Micro Project report

On

BURGLAR ALARM

Submitted to the CMR Institute of Technology

in partial fulfilment of the requirement of the

BASIC
ELECTRICAL
AND
ELECTRONICS
ENGINEERING

OF

I-B. TECH. I-SEMESTER

In
Freshman Engineering Department

Submitted by

V.SPANDHANA (23R01A05R6)

N.GEETHA (23R01A05P5)

V.RISHI VARDHAN (23R01A05R5)

Under the Guidance

Mr. P. Rajashekhar,
(Asst. Professor, in Freshman Engineering Dept.)

CMR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

( UGC AUTONOMOUS)
(Approved by AICTE, Affilated to JNTU,HYDERABAD)
Kandlakoya , Medchal Road, Hyedrabad,501401
 CMR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
( UGC AUTONOMOUS)
(Approved by AICTE, Affilated to JNTU,HYDERABAD)
Kandlakoya , Medchal Road, Hyedrabad,501401

CERTIFICATE
This to certify that a Micro Project entitled with
BURGLAR ALARM is being Is being submitted by

V.SPANDHANA (23R01A05R6)

N.GEETHA (23R01A05P5)

V.RISHI VARDHAN (23R01A05R5)

In partial fulfillment of the requirement for the completion of the Basic Electrical And Electronics Engineering of
I- B. Tech , I- Semester is a record of a bonafide work carried out under guidance and supervision .

Signature of the faculty signature of the HOD

Mr .P.RAJASHEKAR Dr .M.RADHAKRISHNA
REDDY
(Asst. professor) (HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We are extremely grateful to Dr . M. Janga Reddy, Director, Dr. B. Satyanarayana Principal and Mr.
RADHAKRISHNA .,

Head of Engineering, CMR Institute of Technology for their during entire duration. We are extremely thankful to our

Mr. P. Rajashekhar Assistant Professor, Freshman Engineering department, CMR Institute of Technology for his

constant guidance, encouragement and moral support throughout the project. We express our thanks all staff

members and friends for all the help and coordination extended in bringing out this micro project successfully in
time

. Finally, we are very much thankful to our parents and relatives who guided directly or indirectly for successful

completion of the project.

ABSTRACT

Line Following is one of the most important aspects of robotics. A Line Following Robot is an autonomous robot
which

is able to follow either a black line that is drawn on the surface consisting of a contrasting colour. It is designed to
move

automatically and follow the line. The robot uses arrays of optical sensors to identify the line, thus assisting the robot
to

stay on the track. The array of four sensor makes its movement precise and flexible. The robot is driven by DC gear

motors to control the movement of the wheels. The Arduino Uno interface is used to perform and implement

algorithms to control the speed of the motors, steering the robot to travel along the line smoothly .This project aims to

implement the algorithm and control the movement of the robot by proper tuning of the control parameters and thus

achieve better performance .In addition the LCD interface is added in order to display the distance travelled by the
robot.

applications, tour guides in museums and other similar applications

INTRODUCTION::
The working of a burglar alarm consists of a series of steps. The first step is motion detection. The motion

sensors connected to a burglar alarming mechanism are placed on the surface of the premises near the doors

and windows. The placement of the motion sensors is required to be done strategically. If an unauthorized

person tries to enter the premises, the motion gets sensed, the sensors get triggered and the counting

mechanism of the alarm gets activated. For the purpose of motion detection, detectors can also be used along

with or in place of sensors .The output of the detector or sensors is linked to the control panel of the device.

The control panel of the device takes the information received by the detectors or sensors and use it to
trigger

the alarm. The output of the circuit is connected to a bell or a buzzer that takes electrical energy as input and

convert it into mechanical or sound energy. This conversion of energy from one form to another produces a

loud sound that indicates the presence of an intruder or an unauthorized person. The activation, as well as

deactivation of a burglar alarm machine, is controlled by the same control panel. If the deactivating
mechanism

of the alarm is not activated, the device continues to make alarming sounds. The latest models of burglar
alarm

devices have the provision to control the activation and deactivation of sound from a distance
What is a burglar alarm?
Basically, the burglar alarm is a device that monitors the designated area or areas to detect the presence of 4

suspicious elements. The system takes the help of the sensor to detect such elements. Once found, the system

sends emergency signals to the user or to the monitor station if the user so intends.

