is any person at the entrance. Light on the LDR whether a person is present or not.
When there is any object at the entrance. LDR is in dark the LED starts glowing.
Table of Contents
DEDICATION........................................................................................................................................2

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.......................................................................................................................3

ABSTRACT............................................................................................................................................4

CHAPTER ONE......................................................................................................................................6

INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................................................6

1.1 Background.......................................................................................................................................6

1.2 Problem Statement.............................................................................................................................6

1.3 Objectives of the project....................................................................................................................6

1.4 Significance of the project.................................................................................................................6

1.5 Justification.......................................................................................................................................7

1.6 Limitation..........................................................................................................................................7

1.7 Delimitation.......................................................................................................................................7

CHAPTER TWO.....................................................................................................................................8

LITERATURE REVIEW........................................................................................................................8

2.1 General Characteristics of Electronics Eye security Control System.................................................8

2.2 Theoretical Framework......................................................................................................................8

2.3 Function block diagram.....................................................................................................................8

CHAPTER THREE...............................................................................................................................10

METHODOLOGY................................................................................................................................10

3.1 Research Design..............................................................................................................................10

3.2 Circuit diagram................................................................................................................................11

3.3 Instrumentation (Construction, validity and reliability)...................................................................12

3.4 procedures.......................................................................................................................................12

CHAPTER FOUR.................................................................................................................................13
CACULATION, RESULT AND DISCUSSION...................................................................................13

4.1 Discussion.......................................................................................................................................13

4.2 Result...............................................................................................................................................13

CHAPTER FIVE...................................................................................................................................14

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION.....................................................................................14

5.2 Summary.........................................................................................................................................14

5.2 Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................14

Reference...............................................................................................................................................15
 CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
Electrical eye security control is designed as a security system based on

Light dependent resistor and photo sensor. This concept can help to detect theft cases from
banks, homes, stores and offices. The system is based on electronic eye that is LDR sensor
(Light Dependent Resistor).

When light falls on the on the sensor, its resistance drastically decreases which leads to
triggering an alarm to the user. This system

1.2 Problem Statement

It has become very difficult to have proper security at banks, malls, stores and house because of
not having the advance gadget to protect our security system. Relying on human effort alone can
also lead to failure of our security aspect which can cause havoc to the properties.

But with the help of the electronic eye security control system will help to improve our security
wise and will also make it easy to detect an authorize person who is trying to entered into our
house, mall, and stores.

1.3 Objectives of the project

The objective of project is to design an electronic eye security control system. The electronic eye
security systems available in the market are expensive, and programming is very difficult for a
micro controller-based system. Here is a simple and inexpensive electronic eye security system
that you can build easily. Main objective of this project is to design a security system based on a
photo-sensing arrangement.

1.4 Significance of the project

The electronic eye security control system is broadly utilized within corporate work places,
commercial places, shopping centers and etcetera.

This system is also used in railway stations, public place. This system has profoundly welcomed,
since it might be worked from a remote zone. These systems also utilized as access control
system, fire recognition and avoidance system and attendance record system. As the crime rates
are increasing day by day, most of the people are usually not feeling comfortable until they
provide sure for their security either it may be at office or at home. The better way is to choose
electronic system for security purpose.

1.5 Justification
This circuit was build based on so many reasons.

To improve security factor by providing adequate or advanced gadget that will help to protect
our properties against robbers. To detect theft cases in our stores and even our various houses. To
release pressure whereby human being have been used for security to our properties. To give
good protection to the banks, malls, houses and stores.

1.6 Limitation
The original circuit was comprised of some component in it like 820kὬ, 220Ὤ, 100k Ὤ, resistor
and BC547 transistor and one buzzer to give a second. But this circuit does not have all the
component in the circuit but there is LDR which work the same as the original circuit. This
circuit was done this way because of money issues in our country and also to make the circuit
affordable to buy in market.

CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
This chapter explains what electronic eye security control system is, and it function what content
of and what its working principle.

2.1 General Characteristics of Electronics Eye security Control System

The term eye security is also called as magic eye, it a one type electronic device used for
lookout always if any person is visiting your home.

Nowadays, automation is an emerging technology. For example, a doorbell our home. this
system gives safety for home when any illegal person is trying to enter into your home without
our concerned. A similar kind of this project designed was operational only in the day where
there in enough light intensity to cast a shadow on the LDR in order to detect an intruder by
triggering the alarm and also switch on the LED. Because during the night the LDR is already
in dark and will cause the alarm and the light to switch on even if there is no intruder at the
entrance of the gate. In view of this. In view of this we considered the use of sport light to
provided adequate light in tensity to ensure the continuity of operation of the electronic eye
security control system.

