Certificate

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oll
no.

Name : ROZATKAR AJAY S.

Of Diploma in Electronics & Communication Eng. has satisfactorily

completed the term work in subject Project I Subject Code no. 3351104 within
four walls of Government Polytechnic ,Ahmedabad-15 as partial fulfillment of
Diploma in Electronics & Communication Engineering.

Date of submission:

Subject in-charge Head Of Department

N.R. MERCHANT A.R. CHANDEGRA

 Certificate
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oll
no.

Name : RAJPUT ROHIT V.

Of Diploma in Electronics & Communication Eng. has satisfactorily

completed the term work in subject Project I Subject Code no. 3351104 within
four walls of Government Polytechnic ,Ahmedabad-15 as partial fulfillment of
Diploma in Electronics & Communication Engineering.

Date of submission:

Subject in-charge Head Of Department

N.R. MERCHANT A.R. CHANDEGRA

N.R. MERCHANT

Certificate

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oll
no.

Name PATIL SHUBHAM S.

Of Diploma in Electronics & Communication Eng. has satisfactorily

completed the term work in subject Project I Subject Code no. 3351104 within
four walls of Government Polytechnic ,Ahmedabad-15 as partial fulfillment of
Diploma in Electronics & Communication Engineering.

Date of submission:

Subject in-charge Head Of Department

N.R. MERCHANT A.R. CHANDEGRA
 GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC, AHMEDABAD

ARDUINO BASED RADAR SYSTEM

BY
NAME: ROZATKAR AJAY S.

NAME: RAJPUT ROHIT V.

NAME: PATIL SHUBHAM S.

FACULTY NAME: N.R.MERCHANT

PRINCIPAL: PANKAJ M PATEL

PROJECT: RADAR SYSTEM

Submitted

To

Electronics & Communication Engineering Department Government

Polytechnic, Ahmedabad-380015
  Acknowledgement

The success and final outcome of this project required a lot of guidance and assistance from
many people and I am extremely privileged to have got this all along the completion of my
project. All that I have done is only due to such supervision and assistance and I would not forget
to thank them.

I respect and N.R. MERCHANT for providing me an opportunity to do the project work in
ARDUINO BASED RADAR SYSTEM and giving us all support and guidance which made me
complete the project duly. I am extremely thankful to him for providing such a nice support and
guidance, although he had busy schedule managing the corporate affairs.

I owe my deep gratitude to our project guide who took keen interest on our project work and
guided us all along, till the completion of our project work by providing all the necessary
information for developing a good system.

I am thankful to and fortunate enough to get constant encouragement, support and guidance from
all Teaching staffs of ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION which helped us in
successfully completing our project work. Also, I would like to extend our sincere esteems to all
staff in laboratory for their timely support.

NAME: ROZATKAR AJAY S.

NAME: RAJPUT ROHIT V.

NAME: PATIL SHUBHAM S.

 INDEX

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE SURVEY
CHAPTER 3: HARDWARE DEVELOPMENT

1.BLOCK DIAGRAM

2. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

3.COMPONENTS

LIST AND SPECIFICATION

CHAPTER 4: SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT

1. PROCESS/ALGORITHM
2. INTERFACEING

CHAPTER 5: PROJECT OUTCOMES

AND APPLICATIONS
 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

Radar is an object detection system that uses electromagnetic waves to identify range,
altitude, direction, or speed of both moving and fixed objects such as aircraft, ships, vehicles,
weather formations, and terrain. When we use ultrasonic waves instead of electromagnetic
waves, we call it ultrasonic radar.

The main components in any ultrasonic radar are the ultrasonic Sensors. Ultrasonic
sensors work on a principle similar to radar or sonar which evaluates attributes of a target by
interpreting the echoes from radio or sound waves respectively.

Radar’s information will appear in different ways. Basic and old radar station used sound
alarm or LED, modern radar uses LCD display to show detailed information of the targeted
object. We use Computer screen to show the information (distance and angle).

A rangefinder is a device that measures the distance from the target to the observer,
for the purposes of surveying, determining focus in photography, or accurately aiming a
weapon . In this technical project, we make a simple radar using the ultrasonic sensor, this
radar works by measuring a range from 3cm to 40 cm as non-contact distance, with angle
range between 15˚ and 165˚.The movement of the sensor is controlled by using a small servo
motor. Information received from the sensor will be used by “Processing Development
Environment” software to illustrate the result on a PC screen.
 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE SURVEY

The history of radar (where radar stands for Radio Detection And Ranging) started with

experiments by Heinrich Hertz in the late 19th century that showed that radio waves were
reflected by metallic objects. This possibility was suggested in James Clerk Maxwell's seminal
work on electromagnetism.

The German Freya worked at higher frequencies,

and was thus smaller than its Chain Home counterpart

The development of systems able to produce short pulses of radio energy was the key advance
that allowed modern radar systems to come into existence. By timing the pulses on an
oscilloscope, the range could be determined and the direction of the antenna revealed the angular
location of the targets.

The two, combined, produced a "fix", locating the target relative to the antenna. In the 1934–
1939 period, eight nations developed independently, and in great secrecy, systems of this type:
the United Kingdom, Germany, the United States, the USSR, Japan, the Netherlands, France, and
Italy. In addition, Britain shared their information with the United States and four
Commonwealth countries: Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and South Africa, and these
countries also developed their own radar systems.
CHAPTER 3: HARDWARE DEVELOPMENT
1. BLOCK DIAGRAM
2. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
 3. COMPONENT LIST AND SPECIFICATIONS

 ULTRASONIC MODULE

 Working Current: 15mA

 Effectual Angle: <15°
 Ranging Distance : 2cm – 400 cm/1″ – 13ft
 Resolution : 0.3 cm
 Measuring Angle: 30 degree
 Trigger Input Pulse width: 10uS
 Dimension: 45mm x 20mm x 15mm
  ARDUINO

 Inout Voltage (limit): 6-20V

 Digital I/O Pins: 14 (of which 6 provide PWM output)

 PWM Digital I/O Pins: 6

 Analog Input Pins: 6

 DC Current per I/O Pin: 20 mA

 DC current for 3.3V Pin: 50 mA

 Flash Memory: 32 KB (ATmega328P) of which 0.5 KB used by bootloader

 SRAM: 2 KB (ATmega328P)

 EEPROM: 1 KB (ATmega328P)

 Clock Speed: 16 MHz

  SERVO MOTOR

 Operating Voltage is +5V typically

 Torque: 2.5kg/cm
 Operating speed is 0.1s/60°
 Gear Type: Plastic
 Rotation : 0°-180°
 Weight of motor : 9gm
  DISPLAY

Character LCD 16x2

 5x8 dots includes cursor

 Built -in controller (ST7066 or Equivalent)
 +5V power supply (Also available for +3V)
 Negative voltage optional for +3V power supply
 1/16 duty cycle
 LED can be driver by PIN1, PIN2, PIN15, PIN16 or A and K
 Interface : 6800, option SPI/I2C (RW1063 IC)
 4. Software Development

(i) Interfacing and protocol

 Using arduino IDE

 Using Processing software
 5. Outcomes

 The idea of making an Ultrasonic RADAR appeared to us while viewing the technology
used in defense, be it Army, Navy or Air Force and now even used in the automobiles
employing features like automatic/driverless parking systems, accident prevention during
driving etc.
 The applications of such have been seen recently in the self parking car systems launched by
AUDI, FORD etc.
 The project made by us can be used in any systems you may want to use like in a car, a
bicycle or anything else.

Application
 It mainly used in Air Force.
 It is used in self driving car to detect the obstacle.

 It is used in armed force to spot suciede bomber.