MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION,

MUMBAI

A
PROJECT REPORT
ON

“Automatic Vehicle Speed Controller Using Ultrasonic & RFID

Sensors”
SUBMITTED BY

Sr. No. Name of student Roll No.

01 Mr. Ashutosh Jambukumar Patil 25
02 Mr. Shivraj Pandurang Mane 49
03 Mr. Yuvraj Rajaram Patil 56
04 Mr. Sahil Raghunath Kamble 59
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

Mr. S.A.Patil

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATION

ENGINEERING

SANJAY GHODAWAT POLYTECHNIC, ATIGRE

ACADEMIC YEAR 2020-21
 ANNEXURE A

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Mr. Ashutosh Jambukumar Patil. From Sanjay

Ghodawat Polytechnic, Atigre having Enrolment No: 1816440259 has completed

Report on the Problem Definition/ Semester V Project Report/ Final Project

Report having title Automatic Vehicle Speed Controller Using Ultrasonic &

RFID Sensor in a group consisting of 4 person under the guidance of the faculty

Guide.

………………………………………...
The mentor from the industry for the project/ Project Guide
Name: ……………………………………...

Project Coordinator HOD Principal

Mr. R.P.Dhongadi Mr.V.V.Giri

ACADEMIC YEAR 2020-21

 ANNEXURE A

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Mr. Shivraj Pandurang Mane. From Sanjay Ghodawat

Polytechnic, Atigre having Enrolment No: 1916440403 has completed Report on

the Problem Definition/ Semester V Project Report/ Final Project Report

having title Automatic Vehicle Speed Controller Using Ultrasonic & RFID

Sensor in a group consisting of 4 person under the guidance of the faculty Guide.

………………………………………...
The mentor from the industry for the project/ Project Guide
Name: ……………………………………...

Project Coordinator HOD Principal

Mr. R.P.Dhongadi Mr.V.V.Giri

ACADEMIC YEAR 2020-21

 ANNEXURE A

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Mr. Yuvraj Rajaram Patil. From Sanjay Ghodawat

Polytechnic, Atigre having Enrolment No: 1916440411 has completed Report on

the Problem Definition/ Semester V Project Report/ Final Project Report

having title Automatic Vehicle Speed Controller Using Ultrasonic & RFID

Sensor in a group consisting of 4 person under the guidance of the faculty Guide.

………………………………………...
The mentor from the industry for the project/ Project Guide
Name: ……………………………………...

Project Coordinator HOD Principal

Mr. R.P.Dhongadi Mr.V.V.Giri

ACADEMIC YEAR 2020-21

 ANNEXURE A

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Mr. Sahil Raghunath Kamble. From Sanjay Ghodawat

Polytechnic, Atigre having Enrolment No: 1916440416 has completed Report on

the Problem Definition/ Semester V Project Report/ Final Project Report

having title Automatic Vehicle Speed Controller Using Ultrasonic & RFID

Sensor in a group consisting of 4 person under the guidance of the faculty Guide.

………………………………………...
The mentor from the industry for the project/ Project Guide
Name: ……………………………………...

Project Coordinator HOD Principal

Mr. R.P.Dhongadi Mr.V.V.Giri

ACADEMIC YEAR 2020-21

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

During the selection of “Automatic Vehicle Speed Controller Using Ultrasonic

& RFID Sensors”, the help we received from our professors, family, and friends is invaluable
and we are forever indebted to them.
We would first like to express our gratitude to our Principal Prof.V.V.Giri, HOD
Electronics & Telecommunication Engg. Department, Mr. R.P.Dhongadi and our Project Guide
Mr.S.A.Patil for their immense support, suggestion, encouragement and interest in our project
work. Without their invaluable suggestions our project selection would be incomplete.
Last but not least, we would like to thank our friends, parents and group members for their
belief and patience in our endeavor.

Date-

Place- Atigre

Academic Year: 2020-21

i
 ABSTRACT
The Objective of this project is to develop a system to keep the vehicle secure and protect it
by the occupation of the intruders. The main aim of the project to develop a system automatic
speed control of vehicle and accident avoidance using RFID sensor and ultrasonic sensor
.whenever any obstacle is detected in running vehicle depends on distance automatically control
the speed of vehicle. The ultrasonic sensor system continuously sends signals and monitors any car
or other obstacles are in front of car. The distance up to which ultrasonic sensor can work may be
up to 4 meter. When any obstacle or vehicle detected by ultrasonic sensor system it will send
signal to the embedded board.