2.2 Theoretical Framework

The principle of electronic eye security control systems

The main principle of the circuit is to ring blow alarm of the doorbell when there is any person at
the entrance. Light on the LDR is in dark and buzzer starts ringing and the LED stats blowing.

2.3 Function block diagram

The block diagram of the electronic eye security control system mainly consist of battery, slide
switch, light dependent resistor (LDR), ripple IC, transistor, buzzer, relay, bulb, diode,
transformer, capacitor and resistors the main principle of this electronic eye security control
system is to give a buzzer when there is any person at the door entrance. When the light falls on
LDR falls whether a person at the entrance of the door is present or not.
Figure 2.1 block diagram of electronic eye security control system

(Saurabh Vinayak Lawate and M. S. Al)

 CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY
This chapter explain the component used in the electronic eye security control system and also
above let see about some qualities of device.

3.1 Research Design

Early days with advancement of technology things are becoming simpler and easier for user.
Automated systems/ machines are being preferred over manual systems. In this paper the basic
definition needed to understand the project better and further defines the technical criteria to be
implemented as a part of this project. Automation reduces the need of human work and also the
use of control system and information technologies reduce the need for human work in the
production of goods and services. In the scope of industrialization, home automation is a step
beyond mechanization. For machineries mechanization provide human operation with machinery
to assist them with muscular requirement of work, where automation greatly reduces the need for
human sensory and mental requirement as well. Automation in security systems plays an
increasingly important role in the world economy. Automation security system are being prefer
over manual system. Though this paper we have tried to show home automation security system
control of a house as a result of which power is saved to some extent with the help of home
automation for door image capture for security system. The diagram for the pr opposed system is
shown in fig 3.2.0 below. ( Lee,J.V., Chuah, Y.D. and Chai, C.T. 2013)
3.2 Circuit Design

Figure 2.7 circuit diagram for electronic eye security system by

(Durranni,1997)

The circuit diagram shows each component how it is been arrange. Here the pin junction of the
photo diode gives light current when it is forward biased. The circuit is divided into two part it
has it said in chapter two that one is power supply and the second one is logic circuit. The supply
converts 9volts to 5volts and the logic circuit operate the buzzer whenever shadow fall on it.
Power supply circuit comprise of battery, capacitor, regulation and diodes. The purpose of using
diode in the circuit is to avoid negative voltage. The regulator is use to regulate output voltage
and the capacitor are served to eliminate the ripples thus the constant produce voltage at the
output of regulator is applied to the logic circuit

The logic circuit mainly consist of Light Dependent Resistor, transistor, op- amp IC and a
buzzer. A 220k ohms resistor is connected in series to the Light Dependent Resistor (LDR).
LDR will have resistance in mega ohms when it is placed in dark. This resistance value will
decrease gradually when it is placed in the light. Thus, there is a variation in the series resistance.
When the LDR is in dark it has high resistance and produce the logic. (Durrani,1997)

Circuit Component.

7805 Regulator

Transistors – BC 547 x 2

1N4007 PN Diode

Resistors – 220Ω x 2, 1KΩ x 2, 100KΩ

Capacitors – 1µF, 10µF

LED

Buzzer

Light Dependent Resistor (LDR)

9V battery

Connecting wires

Breadboard

High value at the output. When the LDR is in light, the resistance value of the LDR decrease
and at the not gate will give logic low voltage. The op-amp used in 1.M358. This IC compares
the two inputs and produces an output which in applied to the transistor. Two transistors are
connected to the buzzer from there resistor invert the input from op-amp.

3.3 Instrumentation (Construction, validity and reliability)

Every information provided or concerning this project were properly collected from every
individual in the group. The information provided in this project were from trusted and reliable
source
3.4 procedures
. This circuit was simulated by using proteus where each component were tested at their various
position in the circuit.

. The circuit was tested on breadboard to check the performance and the function of each
component and also to check if they are properly connected before transferring to the original
board used for the construction.

. Initially, connect the circuit as shown in the bread board.

. Now connect the supply voltage of 9v using battery.

. Place the Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) in light, you can see / observed no sound is
produced from the buzzer.