How the entire system works?

The work of the home security system begins with the sensors and motion detectors. These devices are installed in

different places that they monitor in their own ways. However, they send emergency signals to the control panel once

they detect something that sur passes their tolerance level.

Set up your circuit as shown in the pictures and circuit diagram.

Place the IR sender and receiver next to each other on your board, facing off of the edge, and make sure to place

something between them so only reflected light will set off the sensor.

MODE SWITCH:

Because this is used to count switch presses, switch bounce will ruin your program. To stop switch bounce simply add

a pause after the program counts the press. This gives the switch time to settle.

When you are happy with the circuit and program you can move on to miniaturizing it to fit in a zippo.

Alternatively you could cut a slot out of a large tin, dump the breadboard and batteries in and use the intruder alarm

Just as it is. But for me, making stuff smaller and more compact is way more fun.
You will need 3 separate boards. One to hold the sensors in the top of the main body, a large board hidden inside the

main board to hold the chip, red LED and resistors as well as a board in the lid to hold the switches and batteries.

For the battery board you need 11 strips of 4 holes.

Sensor board 14 strips of 4 holes.

Main board 14 strips of 8 holes.

The two smaller boards need to fit well, so cut them larger than you need and trim / file them down to size.

The boards shouldn't be too hard to get in and out. the battery board is held in by a screw and the sensor board is held

down by the hinge so they don't need to be push fit.

With the main board copper side up cut one square out of the bottom left of the board (this is where the red LED will
go)
The battery board is attached into the lid with a small screw. at the far left of the board you need to drill a hole for it.

You can also see the slits for the battery contacts but these will depend on what contacts you are using .
The important part is the red LED, this is surface mounted onto the copper side. The -ive side is on the right, on my

board the right hand track is going to ground .Also remember that where ever the Picaxe chip is placed you must
interrupt the copper tracks in between the legs.

When soldering the piezo, keep the wires somewhere between 5 - 10cm. This way you will be able to epoxy the piezo

in place before you put the main board in, and the wires won't get in the way once it is all assembled.

The illustration shows an ideal configuration (if you had all the right resistors) but I've combined several to get the

values I needed .I haven't included a download circuit in here so make sure you are happy with the program and that

the chip is working before you solder it in place.

Q
The hardest part of this is getting some solid battery contacts. I was lucky to find some perfect sized contacts and
found a great way of attaching them to the board.

If you couldn't scavenge any your best option is to look at the pictures and try to cut something similar out of a piece
of tin can (or if that's too tricky use a drinks can).

I cut out small slots where my battery contacts were going to go. I then threaded the small tabs through these slots,
bent them over and 'tied' the contacts down with some thin wire.

I was then easily able to solder the contacts into position. Making sure that some of the copper track they were
attached to was still free for attaching wires.

The other components are simple to place on. Notice that I have put the resistor tying the button to ground on the
battery board.
and you can get the exact length later.
When attaching the wires that will go to the other boards leave them nice and long

These sorts of alarms are divided into two categories::

: 1) closed-circuit system

2) open-circuit system
CLOSED CIRCUIT SYSTEM :

• In a closed-circuit system, the electric circuit is closed when the door is shut.

• This means that as long as the door is closed, electricity can flow from one end of the circuit to the other.

• But if somebody opens the door, the circuit is opened, and electricity can't flow. This triggers an alarm

OPEN CIRCUIT SYSTEM :

• In an open-circuit system, opening the door closes the circuit, so electricity begins to flow

. • In this system, the alarm is triggered when the circuit is completed.

• There are a number of ways to build this sort of circuit into an entry way.

• Closed circuits are normally a better choice than open circuits because an intruder can deactivate the open circuit by
simply cutting the connected wires when the door is closed .

ADVANTAGES::

1) Protection from Thieves.

2) Constant Monitoring.

3) Low Insurance Expenses.

3) Helps in Preventing Unauthorized Entry.

DISADVANTAGES::

1) Phone Line Disturbance

2) False Alarms.

4) Big Investment.

5) Stolen or Disarmed.
RESULT::