After receiving this signal embedded board sends a signal to the motor to reduce the car
speed automatically which can control car speed immediately. Vehicle is controlled automatically
without any manual operation when the vehicle is at 4 meter distance away from the front vehicle.
Also give alarm to alert to the driver. Many accidents at High-ways are taking place due to the
close running of vehicles, all of sudden, if the in front vehicle driver reduces the speed or applied
breaks, then it is quite difficult to the following vehicle driver to control his vehicle, resulting
accident. To avoid this kind of accident, the warning system, which contains alarm and display
system can arrange at rear side of each and every vehicle. If any short circuit occurs in engine part
smoke sensor detecting and give alert to driver and stop the vehicle.

ii
 LIST OF THE FIGURES

Sr. Fig. No. NAME OF FIGURE PAGE

No. NO

1 3.2.1 Block Diagram Automatic Vehicle Speed Controller

Using Ultrasonic sensor, RFID Sensor

2 3.2.2 Block Diagram of 5V DC Power Supply

3 3.2.3 Circuit Diagram Of 5V DC Power Supply
4 3.2.4 Pin Out Diagram Of LM7805
5 3.2.5 Ultrasonic Sensor
6 3.2.6 Pin Out Diagram of Ultrasonic Sensor
7 3.2.7 Block diagram Of Ultrasonic Sensor
8 3.2.8 Arduino UNO Microcontroller Board
9 3.2.9 LCD Pin Out Diagram
10 3.2.10 DC Motor Single Shaft BO Motor Series 300 rpm
11 3.2.11 RFID Technology
12 3.2.12 Working Principle of RFID Technology
13 3.2.13 EM-18 RFID Reader
14 3.2.14 Working Principle of RFID Reader
15 3.2.15 Block Diagram of Passive RFID Tag
16 3.2.16 Pin Out Diagram of EM-18 RFID Reader
17 3.2.17 Circuit Diagram of EM-18 Interfacing to Arduino
18 4.1 Flow Chart
19 4.2 Project Kit (Front View)
20 4.3 Project Kit (Internal View)

iii
 INDEX
Sr.No. CONTENTS PAGE NO.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT i
ABSTRACT ii
LIST OF FIGURES iii
1. Chapter 01
(INTRODUCTION)

2. Chapter 02
(LITERATURE REVIEW)

3. Chapter 03
(HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION)
3.1 Block Diagram Of Automatic Vehicle speed
controller
3.2 Design And Working Of The Machine

4. Chapter 04
(SOFTERWARE IMPLEMENTATION)
4.1 Algorithm
4.2 Flow Chart

5. Chapter 05
(ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES)
5.1 Advantages
5.2 Disadvantages

6. Chapter 06
(APPLICATIONS)

7. Chapter 07
(FUTURE SCOPE)

8. Chapter 08
(CONCLUSION AND RESULT)

9. Chapter 09
(REFERENCES)
CHAPTER -01

(Introduction)
 INTRODUCTION
A accident avoidance system is an automobile safety system designed to reduce the
severity of an accident. Also known as precrash system, forward collision warning system or
collision mitigating system, it uses radar and sometimes laser and camera sensors to detect an
imminent crash. Once the detection is done, these systems either provide a warning to the driver
when there is an imminent collision or take action autonomously without any driver input (by
braking or steering or both). In 2009, the U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
(NHTSA) began studying whether to make frontal collision warning systems and lane departure
warning systems mandatory.

In 2011, a question was submitted to the European Commission regarding stimulation of

these "collision mitigation by braking" systems. The mandatory fitting of Advanced Emergency
Braking Systems in commercial vehicles will be implemented on 1 November 2013 for new
vehicle types and on 1 November 2015 for all new vehicles in the European Union. This could,
according to the impact assessment, ultimately prevent around 5,000 fatalities and 50,000 serious
injuries per year across the EU.