. Place the LDR in dark buzzer start ringing, LED connected the buzzer starting blinking.

. As the intensity falling on the LDR increases sound produced by then buzzer increases.
 CHAPTER FOUR
CACULATION, RESULT AND DISCUSSION
This chapter deal with the discussion and the result obtained after the designing if the electronic
eye security control systems.

4.1 Discussion
The battery produces DC power .an electrical battery is a combination of one or more
electrochemical cells, used to convert stored chemical energy into electrical energy.

The battery has become a common power source for many household, robotic and industrial
applications. Larger batteries provide standby power for telephone or computer data sentences.
A well design electronic eye security control systems is durable and simple concept. it is
advisable to build the circuit at a good point which will be more effective to detect an authorize
person trying to enter into your house without your concern.

4.2 Result
The design of the electronic eye security control systems outlet with the circuit illustrated in
figure 3.1 comprises of 9v battery, voltage, registration, capacitors, Light Dependent Resistor
(LDR), transistors, diode, Light Emitting diodes, buzzer and connecting wires. The battery
supplies an 9v DC energy. The voltage regulator regulated 9v to 5v dc which is the output.
Other resistance
 CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
This chapter deals with the summery, conclusion and the recommendation of the above chapter
of electronic eye security control system.

5.2 Summary
The final part of this project work will highlight the conclusion and findings and the
recommendation made to the work

5.2 Conclusion
Above all, individual involve in this design have acquired a lot of knowledge in electronic eye
security control systems and its important. project topics such as these expose student to newly
and underdeveloped technology which made to be critically examined and utilized in in
developing countries such as ours. security agency for domestic and commercial purposes
should have for so long developed on human effort and security cameras and it is about time
electronic eye security control system to developed as a means of security sources to ensure
reliability, environmental protection, less operations and maintenance costs and others advantage
that will go a long way to reduce down cost and expenses made on the security wise systems that
is currently in operation.

Development of the electronic eye security in Ghana will bring added skills to every individual
and go a long way to reduce boredom due to security improvement.

Finally, electronic eye security control system is secure and government should have critical
consideration for it.
 REFERENCE

K. Vidyasagar*, K. Swathi and P. Nagasekhar “An Electronic Security Monitoring System Using GSM
Communication”.

Saurabh Vin

References
Pal, A. (2019). Electronic Eye Controlled Security System. www.jetir.org, Volume 6, Issue 4.

ayak Lawate and M. S. Al “Electronic Eye for Security System”.

Olagbegi P.O, Kwasi-Effah C.C , Ugbi B. A” An Experimental Access Control System For Enhancing Security
And Safety In University Campuses”.

Lee, J.V., Chuah, Y.D. and Chai, C.T. 2013. A multilevel home security system (MHSS). Int. J. Smart Home.
7(2): 49- 60.

Nandeesh, G.S., Srinivasalu Reddy, B. and Sunil Kumar, K.M. 2014. Intelligent security system for
industries by using GPS and GSM. Int. J. Adv. Res. Comp. Sci. Technol. 2(1):119-121.

Bangali, J. and Shaligram, A. 2013. Design and implementation of security systems for smart home based
on GSM technology. Int. J. Smart Home. 7(6): 201-208.

Alkar, A. Z., and Buhur, U., „An Internet Based Wireless Home Automation System for Multifunctional
Devices‟, IEEE Consumer Electronics, vol. 51, no. 4, pp. 1169-1174.

Md. Abdullah Al Asad, Md. Al Muzahid and Md. S. Faruk “Design and Development of SMS Based
Wireless Home Appliance Control and Security”.

Shahriyar, R., Hoque, E., Sohan, S. M., and Naim, I.,” Remote Controlling of Home Appliances using
Mobile Telephony”, International Journal of Smart Home, vol. 2, no. 3, 37-54.

10. Sriskanthan, N., and Karande, T., ‘Bluetooth Based Home Automation Systems’, Journal of
Microprocessors and Microsystems, vol. 26, pp. 281-289.

11. Wang, J. C.; Lee, H. P., Wang, J. F., and Lin, C. B., ‘Robust Environmental Sound Recognition for Home
Automation’, Automation Science and Engineering, IEEE Transactions, vol.5, no.1, pp.25-31.

12. Jer-Vui Lee, Yea-Dat Chuah and Chin-Tin Chai,A Multilevel Home Security System, International
Journal of Smart Home Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 49-60, March, 2013.

JETIR1904K38 Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir