A

MINI-PROJECT REPORT
ON

AUTOMATIC SMART CAR BARRIER USING

ARUIDNO

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award 3 rd semester of the
degree
of
Bachelor of technology
In

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

(2022-20 )

Submitted By
Khushi kumari
Lajwanti Mahato
&
Shama Perween

Under the guidance of

prof.DEEPAK KUMAR
ECE,DEPARTMENT

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

RVS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
EDALBERA, BHILAIPAHARI, JAMSHEDPUR(INDIA)
(Approved by AICTE & affiliated to Jharkand Technical University)
 CERTIFICATE
I hereby certify that the work which is being presented in B.Tech. 3 RD
Semester Mini Project Report entitled “AUTOMATIC SMART CAR BARRIER
USING ARUIDNO”,in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of Bachelor
OfTechnology in Electronics & Communication Engineering and submitted to
Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering of RVS College of
Engineering & Technology, Jamshedpur (India) is an authentic record of my own
work under the supervision of

Prof. DEEPAK KUMAR,ECE Department.

Name Roll no Signature Of Candidate

1.Khushi kumari 21013465008 .……………………

2.Lajwanti Mahato 21013465009 ……………………..
3.Shama Perween 21013465020 ……………………..

This is to certify that the above statement made by the candidate is correct to the be of
My knowledge.

Date: Signature Of Guide

Prof.DEEPAK KUMAR
,ECE DEPARTMENT

Signature Of Head Of Department

Electronics & Communication Engineering Department
RVS College of Engineering & Technology,Jamshedpur(India)

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

(1)………………………
(2)….…………………...
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
In this acknowledgement we intended to thanks all those who are involved in the
determining the shape of our project report and helped us. When expresses in
words,feeling of gratitude is partially conveyed.

We are deeply indebted to Prof.DEEPAK KUMAR,ECE DEPARTMENT,R.V.S College

of Engineering and Technology for his help,advice and support.

We would like to express my sincere thanks to Prof.Rakesh Kumar,HOD of

Electronics & Communication,R.V.S College of Engineering and Technology who
have extended immense help and cooperation in my work.

Thanks are also due to all faculty member of “Department of Electronics &
Communication Engineering” of R.V.S College of Engineering and Technology and our
friends who constantly helped us with their constructive criticism and also flooded us
with ideas.

Name of Student Roll no

1. Khushi kumari 21013465008

2. Lajwanti Mahato 21013465009
3. Shama Perween 21013465020
TABLE OF CONTENT:

1. Introduction ..................................................................................... 5

2. Circuit Diagram for Automatic Smart Car Barrier System ..... 6

3. Component Description ............................................................... 7.

4. Working of Automatic Smart Car Barrier System ......................20

5. Advantages of Automatic Smart Car Barrier System ............... 21

6. Application........................................................................................ 22

7.References ........................................................................................23
 AUTOMATIC SMART CAR BARRIER USING
ARDUINO

The project is designed for automatic sma rt c a r ba rrie r sy s te m using

Arduino.If we ever brought a car to a mall, then we probably noticed a bar of metal
or plastic barring you from entering the parking premises until you receive a
parking ticket. All the components involved in this mechanism are involved in
what you call an automatic barrier system. Also called “boom barriers”. These
systems are utilized in order to control the level of vehicle movement or access so
that only authorized personnel can enter the premise.

This project proposes a system of automatic opening of barrier and

closing of barrier by sensing any obstacles. This is achieved with help of a
Ultrasonic sensor.This sensing signal is fed to microcontroller to operate
barrier through servo motor.When a obstacle(eg:-object) within the operating
range of sensor, it sends a logical common to open the door.

Component used
1.ARDUINO UNO
2.ULTRASONICSENSOR
3.SERVO MOTOR
4.Language: Arduino Software
AUTOMATIC SMART CAR BARRIER USING ARDUINO

Circuit Diagram
COMPONENT DESCRIPTION:-

ARDUINO UNO:

ARDUINO UNO

Arduino Uno is an open-source micro controller board based on the processor

ATmega328P. There are 14 digital I/O pins, 6 analog inputs, a USB connection, a
power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button. It contains all the necessary modules
needed to support the microcontroller.

 Micro controller
 14 Digital Pins
 6 Analog Pins
 Power Supply
 Power Jack
 USB Port
 Reset Button
 Micro controller: Microcontroller is the central processing unit of Arduino Uno.

 Digital Pins: There are 14 digital pins on Arduino Uno which can be connected to
components like LED, LCD, etc.

 Analog Pins: There are 6 analog pins on the Uno. These pins are generally used to
connect sensors because all the sensors generally have analog values. Most of the
input components are connected here.

 Power Supply: The power supply pins are IOREF, GND, 3.3V, 5V, Vin are used to
connecting sensors because all the sensors generally have analog values. Most of
the input components are connected here.

 Power Jack: Uno board can be powered both by external supply and via USB cable.

 USB Port: This port function is to program the board or to upload the program. The
program can be uploaded to the board with the help of Arduino IDE and USB cable.

 Reset Button: This is used to restart the uploaded program.