In an important 2012 study by the nonprofit research organization Insurance Institute for
Highway Safety, researchers examined how particular features of crash- avoidance systems
affected the number of claims under various forms of insurance coverage. They found that two
crash- avoidance features provide the biggest benefits. Autonomous braking that would brake on its
own, if the driver does not, to avoid a forward collision.
 CHAPTER-02
(Literature Review)
 LITERATURE REVIEW
Ankita Mishra et al. [1] worked on speed control system by the use of RF design. The main
purpose is to design the controller for smart display which is meant for the vehicle’s speed control
and to monitor the speed zones which have speed limits, and which can operate on an associated
embedded system. Smart Display & Control (SDC) can be custom designed so that they can fit
into dashboard of the vehicle, and display the information available on the vehicle.

Vinod Rao et al. has worked on vehicle’s speed control using RF, detection of obstacle and
prevention of accidents. Whenever the vehicle enters within the speed limit zone, the speed of the
vehicle is controlled by the receiving of signal, i.e.., each and every time the speed of the vehicle is
decreased to some cutoff value and is kept constant to that speed until the vehicle moves outside of
the speed limiting zone, and then the vehicle’s speed is accelerated automatically. It detects the
Obstacles in between and prevents the Accidents by Stopping of the Vehicle.

Gummarekula Sattibabu et al. worked on control of vehicle’s speed using with wireless
attached in the vehicle road speed limit sign. The objective is to design an Electronic Display
controller that is meant for the control of the speed of the vehicle and to monitor the speed zones,
which operates on an embedded system and that can be custom designed to fit into a vehicle’s
dashboard to display information on the vehicle. This system if adopted by some state can
effectively reduce the number of road accidents caused by speeding vehicles losing control of the
vehicle at speed breakers or by driver’s negligence towards traffic signals. Deepa B Chavan et al.
has worked on automatic speed controller through RF. The main objective of the system is to
control the speed of the vehicle automatically whenever it comes in the range of the speed zone of
some limit or at some particular speed zone.

Fatema Tahsen et al. worked on automatic speed control of the vehicle by the use of RF
and prevent accidents. Whenever the vehicle enters within the speed zone, the speed of the vehicle
is controlled by receiving of the signal i.e. every time the speed of the vehicle is decreased to some
cutoff value and them again kept constant until the vehicle exit’s the speed zone, and then the
vehicle can get accelerated by itself. The ultrasonic sensor system continuously keep sending the
signals and monitors that of any vehicle or other obstacles that are in front of the car. The distance
of the working of ultrasonic sensor is limited to 4 meter. As soon as any obstacle or vehicle is
detected by the ultrasonic sensor system it will send signal to the arduino. After receiving of this
signal arduino sends a revert signal to the motor of the driver to stop the vehicle immediately.

Jyothi Kameswari et al. has worked on speed control and for the vehicle. The vehicle can
be controlled at the required places when we deploy the transmitters that are attached to the system
and send data frames which contains fields with maximum speed and time for which the limitation
of the speed is to be imposed.

Vengadesh et al. has worked on automatic speed control of automobile using the
technologies such as RF and GSM. The controller is used to compare the speed. If it exceeds the
limited speed value of the zone the controller send alert to the driver and controls are taken
automatically. If they do not respond the message then an information along with the vehicle
number is transmitted to the nearest police station of that area by the use of GSM and penalty
amount is collected in the nearest toll gate.

Soni Kumari et al. worked on review of automatic speed control using RFID. One RFID
reader is inside the vehicle which reads the RFID tag which is placed either at speed limit sign
zone or at traffic light. A controlling module in vehicle then takes the decision and control the
speed accordingly.

S Nagakishore Bhavanam et al. has worked on automatic speed control using multi sensors.
The main objective is to develop a system which controls the speed using RF technology. Various
types of sensors are attached to the units and accordingly the work is performed. NEED FOR
SYSTEM: MODE OF PROJECT: There are three mode of this project To design RF region: In
this mode we use the RF module and transmitter that send a frequency signal of speed that receive
by vehicle. Vehicle checker mode: In this mode we use the switch for setting the critical condition
and it can be change. Speed control:-In this mode we sense the distance and according to distance
we generate the PWM pulse that control the speed of vehicle and display in lcd. Obstacle
sensing:-In this case we use the obstacle sensor that sense the condition of obstacle and provide
intimation

PERFORMANCE & EVOLUTION CRITERIA:-

In the project done we have tried best efforts of technical skill. Our project is prediction of
new technology that is useful in future. This project demonstrate the proper working of system and
provide complete character.
 CHAPTER- 03

(Hardware Implementation)
3.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF AUTOMATIC VEHICLE SPEED
CONTROLLER USING ULTRASONIC SENSOR, RFID SENSOR
3.2 Design & Working of the Machine
The Design of Power Supply
The plan of any circuit begins with a well-made general block diagram. It comforts us to design
the units of the circuit independently and then at the end laid them unruffled to have a whole
circuit, ready for use.

