TAKORADI TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL / ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING

BTECH ELECRTICAL ENGINEERING (TOP UP)
PROJECT PROPOSAL ENTITLED
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF AN LED DISPLAY BOARD WITH A
MOTION SENSOR
BY
NAME INDEX
RANDY DADZIE BT/EEP/23/123
EVANS AMETEPE BT/EEP/23/144
 CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background of the study

A Light-Emitting Diode (LED) Display is a flat panel display which makes use of an orderly arranged
collection of light-emitting diodes as pixels in a video or picture display to portray information from the
user to anyone who sees it. This Light emitting diode (LED sign board, also known as an advertising sign,
feature small lights running the perimeter of the black frame. This module displays ‘SAFETY SIGNS’ at
the Electrical lab to students, when he or she is within its range of 2cm to 400cm and goes OFF 5
seconds after the students leaves. The purpose of this module is to advice electrical students to develop
and utilize appropriate work procedures for electrical safety and to remediate electrical hazards when
possible. Laboratory hazards for electrical students usually include shock, burn or fire hazard. This
module displays, educate electrical students on mandatory personal protective equipment that must be
worn at the Electrical Laboratory.

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Problem statements
The Light emitting diode (LED) display method of portraying messages to the view is vastly
superior to previously used indigenous methods (sign boards, notice board etc.). But like every
device, while performing its tasks, studies have shown it also has its various disadvantages. Some of
its disadvantages are as follows. The Light emitting diode (LED) board display module serves in
purpose but consumes unnecessary excess energy in its work. This is because, while it displays the
information the user wants to send out while a person is within the range to see it, the light emitting
diode (LED) board also displays when there is no body around to see what it is advertising. This
causes waste of energy, given, all the time there was no one to see what is been displayed it, would
still be using power. Another problem with the current module is, it is not intelligent. Intelligent in
the sense that, the module has no way to determine when to turn on and turn off. It there for burdens
the user to switch it ON and OFF manually every time.

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3 Aims of study

The aim of the study is to build an electronic device that can be used to display messages to the
viewer using Light emitting diode (LED) board modified with a motion sensor. This module
displays ‘SAFETY SIGNS (PPE)’ at the Electrical Lab to improve safety, prevents accidents and
injuries, also alerting viewers to potential safety hazards when he or she is within its range and goes
OFF after the viewer leaves.

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Objectives of study

 To design an energy efficient system

 To design a decision automated system
 To design an automatic charging system
 To educate viewers on the mandatory personal protective equipment (PPE) that must be worn at the
Electrical Lab.

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5 Significance of study

 Energy efficient and cost effective

 Increased safety awareness
 Timely and relevant safety information
 Increased Visibility

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 CHAPTER TWO
METHODOLOGY
Introduction

This chapter focuses on the method used in construction of the project. It focuses on the various block
diagrams, circuit diagrams, simulation of the module before it being built and components in the construction
of circuit board for the sensor. A block diagram of the proposed the modules system design is shown in the
Fig below . It also shows that the project talked about above can be built. The main parts of the system are
the Light emitting diode (LED) display board, the Arduino circuit board and the sensor being used. This
chapter also provides more knowledge about the Light emitting diode (LED) display board with the
combination of the ultrasonic sensor, the Arduino circuit and the Light emitting diode (LED) a self-efficient
and energy efficient can be integrated to form the above stated module. The objectives of this project, is to
show that the design of a power efficient and decision automated system can be built. The module will be
built with modern type of Light emitting diode (LED) display and modified with an ultrasonic sensor. The
use of Arduino programming application will be used to code to system to the desired parameters. 7
Circuit Operation

The circuit takes a 240ACV and 50Hz supply from the power supply source. The power is then rectified to a 12
DC voltage to supply to the system. The microcontroller only uses a 5V to operate. A 5V regulator is connected
to the microcontroller. The 5V regulator supplies this 5V constantly to the microcontroller. The microcontroller is
then connected the ultrasonic sensor. When the ultrasonic sensor sends out a signal and detects an object, its then
sends a signal to the relay section to allow power to flow to the Light emitting diode (LED) strips to turn On and
display the desired texts. After the object has left the range of the sensor, the sensor will detect it. This is because
the object will no longer be present to bounce back the signal of the ultrasonic sensor. The Light emitting diode
(LED) turn Off five seconds after the object has left the range of the sensor.

