CONTENTS

1. Abstract

2. Introduction

3. Block Diagram

4. Circuit Diagram

5. Advantages

6. Applications

7. Refferences
 1. ABSTRACT
This project aims at achieving automation using the widely used mobile operating system
Node MCU i.e. android operating system. The electrical and home appliances can be
controlled using the android mobile phones even if you are out of your house and you forgot
to switch off the appliances. Many electrical and home appliances like light, fan, refrigerators
etc., can be controlled using the android operating system. This can also be implemented at
workplaces. Home automation is the residential extension of building automation. It is
automation of the home, housework or household activity. Home automation may include
centralized control of lighting, HVAC (heating, ventilation and air conditioning), appliances,
security locks of gates and doors and other systems, to provide improved convenience,
comfort, energy efficiency and security. Home automation for the elderly and disabled can
provide increased quality of life for persons who might otherwise require caregivers or
institutional care.

2. INTRODUCTION
In the past few years, home automation segment has seen a rapid advancement and with that
advancement, the evolution and development of new and improved technologies. With
advancement of Automation Technology, life is getting simpler and easier in all aspects. In
today’s world, Automatic systems are being preferred over manual systems. Internet of
Things is the latest emerging internet technology and has got its origin from home
automation. The pivotal difference between standard home automation devices and IoT
devices is that the IoT devices can transfer and share data over the existing network
framework. Also, IoT devices are capable of being controlled remotely over the internet.
Present technologies have to rely on different protocols for communication. Also some
proprietary and some standard like Wi-MAX, Ethernet, Bluetooth, Z-Wave, Fiber Optics.
The major problem with all these protocols is that they are not suited with each other. This
paper uses basic and most extensively used standard like IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi). The content
of this paper is as follows: Section II gives a brief idea about the existing available work.
Section III describes the new system with block diagram. Section IV gives the hardware and
the software implementation details. Finally, section V provides a conclusion.
3.BLOCK DIAGRAM OF HOME AUTOMATION AND SECURITY
SYSTEM

RELAY BULB

Power

supply NODEMCU
RELAY FAN
ESP8266

MQ2 BUZZER
sensor

se

4.CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF HOME AUTOMATION AND

SECURITY SYSTEM
 Components Required:-
 NODEMCU(ESP8622)
 MQ-2 Sensor
 Bc547
 220Ω
 LED
 Buzzer
 Relay
 Bulb
 12v power supply

 Software Used:-
 Arduino IDE
 Blynk App

 NODEMCU
NodeMCU An open-source firmware and development kit that helps you to prototype
your IOT product within a few Lua script lines. After flashing this firmware user can code
in LUA scripting language. Simple ESP8266 can only be used to connect other micro-
controllers like Arduino to internet with its inbuilt Wifi chip. But with
NodeMCU development kit this hardware module can use its GPIO pins to connect to
other peripherals without help of any other micro-controller. That means you can program
NodeMCU to work with other devices using GPIO along with connected Wifi. This make
NodeMCU ideal for use in Iot projects. These can be programmed and then
connected with other hardware like relays, buttons etc via GPIO and also to Wifi. Over
wifi they can contact with some more powerful machines like raspberrypi using protocols
like MQTT. Using Wifi these nodes can transfer states to main machine located on
network or some sort of server. Server/Main machine can also issue commands to these
nodes which they can perform as per their programming.
 NodeMCU Hardware

 ESP8266 : It is main chip which with inbuilt Wifi

 Voltage regulators
 Status LED : This LED is basically used to show current status like
flashing/booting
 MicroUSB port : Connect board to Computer for programming and
powering the board.
 Reset/Flash buttons : Perform actions on board.
 GPIO pins : To connect board with other peripherals.
  MQ2 SENSOR
MQ2 sensors are used in gas leakage detecting equipment in family and industry, and are
suitable for detecting LPG, i-butane, propane, methane ,alcohol, Hydrogen, smoke.
Features