Figure 3.2.1: Block Diagram of Power Supply

The general block diagram for this project, 5v Dc power supply design, is given below. It is very
simple. You need to understand which block is doing what. We will design each section first, and
then put together each of them to have our DC power supply ready to power up our
Projects.

Figure 3.2.2: Circuit diagram of Power Supply

The Input Transformer:
A transformer is a gadget which can step up or step down voltage levels, following the law of
conversation of power. Depending on your country, AC coming to your home has the voltage
level of 220/120 V. We require the input transformer to step down the incoming AC to our
necessary level. This lower level is further worn by other blocks to get the requisite 5V DC.
Selecting a proper transformer is of great significance. The current rating and the secondary
voltage of the transformer is a crucial factor.

• The current rating of the transformer depends upon the current required for the weight to be
driven.
• The input voltage to the 7805 IC should be at least 2V superior than the essential 2V
output, therefore it requires an input voltage at least close to 7V.
• So I chose a 9-0-9 transformer with current rating 1000mA (Since 6*√2 = 8.4V).

The Rectifier Circuit:

If you are thinking the transformer just stepped down the voltage to 5V DC. The stepped down
voltage is still AC. To convert it into DC, you need a superior rectifier circuit. A rectifier circuit
converts AC into DC voltage. Mainly, there are two types of the rectifier circuit; half wave and full
wave. However, the one which we are concerned in is a full rectifier, as it is more power capable
than half rectifier.The best is using a full wave rectifier
• Its advantage is DC saturation is less as in both cycle diodes conduct.
• Higher Transformer Utilization Factor (TUF).
• 1N4007 diodes are used as its is capable of withstanding a higher reverse voltage of
1000v whereas 1N4001 is 50V
The Smoothing Capacitor/Filter
• The rectifier circuit converts the incoming mains to DC but unluckily it cannot make it a
unpolluted DC. The rectified DC is not very clean and has ripples. It is the job of a filter
to filters out these ripples, and to make the voltage compatible for regulation. A rule of
thumb is DC voltage have to less than 10 percent ripples to be regulated wholly. The best
filter in our case is the capacitor. A capacitor is charge storing device. But actually, it can
be best used as a filter. It is the most cheap filter for our basic 5V power supply design.
The Regulator:
A regulator is the linear integrated circuit use to provide a regulated constant output voltage.
Voltage regulation is very important because we do not need a change in output voltage when the
load changes. A load independent of the output voltage is always required. The Regulator IC not
just makes the output voltage independent of varying loads, but also from line voltage changes.

As we require a 5V we need LM7805 Voltage Regulator IC.

7805 IC Rating :
• Input voltage range 7V- 35V
• Current rating Ic = 1A
• Output voltage range VMax=5.2V ,VMin=4.8V

Figure 3.2.3: Pin out diagram of LM7805

Ultrasonic Sensor :-

Figure 3.2.4 : Ultrasonic Sensor

 Ultrasonic sensors emit short, high-frequency sound pulses at regular intervals. These propagate
in the air at the velocity of sound. If they strike an object, then they are reflected back as echo
signals to the sensor, which itself computes the distance to the target based on the time-span
between emitting the signal and receiving the echo.

As the distance to an object is determined by measuring the time of flight and not by the
intensity of the sound, ultrasonic sensors are excellent at suppressing background interference.
Virtually all materials which reflect sound can be detected, regardless of their colour. Even
transparent materials or thin foils represent no problem for an ultrasonic sensor.
Ultrasonic sensors are suitable for target distances from 20 mm to 10 m and as they
measure the time of flight they can ascertain a measurement with pinpoint accuracy. Some of our
sensors can even resolve the signal to an accuracy of 0.025 mm.
Ultrasonic sensors can see through dust-laden air and ink mists. Even thin deposits on the
sensor membrane do not impair its function.
Sensors with a blind zone of only 20 mm and an extremely thin beam spread are making
entirely new applications possible today: Fill level measurement in wells of microtiter plates and
test tubes, as well as the detection of small bottles in the packaging industry, can be implemented
with ease. Even thin wires are reliably detected.