Advantages
 Easy to Use:-Arduino is super easy to learn. Any beginner can learn Arduino with

little or no knowledge of programming. It uses a simplified version of C/C++

language which is easily adaptable. It is an ideal board for beginners. Arduino is a
plug and play electronic board with a simple and minimalistic hardware interface.

 Inexpensive Hardware :-Arduino boards are available at low cost. To start building
our first program we just need an Arduino board as its development tool IDE is
freely available. There is no need for any external hardware, multiple projects can
 be made using single Arduino boards which cut overall project cost by a great
margin.

 Tons of Libraries:-Many Arduino libraries are available to control external sensors,

modules, and motors. Functionality of Arduino boards can be extended using these
libraries. Libraries provide the user free hand to play with hardware and manipulate
data easily.

 Cross Platform Support:-Arduino is not only limited to Windows it is also available

across multiple platforms like Linux and macOS. Most of the microcontrollers can
only be programmed using Windows but not in case with Arduino.

 Active User Community:-Arduino is an open-source community with many online

supports available on Arduino forum. Thanks to open-source nature of Arduino
projects, as a lot of work on multiple topics has already been done. Multiple Arduino
projects starting from fan controllers to smart homes have been designed already.
 SERVO MOTOR:

A servo motor is a type of motor that can rotate with great precision. Normally this
type of motor consists of control circuit that provides feedback on current position of
motor shaft, this feedback allow servo motor to rotate an object at some specific angles
or distance,then you use an servo motor.

SERVO MOTOR

It is just made up of a simple motor which runs through a servo mechanism. If

motor is powered by a DC power supply then it is called DC servo motor, and if it is
AC-powered motor then it is called AC servo motor. For this tutorial, we will be
discussing only about the DC servo motor working.
Servo Motor Working Mechanism

It consists of three parts:

1.Controlled device
2.Output sensor
3.Feedback system

It is a closed-loop system where it uses a positive feedback system to control motion

and the final position of the shaft. Here the device is controlled by a feedback signal
generated by comparing output signal and reference input signal.
Here reference input signal is compared to the reference output signal and the third
signal is produced by the feedback system. And this third signal acts as an input signal
to the control the device. This signal is present as long as the feedback signal is
generated or there is a difference between the reference input signal and reference
output signal. So the main task of servomechanism is to maintain the output of a system
at the desired value at presence of noises.

Servo Motor Working Principle

A servo consists of a Motor (DC or AC), a potentiometer, gear assembly, and a

controlling circuit. First of all, we use gear assembly to reduce RPM and to increase
torque of the motor. Say at initial position of servo motor shaft, the position of the
potentiometer knob is such that there is no electrical signal generated at the output port
of the potentiometer. Now an electrical signal is given to another input terminal of the
error detector amplifier. Now the difference between these two signals, one comes from
the potentiometer and another comes from other sources, will be processed in a
feedback mechanism and output will be provided in terms of error signal. This error
signal acts as the input for motor and motor starts rotating. Now motor shaft is
connected with the potentiometer and as the motor rotates so the potentiometer and it
will generate a signal. So as the potentiometer’s angular position changes, its output
feedback signal changes. After sometime the position of potentiometer reaches at a
position that the output of potentiometer is same as external signal provided. At this
condition, there will be no output signal from the amplifier to the motor input as there is
no difference between external applied signal and the signal generated at potentiometer,
and in this situation motor stops rotating.

Servo Motor
Advantages:

 High efficiency
 High output power relative to their size
 More constant torque at higher speed
 Closed-loop control
 Quiet operation
 Highly reliable
 High ratio of torque to inertia
 High acceleration
 High-speed performance
 Torque control
 Smooth running
 High accuracy
 Small in size
 Well suited to varying load applications

Applications:

 Machine tools where high accuracy is required.

 Robotics applications where high accuracy, power and speed are required and
low weight and size is an advantage.
 Conveyer and handling systems where speed and accuracy, as well as high
torque, is required.
 Antenna positioning systems typically need high torque and very high accuracy.
Simulation applications where speed, torque and smoothness are important.
 Renewable energy applications where performance and efficiency are needed.
 Printing Press where accuracy, speed and reliability as well as low cost is an
advantage.

Servo motors, due to their brushless design have advantages in applications in

harsh and demanding applications such as:-

 Food and beverage where motors have to cope with washdown and temperature
fluctuations.
 Defence applications where high shock loads and temperature ranges are seen
while high performance is required.
 Subsea and Oil & Gas application where high pressures and temperatures are
seen as well as explosion-proof requirement.
 ULTRASONIC SENSOR:

An ultrasonic sensor is an electronic device that measures the distance of a target

object by emitting ultrasonic sound waves, and converts the reflected sound into an
electrical signal. Ultrasonic waves travel faster than the speed of audible sound (i.e.
the sound that humans can hear). Ultrasonic sensors have two main components:
the transmitter (which emits the sound using piezoelectric crystals) and the receiver
(which encounters the sound after it has travelled to and from the target).