 Wide detecting scope

 Fast response and High sensitivity
 Stable and long life
 Simple drive circuit

 LED
A light emitting diode (LED) is a two-lead semiconductor light source. It is p-n junction
diode that emits light when activated. When a suitable voltage is applied to the leads,
electrons are able to recombine with electron holes within the device, releasing energy in
the form of photons. This effect is called electroluminescence, and the colour of light is
determined by the energy band gap of the semiconductor.
  BUZZER
A buzzer is an audio signaling device which may be used in alarm devices, timers and other
forms of alerts. They may be mechanical, electromechanical, or piezoelectric .

Electromechanical buzzers use a relay connected to interrupt its own actuating current,
causing the contacts to buzz. Mechanical buzzers are purely mechanical and require drivers.
Piezoelectric elements are driven by an oscillating electronic circuit or other audio signal
source, driven with a piezoelectric audio amplifier.

 RESISTORS
A resistor is a two-terminal electrical component that implements electrical resistance
as a circuit element. In electronic circuits, resistors are used to reduce current flow, adjust
signal levels, to divide voltages, bias active elements, and terminate transmission lines,
among other uses.

 RELAY
A relay is an electrically operated switch. Many relays use an electromagnet to mechanically
operate a switch, but other operating principles are also used, such as solid-state relays.
Relays are used where it is necessary to control a circuit by a separate low-power signal, or
where several circuits must be controlled by one signal. The first relays were used in long
distance telegraph circuits as amplifiers: they repeated the signal coming in from one circuit
and re-transmitted it on another circuit. Relays were used extensively in telephone exchanges
and early computers to perform logical operations.

 Arduino IDE
The Arduino integrated development environment (IDE) is a cross-platform application
(for Windows, macOS, Linux) that is written in the programming language Java. It is used to
write and upload programs to Arduino compatible boards, but also, with the help of 3rd party
cores, other vendor development boards.
The source code for the IDE is released under the GNU General Public License, version
2. The Arduino IDE supports the languages C and C++ using special rules of code
structuring.[4] The Arduino IDE supplies a software library from the Wiring project, which
provides many common input and output procedures. User-written code only requires two
basic functions, for starting the sketch and the main program loop, that are compiled and
linked with a program stub main() into an executable cyclic executive program with the GNU
toolchain, also included with the IDE distribution. [5] The Arduino IDE employs the
program avrdude to convert the executable code into a text file in hexadecimal encoding that
is loaded into the Arduino board by a loader program in the board's firmware.

 Blynk application
Blynk is a Platform with iOS and Android apps to control Arduino, Raspberry Pi and the
likes over the Internet. It’s a digital dashboard where you can build a graphic interface for
your project by simply dragging and dropping widgets. It’s really simple to set everything up
and you'll start tinkering in less than 5 mints. Blynk is not tied to some specific board or
shield. Instead, it's supporting hardware of your choice. Whether your Arduino or Raspberry
Pi is linked to the Internet over Wi-Fi, Ethernet or this new ESP8266 chip, Blynk will get you
online and ready for the Internet of Your Things.
Blynk Server is an Open-Source Netty based Java server, responsible for forwarding
messages between Blynk mobile application and various microcontroller boards (i.e.
Arduino, Raspberry Pi. Etc).Blynk Cloud is software written on Java using plain TCP/IP
sockets and running on our server. Blynk iOS and Android apps connect to Blynk Cloud by
default. Access is free for every Blynk user. To run Blynk Server, all we need is Java
Runtime Environment.