Figure 3.2.5 : Pin Out Diagram Of Ultrasonic Sensor

 Figure 3.2.6 : Block Diagram Of Ultrasonic Sensor
Microcontroller (Arduino UNO):

Figure 3.2.7 Arduino UNO microcontroller Board

Specification of Arduino UNO microcontroller Board
• Arduino Uno SMD R3
• Developer Arduino
• Manufacturer Many
• Types Single-board microcontroller[1]
• Operating system None
• CPU Microchip AVR (8-bit)
• MemorySRAM
• Storage Flash, EEPROM
 The Arduino UNO is an open-source microcontroller board based on the Microchip
Atmega328P microcontroller and developed by Arduino. The board is equipped with sets of digital
and analog input/output (I/O) pins that may be interfaced to various expansion boards (shields) and
other circuits. The board has 14 Digital pins, 6 Analog pins, and programmable with the Arduino
IDE (Integrated Development Environment) via a type B USB cable. It can be powered by a USB
cable or by an external 9 volt battery, though it accepts voltages between 7 and 20 volts. It is also
similar to the Arduino Nano and Leonardo. The hardware reference design is distributed under a
Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike 2.5 license and is available on the Arduino website.
Layout and production files for some versions of the hardware are also available. “Uno” means
one in Italian and was chosen to mark the release of Arduino Software (IDE). The Uno board and
version 1.0 of Arduino Software (IDE) were the reference versions of Arduino, now evolved to
newer releases.The Uno board is the first in a series of USB Arduino boards, and the reference
model for the Arduino platform.
The Atmega328 on the Arduino Uno comes preprogrammed with a bootloader that allows
uploading new code to it without the use of an external hardware programmer. It communicates
using the original STK500 protocol. The Uno also differs from all preceding boards in that it does
not use the FTDI USB-to-serial driver chip. Instead, it uses the Atmega16U2 (Atmega8U2 up to
version R2) programmed as a USB-to-serial converter.
LCD:

Figure 3.2.8: LCD pin out

The LCDs have a parallel interface, meaning that the microcontroller has to manipulate several
interface pins at once to control the display. The interface consists of the following pins:
A register select (RS) pin that controls where in the LCD’s memory you’re writing data to.
You can select either the data register, which holds what goes on the screen, or an instruction
register, which is where the LCD’s controller looks for instructions on what to do next.
A Read/Write (R/W) pin that selects reading mode or writing mode
An Enable pin that enables writing to the registers
 8 data pins (D0 —D7). The states of these pins (high or low) are the bits that you’re writing
to a register when you write, or the values you’re reading when you read.
There’s also a display constrast pin (Vo), power supply pins (+5V and Gnd) and LED
Backlight (Bklt+ and BKlt-) pins that you can use to power the LCD, control the display contrast,
and turn on and off the LED backlight, respectively.
The process of controlling the display involves putting the data that form the image of what
you want to display into the data registers, then putting instructions in the instruction register. The
LiquidCrystal Library simplifies this for you so you don’t need to know the low-level instructions.
Before wiring the LCD screen to your Arduino or Genuino board we suggest to solder a pin
header strip to the 14 (or 16) pin count connector of the LCD screen, as you can see in the image
above.
To wire your LCD screen to your board, connect the following pins:
• LCD RS pin to digital pin 12
• LCD Enable pin to digital pin 11
• LCD D4 pin to digital pin 2
• LCD D5 pin to digital pin 3
• LCD D6 pin to digital pin 4
• LCD D7 pin to digital pin 5