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Major Components
1. Ultrasonic sensor
In our module the ultrasonic sensor is used to detect objects mainly people to trigger the Light emitting
diode (LED) to turn and display the desired text. Objects like fabric and carpet can absorb acoustic signals.
If the signal is absorbed in the target object’s end, it cannot reflect back to the sensor, and hence, the
distance cannot be measured. Ultrasonic sensors can detect a variety of materials, regardless of shape,
transparency, or color. The only requirement for ultrasonic sensing is that the target material is a solid or
liquid. This enables contactless detection of Metal, Plastic, Glass, Wood, Rocks, Sand, Oil, Water. Other
hard, non-sound absorbent materials These materials are able to reflect sound back towards the sensor
through the air. Certain objects can be more difficult to detect, like angled surfaces that direct the 4 echoes
away from the sensor, or permeable targets like sponge, foam, and soft clothing.

2. Power unit

In our module a power supply of 240v AC 50 Hz was used to power the system. Our supply unit transfers
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an amount of 240V power to the system. It provides power to the circuit board.
3. Arduino Board

Arduino board is an electronic component used a variety of microprocessor and controllers for coding
and programing. The boards are equipped with sets of digital and analog input/output(I/O) pins that may
be interfaced to various expansion boards (shields) or breadboards (for prototyping) and other circuits. In
our module the Arduino board is used to program the ultrasonic sensor to detect the object and turn on
the LEDs.

4. Acrylic Glass

Another major component of our module is the acrylic glass. The glass is used to display the design or
the text desired. With the acrylic glass, our desired text will be written on the glass using a tool called
engraving drill. The text will be first written using a marker and then later drilled using the engraving
drill.

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5. LED strips

Light emitting diode (LED) strip is also another component in our module. The Light emitting diode
(LED) is a semiconductor light source that emit light when current flow through it. The electrons in the
semiconductor recombine with electron holes, releasing energy in form of photons. Specifically Light
emitting diode (LED) strips were used in the construction. In our module the Light emitting diode (LED)
strips were used to touched around the sides of the glass. The Light emitting diode (LED) provides a light
source to glass to display the text clearly.

6. Vero board

This component serves as the bed on which all the minor components such as transistor, resistor, relay etc.
and the Arduino board unit rest on. It is on this component that Arduino unit is placed to program it. It also
serves as the connect to the power supply unit. It also serves as the connection between the LED strips the
Arduino and other minor component.
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 REFERENCES

 An interactive Light emitting diode (LED) Display System with Motion Sensor Technology by Y.
K. Chau, K. W. Chau and W. H. Ip. Published in the Journal of Information and
Communications Technology, vol. 10, n0.2(2011), pp. 199-208.

 Design and Implementation of a smart Light emitting diode (LED) Display Board with Motion
Sensor by Xiaojing Wang and Jingxin Guo. Published in the Journal of Ambient Intelligence and
Humanized Computing, vol 10, no. 1 (2019), pp. 45-56

 Low and Efficient power Light emitting diode (LED) Display Board with Motion Sensor by Y.
Wang, Y. J. Lui and J.B. Li Published in the Journal of Energy and Power Engineering, vol 10, no
1 (2016), pp. 19-44.

 An Automatic Light emitting diode (LED) Display Board with Motion Sensor and Light Detection
by X. Q. Chen, Z. J. Li and X. H. Zhang. Published in the Journal of Engineering Technologies in
Electronics, vol. 6, no. 4 (2018), pp. 245-248. 12
THANK YOU

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