 Working:-
We will connect the ESP8266 module to our mobile or laptop to a data cable. After
connecting it the kit will be ON.
Setting up blynk
 First install the Blynk app from google play store and then sign in
 After that Press on click on New Project and you will get a screen (Refer Screen
shots)
 Enter the name of your project, I have given it as led
 Then Select the Board as ESP8266
 And then you will see below the authentication token no. If you want it in your email
you can send it through email also
 And then Finally click on to the create button
 Now you will get your dashboard screen. Just click on the top most button "+" on the
right corner to add widgets to your project.
 In this project we add a simple button and then configure its settings as Digital GP13
pin. (Refer Screen Shots)
 It’s your choice you can either have the button set as push type or as a switch
 Then label the Button as ON and OFF in the settings
 Note that since Blynk is free only to an extent, you must choose your widgets wisely
 After uploading the code
 Open the Blynk app in the Phone
 Let it connect to the internet
 Then you would see your dashboard with a button
 Press Play button on the top most right corner of the app
 Then Alas!! Press the Button and you would see the LED Turn ON!!!

5. ADVANTAGES
 The inefficiency of operation of conventional wall switches can be overwhelmed
using various home automation systems (without using conventional switching
methods).
 The loss of power can be reduced and manpower required for home automation is
very less compared to conventional methods.
 The IR, RF, android application, Arduino, Bluetooth, DTMF, etc., based home
automation systems can be more efficient, provides ease of operation.
 Provides safety from electrical power short circuits while using conventional wall
switches to operate loads.
 Home automation system with automated door locking and security cameras
facilitates more security.
 By using a home automation system, we can save a lot of time to operate home
appliances from anywhere (without wasting time to move from office to home for
just unlocking door for family members to enter the home).

6. APPLICATIONS
 Put off the Bathroom Fan Automatically we all have a tendency to leave the
bathroom fans on. Also many a times we forget to put it off which consist us a lot
of electricity wastage. Now if you have a home automation system you can
probably set a timer inside the bathroom that will automatically stop the fan at the
set time. This way the fan will go off even if you forget to put it off manually. If
you are worried that the fan will go off when a person is inside the bathroom then
you can fix a motion detector too so that the fan does not go off when there is
motion inside the room.
 Turn Your Webcam into a Security Camera Instead of installing a surveillance
camera you can always use the webcam for keeping track on your children as it
can successfully perform the activity of taking note of all activities. Also it is
 cheap and very minute and the activities can be checked with the help of the
internet.
 Install a Wireless Intercom You are busy eating your food and suddenly you see
the vegetables are over. You call out to your spouse to give you some who is busy
in some work. You have to scream at the top of your voice which is very
embarrassing. Instead of shouting you could simply attach a wireless intercom and
call out to her and ask her for the vegetable. In this way you can save your energy
and time too. Capture Party Moments without using your Digital Camera or
DSLR The best way to capture party moments without your DSL would be with
the help of a webcam. Set the time and let it go on capturing videos and images.
There are software’s available for windows. The software helps in saving the
captured pictures as JPEG files. In that case you no more need to worry to take
your camera along if you have a webcam with you.
 Use Automatic Sprinklers to Water your Garden You can make your own DIY
automatic sprinkler that will reduce your effort of dragging the sprinklers out in
the garden. Again you can set a time so that the sprinkler automatically sprinkles
water in the yard at the set time. Now that you know what a home automation
system can do and how it can be make your life easy, make sure you install one
soon at your home as I am sure you are thrilled about the system after reading its
works.

7. REFERENCES

 Vishwateja Mudiam Reddy, Naresh Vinay, Tapan Pokharna, Shashank Shiva Kumar
Jha, “Internet of Things Enables Smart Switch.”
 Khusvinder Gill, Shuang-Hua Yang, Fang Yao, Xin Lu, “A ZigBee-Based Home
Automation System.”
 Salma Nasrin, Dr. P J Radcliffe, “Novel Protocol Enables DIY Home Automation.”
Carelin Felix, I. Jacob Raglend, “Home Automation using GSM.”
 Rozita Teymourzadeh, Salah Addin Ahmed, Kok Wai Chan, Mok Vee Hoong, “Smart
GSM based Home Automation System.”