The lcd.begin(16,2) command set up the LCD number of columns and rows. For example,
if you have an LCD with 20 columns and 4 rows (20x4) you will have to change this to
lcd.begin(20x4).
The lcd.print(“—message—“) command print a message to first column and row of lcd
display. The “message” must have maximum length equal to lcd columns number. For example,
for 16 columns display max length is equal with 16 and for 20 columns display max length is equal
with 20.
The lcd.setCursor(0,1) command will set cursor to first column of second row. If you have
an LCD 20x4 and you want to print a message to column five and third row you have to use:
lcd.setCursor(4,2).
Additionally, wire a 10k pot to +5V and GND, with it’s wiper (output) to LCD screens VO
pin (pin3). A 220 ohm resistor is used to power the backlight of the display, usually on pin 15 and
16 of the LCD connector
 The Hitachi-compatible LCDs can be controlled in two modes: 4-bit or 8-bit. The 4-bit
mode requires seven I/O pins from the Arduino, while the 8-bit mode requires 11 pins.
For displaying text on the screen, you can do most everything in 4-bit mode, so example
shows how to control a 2x16 LCD in 4-bit mode.
Geared Motor:

Figure 3.2.9: DC motor single shaft BO motor series 300 rpm

What is a DC Gear Motor?

A gear motor is an all-in-one combination of a motor and gearbox. The addition of a gear
head to a motor reduces the speed while increasing the torque output. The most important
parameters in regards to gear motors are speed (rpm), torque (lb-in) and efficiency (%). In order to
select the most suitable gear motor for your application you must first compute the load, speed and
torque requirements for your application. ISL Products offers a variety of Spur Gear Motors,
Planetary Gear Motors and Worm Gear Motors to meet all application requirements. Most of our
DC motors can be complimented with one of our unique gear heads, providing you with a highly
efficient gear motor solution.
DC motor with gear box which gives good torque and rpm at lower voltages. This dc motor
can run at approximately 200rpm when driven by a Dual Li-Ion cell battery at 6 V and
approximately 300 rpm when connected to 9V. It is most suitable DC motor for light weight robot
running on small voltage.

Features:
• Working voltage : 3V to 9V
• 30gm weight, light weight geared dc motor
• Ability to operate with minimum or no lubrication, due to inherent lubricity.
• 1.9Kgf.cm torque
• No-load current = 60mA, Stall current = 700mA

RFID Module:

RFID Tags can be passive or active

o A Passive tag has no battery and it uses the energy transmitted by the reader.
o An Active tag contains a built in battery which makes it able to send a stronger signal and
the range increases to 100 feet. Other features are same as the passive tags.
An RFID system consists of two main components, a transponder or a tag which is located on the
object that we want to be identified, and a transceiver or a reader.

Figure 3.2.10 : RFID Technology

The RFID reader consists of a radio frequency module, a control unit and an antenna coil
which generates high frequency electromagnetic field. On the other hand, the tag is usually passive
components, which consist of just an antenna and an electronic microchip, so when it gets near the
electromagnetic field of the transceiver, due to induction, a voltage is generated in its antenna coil
and this voltage serves as power for the microchip.

Figure 3.2.11:Working principal Of RFID Technology

Now as the tag is powered it can extract the transmitted message from the reader, and for
sending message back to the reader, it uses a technique called load manipulation. Switching on and
off a load at the antenna of the tag will affect the power consumption of the reader’s antenna which
can be measured as voltage drop. This changes in the voltage will be captured as ones and zeros
and that’s the way the data is transferred from the tag to the reader.
There’s also another way of data transfer between the reader and the tag, called
backscattered coupling. In this case, the tag uses part of the received power for generating another
electromagnetic field which will be picked up by the reader’s antenna.
RFID Reader:
EM-18 RFID reader is one of the commonly used RFID reader to read 125 KHz tags. It features
low cost, low power consumption, small form factor and easy to use. It provides both UART
and Wiegand26 output formats. It can be directly interfaced with microcontrollers using UART
and with PC using an RS232 converter.

Figure 3.2.12: EM-18 RFID Reader

Working of EM-18 RFID module:

The module radiates 125 KHz through its coils and when a 125KHz passive RFID tag is brought
into this field it will get energized from this field. These passive RFID tags mostly consist of
CMOS IC EM4102 which can get enough power for its working from the field generated by the
reader.

Figure 3.2.13 : Working Principal Of RFID Reader

 By changing the modulation current through the coils, tag will send back the information
contained in the factory programmed memory array.