ULTRASONIC SENSOR

How Ultrasonic Sensor Work

Ultrasonic sensors work by sending out a sound wave at a frequency above the range of
human hearing. The transducer of the sensor acts as a microphone to receive and send
the ultrasonic sound. Our ultrasonic sensors, like many others, use a single transducer to
send a pulse and to receive the echo.The sensor determines the distance to a target by
measuring time lapses between the sending and receiving of the ultrasonic pulse.The
working principle of this module is simple. It sends an ultrasonic pulse out at 40kHz which
travels through the air and if there is an obstacle or object, it will bounce back to the
sensor. By calculating the travel time and the speed of sound, the distance can be
calculated.
Ultrasonic sensors are a great solution for the detection of clear objects. For liquid level
measurement, applications that use infrared sensors, for instance, struggle with this
particular use case because of target translucence.

For presence detection, ultrasonic sensors detect objects regardless of the color, surface,
or material (unless the material is very soft like wool, as it would absorb sound.)

To detect transparent and other items where optical technologies may fail, ultrasonic
sensors are a reliable choice.
Ultrasonic Sensor Pin Configuration:-

Pin Pin Name Description

Number

1 Vcc The Vcc pin powers the sensor, typically with +5V.

2 Trigger Trigger pin is an Input pin. This pin has to be kept high for
10us to initialize measurement by sending US wave.

3 Echo Echo pin is an Output pin. This pin goes high for a period of
time which will be equal to the time taken for the US wave to
return back to the sensor.

4 Ground This pin is connected to the Ground of the system.

Power the Sensor using a regulated +5V through the Vcc ad Ground pins of the sensor. The
current consumed by the sensor is less than 15mA and hence can be directly powered by
the on board 5V pins (If available). The Trigger and the Echo pins are both I/O pins and
hence they can be connected to I/O pins of the microcontroller. To start the measurement,
the trigger pin has to be made high for 10uS and then turned off. This action will trigger an
ultrasonic wave at frequency of 40Hz from the transmitter and the receiver will wait for the
wave to return. Once the wave is returned after it getting reflected by any object the Echo
pin goes high for a particular amount of time which will be equal to the time taken for the
wave to return back to the sensor.

The amount of time during which the Echo pin stays high is measured by the MCU/MPU as
it gives the information about the time taken for the wave to return back to the Sensor. Using
this information the distance is measured as explained in the above heading.
 Advantages:
These are few advantages of ultrasonic sensor:-

 They have greater accuracy than many other methods at measuring thickness and
distance to a parallel surface.

 Their high frequency, sensitivity, and penetrating power make it easy to detect
external or deep objects.

 Ultrasonic sensors are easy to use and not dangerous during operation to nearby
objects, people or equipment.

 Ultrasonic sensors easily interface with microcontrollers or any type of controller

Application:
These are few application of Ultrasonic Sensor:-

 Vehicle detection for car wash and automotive assembly.

 Speed and direction measurement
 Wireless charging
 Humidifiers
 Medical ultrasonography
 Burglar alarms
 Embedded system
 Depth measurement
 Non-destructive testing


 
 WORKING OF AUTOMATIC SMART CAR BARRIER
SYSTEM:

 The working of Automatic Smart Car Barrier System using Arduino and Ultrasonic
Sensor is very simple.

 When the Ultrasonic Sensor detects any obstacle then the ultrasonic waves are
reflected back from the object and the information is passed to the arduino.

 Arduino then immediately activates the Servo Motor to open the car barrier.
 ADVANTAGED OF AUTOMATIC SMART CAR
BARRIER USING ARDUINO:

There are many advantages of Automatic S m a r t C a r B a r r i e r using Arduino ,some

of them are listed below:-

 Enhanced security---Due to the barring mechanism, vehicles are left with no choice but
to stop before the gate. Having this in mind, security checks can be conducted on the
spot.

 It an excellent choice for a toll road, parking lot, or other applications.

 Limit access in order to allow for a greater capacity to limit access in an area. This
means that only authorized personnel will be granted enter.

 Cost-Efficient- these systems offer more cost-efficient solutions that you can benefit
from in the long run.Through a reliable and dedicated automatic barrier system, the
establishment can reduce the need for manual labor in protecting their premises.

 Traffic control- it limits how many vehicles are allowed to exit or enter the premises.
 APPLICATION:

 Arduino based Automatic Smart Car Barrier System is very useful project as it
enables us to understand the concept of such automatic smart car barrier system
and how they work.

 These systems are already being used in many places like malls,
hospitals,building etc.

 It can also use for a toll road, parking lot, or other applications.


 REFERENCE:

 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arduino_Uno

 https://circuitdigest.com/article/servo-motor-working-and-basics

 https://www.heason.com/news-media/technical-
blog-archive/advantages-of-servo-motors

 https://www.theengineeringprojects.com/2018/10/introduction-to-hc-
sr04-ultrasonic-sensor.html

 https://components101.com/sensors/ultrasonic-sensor-working-
pinout-datasheet

 https://maxbotix.com/blogs/blog/how-ultrasonic-sensors-work

 https://www.fierceelectronics.com/sensors/what-ultrasonic-sensor
THANK YOU