Figure 3.2.14: Block Diagram Of Passive RFID Tag

Figure 3.2.15: Pin Out Diagram Of EM-18 RFID Reader Module

RFID Arduino Interfacing:
Now let’s interface the RFID reader module with Arduino. The use of Radio Frequency
Identification (RFID) technologies is growing. Many different applications are implemented in
various sectors, and used for very different purposes. RFID enables wireless data collection by
readers from electronic tags attached to or embedded in objects, for identification and other
purposes. This article describes the construction of a simple Arduino RFID Access control DIY
(Do It Yourself) Project using Arduino UNO and a RFID reader module (EM-18) to control an
LED and a Relay. Circuit schematic and ArduinoSketch (source code) are provided here.
 The reader transmits radio frequency when powered ON. When the tag is placed near the reader,
the RFID tag will receive the radio frequency via the antenna inside tag. The radio frequency
received will be converted into electrical power that is enough for the tag to transmit the data back
to the RFID reader. Further, the reader will transmit the tag ID to the external device by serial
communication. A wide range of reader modules are now available. The most common and easy to
use reader is EM-18. This module read the RFID passive tag and sends the tag ID to the Arduino
microcontroller.

Figure 3.2.16: Circuit diagram for EM-18 interfacing to Arduino

 CHAPTER-04
(Software Implementation)
4.1Algorithm
Step 1 : Start
Step 2 : Initialize eye blink sensor
Step 3 : Initialize Monitoring Sensor
Step 4 : If Anything detects
Step 5 : Stop the engine
Step 6 : Stop
Flow Chart
 CHAPTER-05
(Advantages and Disadvantages)
 ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES

ADVANTAGES:

Speed of the vehicle is controlled and accident is prevented.

Features that are integrated with this system are:

1. Auto-Breaking with Anti collision

2. Auto Speed Limit control
3. Curve detection.

DISADVANTAGES:

1. The driver might not be aware about the sign or intentionally doesn’t follow.
2. It results in violation of the rule and occasionally in accident.
CHAPTER-06

(Applications)
APPLICATIONS:

1. This is an electronic system that allows the vehicle to slow while approaching another
vehicle and accelerate again to preset speed when traffic is cleared.
2. It warns the driver if there is a high risk of collision .
3. This system is consists of ultrasonic based obstacle detector, whenever it detect the
obstacle automatically speed will be reduced, when the distance of the obstacle increases
automatically speed gets increased.
4. In this system, driver no needs to give the acceleration and also break, which is entirely
controlled by the system.
5. It is used for the reduction of accident rate for vehicle fitted with cruise control system.
CHAPTER-07

(Future Scope)
 Objective & Scope of the Project

MODE OF PROJECT: There are three mode of this project

To design RF region: In this mode we use the RF module and transmitter that send a frequency
signal of speed that receive by vehicle.

Vehicle checker mode: In this mode we use the switch for setting the critical condition and it can
be change. Speed control:-In this mode we sense the distance and according to distance we
generate the pwm pulse that control the speed of vehicle and display in lcd.

Obstacle sensing:-In this case we use the obstacle sensor that sense the condition of obstacle and
provide intimation
 CHAPTER- 08

(Conclusion and Results)

 CONCLUSION:

The project “Automatic Speed Control Of Vehicle Using Ultrasonic Sensors, RFID Sensor.” has been
successfully designed and tested. Integrating features of all the hardware components used have developed
it. Presence of every module has been reasoned out and placed carefully thus contributing to the best
working of the unit. Secondly, using highly advanced IC’s and with the help of growing technology the
project has been successfully implemented.

In this project we present heavy traffic zone accident preventions technique in the real world. It
has been mainly designed in order to avoid accidents and to alert the drivers about the speed limits
for safe travelling. It can be utilized in special areas with sudden sharp & high curve and thus
accident are prevented in old bridges and Ghats section. It is used to control the speed of the
vehicle in hospital, school, and work zones. Accidents can be prevented which are caused by the
negligent driving or speeding of the user. Heavy traffic zone are schools, hospitals, Highways, U-
turn etc. There the Vehicle speed can controlled automatically without the help of the driver. At
the same time it detects obstacle and stops the vehicle, so that accident will be prevented.
Project Kit (Front View)

Project kit (Internal view)

CHAPTER- 09

(References)
REFERENCES:

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8. Soni Kumari, Jamal Ahmed,” Review of automatic speed control using RFID,”
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